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Lamellae (mycology)
In mycology, a lamella (: lamellae), or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification. The attachment of the gills to the stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side, while color, crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features. Additionally, gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features. For instance, ''Lactarius'' species typically seep latex from their gills. It was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales, but as fungi were studied in more detail, some gilled species were demonstrated not to be. It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once. The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolved gill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russulales
The Russulales are an order of the Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric genera '' Russula'' and ''Lactarius'' and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives). According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the order consists of 12 families, 80 genera, and 1767 species. According to ''Species Fungorum'' (January 2016), the order contains 13 families, 117 genera (16 not assigned to a family), and 3,060 species. Russuloid agarics represent an independent evolutionary line of agarics, not directly related to the Agaricales. This group also includes a number of russuloid hypogeous fungi, polypores such as '' Bondarzewia'', some tooth fungi (e.g. '' Auriscalpium vulgare''), and club fungi e.g. '' Artomyces''. Basidiospores in this group are typically ornamented with amyloid warts or reticulation but a few exceptions are known, e.g. '' Heterobasidion annosum''. The genus '' Clavicorona'' was often treated in the Russulales, but its type species, '' C. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craterellus
''Craterellus'' is a genus of generally edible fungi similar to the closely related chanterelles, with some new species recently moved from the latter to the former. Both groups lack true gills on the underside of their caps, though they often have gill-like wrinkles and ridges. General The three most common species, '' C. cornucopioides'', '' C. lutescens'' and '' C. tubaeformis'', are gathered commercially and, unlike ''Cantharellus'', can be easily preserved by drying. Molecular phylogenetics have been applied to the problem of discriminating between ''Craterellus'' and ''Cantharellus'' genera. Results indicate that the presence of a hollow stipe may be a synapomorphy (a trait corresponding to the evolutionary relationship) which reliably identifies ''Craterellus'' species. ''C. cornucopioides'' appears to be a single polymorphic species, while ''C. tubaeformis'' may be two separate genetic groups separated by geography. Definition of the genus The genera ''Crater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantharellus
''Cantharellus'' is a genus of mushrooms, commonly known as chanterelles (), a name which can also refer to the type species, '' Cantharellus cibarius''. They are mycorrhizal fungi, meaning they form symbiotic associations with plants. Chanterelles may resemble a number of other species, some of which are poisonous. The name comes from the Greek word '' kantharos'' ('tankard, cup'). Chanterelles are one of the most recognized and harvested groups of edible mushrooms. Description Mushrooms in the genus are generally shaped like cups or trumpets. The hue is mostly yellow, with the gills sometimes pinkish. Similar species The false chanterelle ('' Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca'') has finer, more orange gills and a darker cap. It is sometimes regarded as poisonous. The very similar jack-o'-lantern mushroom ('' Omphalotus olearius'') and its sister species ('' Omphalotus olivascens'') are very poisonous, though not lethal. They have true gills (unlike chanterelles) wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloeophyllum Sepiarium
''Gloeophyllum sepiarium'', the rusty gilled polypore, is a wood decay fungus that causes a brown rot. Description The cap is wide, loosely fan-shaped, brown with a yellow-orange margin during growth, velvety then smooth, and leathery with a mild odor and taste. The gills are adnate and close, light when fresh and darker both near the wood and in age. The spores are white, cylindrical, and smooth. The spore print is white. The fruiting body grows for only one year, and produces spores in late summer and autumn. Its hymenial surface is distinctive from other polypores due to the presence of gills. The species is inedible. Similar species Similar species include '' G. trabeum'', '' Daedaleopsis confragosa'', ''Daedalea quercina'', '' Lenzites betulina'', '' Trametes betulina'', and ''T. versicolor''. Habitat and distribution It grows on dead conifer Conifers () are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenzites Betulina
''Trametes betulina'' (formerly ''Lenzites betulina''), sometimes known by common names gilled polypore, birch mazegill or multicolor gill polypore, is a species of fungus. The caps are wide. Although it is a member of the Polyporales order, the fruiting bodies have gills instead of pores, which distinguishes it from the superficially similar ''Trametes versicolor ''Trametes versicolor''also known as ''Coriolus versicolor'' and ''Polyporus versicolor''is a common polypore mushroom found throughout the world. Owing to its shape being similar to that of a wild turkey's tail feathers, ''T. versicolor ...'' or ''T. hirsuta''. It is inedible due to its toughness. Research has shown that it has several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunosuppressive activities. References External links * Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Databaseby Robert Sasata, ''Healing-Mushrooms.net'', September, 2007. The Mushroom Farm Fung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daedaleopsis Confragosa
''Daedaleopsis confragosa'', commonly known as the thin-walled maze polypore or the blushing bracket, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Polyporaceae. The species was first described from Europe in 1791 as a form of ''Boletus'', and has undergone several changes of genus in its taxonomic history. It acquired its current name when Joseph Schröter transferred it to ''Daedaleopsis'' in 1888. A plant pathogen, it causes a white rot of injured hardwoods, especially willows. The fruit bodies are semicircular and tough, have a concentrically zoned brownish upper surface, and measure up to in diameter. The whitish underside turns gray-brown as the fruit body ages, but bruises pink or red. It is found all year and is common in northern temperate woodlands of Eurasia and eastern North America. Taxonomy ''Daedaleopsis confragosa'' was first described scientifically under the name ''Boletus confragosus'' by English naturalist