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Landesbank
In German-speaking jurisdictions, ''Landesbank'' (plural ), , refers to a category of public sector banks that are owned by one or more of the ''Länder'' ( federated internally self-governing states). Institutions of this type exist in most German states, as well as Austria and Switzerland. Austria-Hungary In the Austro-Hungarian Empire under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy, were government-sponsored banks established in some of the kingdoms and lands of the crown: * '' Landesbank des Königreichs Galizien und Lodomerien mit dem Grossherzogtum Krakau'', est. 1883 in Lemberg (now Lviv) for the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and the Grand Duchy of Kraków * '' Landesbank des Königreiches Böhmen'', est. 1890 in Prague for the Kingdom of Bohemia * '' Landesbank für Bosnien und Herzegowina'', est. 1895 in Sarajevo for Bosnia and Herzegovina under Austro-Hungarian rule * ''Bukowinaer Landesbank'', est. 1905 in Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi) for the Duchy of Bukovina * '' Kr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
The ''Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe'' ("Savings Banks Financial Group") is a network of public banks that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and Europe by assets. Its name refers to local government-controlled savings banks that are known in German as , plural . Its activity is overwhelmingly located in Germany. History The , established in Hamburg in 1778, is widely viewed as the first modern savings bank. Other accounts emphasize the significance of the savings bank of Göttingen, founded in 1801, which was the first established with a municipal guarantor whereas earlier foundations had been initiated by merchants, clerics or academics (Hamburg later created its own municipal savings banks in 1827). In 1838, the Kingdom of Prussia adopted the first savings banks legislation (), which unified the legal status of the 234 savings banks then existing under its jurisdiction and put them under the regime of the respective local governments; it served as a model ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landesbank Für Bosnien Und Herzegowina
The Landesbank für Bosnien und Herzegowina (, ) was a bank established in Sarajevo in 1895 to help finance the development of Bosnia and Herzegovina under Austro-Hungarian rule. It kept operating after the establishment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and during World War II, but was liquidated in the late 1940s. Its former head office, initially built as a hotel, is a landmark of Sarajevo. History Austro-Hungarian era In 1895, the Wiener Bankverein led the creation of the Landesbank in Sarajevo, at the initiative of the Austro-Hungarian government authorities and in cooperation with the Hungarian Bank for Industry and Commerce (). The Landesbank absorbed two government-owned banks which were previously the most important in Bosnia, respectively the and the . It soon established branches in Banja Luka, Bijeljina, Brčko, Mostar, and Tuzla. In 1907, represented the Serbian community in the bank's board of directors. By the end of the Austro-Hungarian period, the local gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol – Cassa Centrale Raiffeisen Dell'Alto Adige
The Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol – Cassa Centrale Raiffeisen dell'Alto Adige is the central banking institute of the 39 independent cooperative Casse Rurali/Raiffeisenbank in South Tyrol, Italy. The organisation in its current form dates back to 1973, although its oldest constituent bank was founded in Val Badia (Gadertal) in 1889. It is related to (the association of South Tyrolian Raiffeisen), which is a member of the International Raiffeisen Union, an association of cooperatives based on the ideas of Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen. The bank formed a joint venture called AlpenBank with Raiffeisen-Landesbank Tirol (central institute of Austrian Tyrolian Raiffeisenbank), as well as a sub-holding company Casse Rurali Raiffeisen Finanziaria with Cassa Centrale Banca - Credito Cooperativo del Nord Est, which owned a significant stake in Investitionsbank Trentino Südtirol – Mediocredito Trentino Alto Adige. The Raiffeisen-Landesbank also owned a minority stake in ICCREA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raiffeisen Bankengruppe (Austria)
The Raiffeisen Banking Group (, RBG) is a group of cooperative banks in Austria. The Austrian Raiffeisen banks are not consolidated under a single parent entity but are financially linked through a common institutional protection scheme and deposit guarantee scheme. The group's international operations, by contrast, are consolidated under Raiffeisen Bank International (RBI). History The movement to create rural cooperative banks initiated in Germany by Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen spread to the Habsburg Monarchy in 1886, two years before Raiffeisen's death, with the establishment of the country's first ''Raiffeisenkasse'' at Mühldorf, Lower Austria, Mühldorf near Spitz, Austria, Spitz in Lower Austria. The movement first national representative body was founded in 1898 under the name ''Allgemeiner Verband landwirtschaftlicher Genossenschaften in Österreich'' (). As Austria became a separate republic in 1918, more than 2000 local Raiffeisen banks were present on the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Krajowy
The Bank Krajowy, full name Bank Krajowy dla Królestwa Galicji i Lodomerii wraz z Wielkim Księstwem Krakowskim (, ), was a government-owned financial institution, established in 1881 by the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria in Lemberg, now Lviv. In 1920, its seat was relocated to Warsaw and its name changed to Polski Bank Krajowy. In 1924, it was merged into the newly created Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego. History The Bank Krajowy was the first credit institution in Galicia that emerged outside of the Jewish community, leaving aside direct loans provided by large landowners. It was supported by Leon Biliński, then received decisive support from Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz, mayor of Kraków, who convinced the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria to establish it by a resolution of . The new public bank, whose capital was subscribed by the provincial government, started operations on . In 1895, the Bank Krajowy opened a branch in Kraków. In 1905, it moved into a new purpose-built head office ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zemská Banka
Zemská Banka () was a significant state-sponsored financial institution in Prague during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was founded in 1890 as the (, , ). Following the independence of Czechoslovakia, from 1920 it was known simply as Zemská Banka, or to differentiate it from other banks of the same name, ("in Prague") or ("for Bohemia"). During Nazi occupation it was known as the , while its operation in the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovak Republic were transferred to an institution newly established for that purpose, the (SHKB, ). In 1948, both Zemská Banka and SHKB merged into the state-owned . History Zemská Banka was established in 1890 by the authorities of Bohemia under the Habsburg Monarchy. It complemented the , established in Prague in 1865 with a government guarantee, considered the original mortgage bank in the Habsburg monarchy. In the period of turmoil immediately after World War I, Zemská Banka had more assets than any of the joint-stoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Länderbank
The Länderbank, full original name k. k. privilegierte Österreichische Länderbank (), was a major Austrian bank, created in 1880. In 1922 its head office was moved to Paris under the name Banque des Pays de l'Europe Centrale (BPEC, , ), even though its activity remained overwhelmingly in the Austrian operations. After the 1938 Anschluss the latter came under control of Dresdner Bank by the name Länderbank Wien. It was nationalized in 1946, renamed Österreichische Länderbank AG in 1948, and eventually merged in 1991 with Vienna's Zentralsparkasse to form Bank Austria, which in turn has been a subsidiary of UniCredit since 2005. Habsburg era The Länderbank was founded on as a part-owned subsidiary of Paris-based Union Générale, first chaired by Galician aristocrat . Union Generale's promoter intended it as a conservative Catholic project against the financial power of the Jewish Rothschild family which led Austria-Hungary's largest bank, the Creditanstalt. In 1881 it s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banks
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. As banks play an important role in financial stability and the economy of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a high degree of regulation over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as fractional-reserve banking, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, the Basel Accords. Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but, in many ways, functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi (, ; , ;, , see also #Names, other names) is a city in southwestern Ukraine on the upper course of the Prut River. Formerly the capital of the historic region of Bukovina, which is now divided between Romania and Ukraine, Chernivtsi serves as the administrative center for the Chernivtsi urban hromada, the Chernivtsi Raion, and the Chernivtsi Oblast, oblast itself. The Chernivtsi population is and the latest Ukrainian Census (2001), census in 2001 was 240,600. The first document that refers to this city dates back to 1408, when Chernivtsi was a town in the region of Moldavia, formerly as a defensive fortification, and became the center of Bukovina in 1488. In 1538, Chernivtsi was under the control of the Principality of Moldavia under Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Polish suzerainty, later under Ottoman Empire suzerainty, and the Moldavian control lasted for two centuries until 1774, when Archduchy of Austria, Austria took control of Bukovina in the aftermath of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Tyrol
South Tyrol ( , ; ; ), officially the Autonomous Province of Bolzano – South Tyrol, is an autonomous administrative division, autonomous provinces of Italy, province in northern Italy. Together with Trentino, South Tyrol forms the autonomous Regions of Italy, region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province is Italy's northernmost and the second-largest, with an area of , and has a population of about 534,000 as of 2021. Its capital and largest city is Bolzano. South Tyrol has a considerable level of self-government, consisting of a large range of exclusive legislative and executive powers and a fiscal regime that allows it to retain 90% of revenue, while remaining a net contributor to the national budget. As of 2023, it is Italy's wealthiest province and among the wealthiest in the European Union. In the wider context of the European Union, the province is one of the three members of Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion, which corresponds almost exactly to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Carniola
The Duchy of Carniola (, , ) was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire, established under House of Habsburg, Habsburg rule on the territory of the former East Frankish March of Carniola in 1364. A hereditary land of the Habsburg monarchy, it became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and part of the Kingdom of Illyria until 1849. A separate crown land from 1849, it was incorporated into the Cisleithanian territories of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until the state's dissolution in 1918. Its capital was Laibach, today Ljubljana. Geography The borders of the historic Carniola region had varied over the centuries. From the time of the duchy's establishment, it was located in the southeastern periphery of the Holy Roman Empire, where the Žumberak Mountains, Gorjanci Mountains and the Kupa, Kolpa River formed the border with the Kingdom of Croatia (other), Kingdom of Croatia. In the north, it bordered the Imperial Duchy of Carinthia, from the Predil Pass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
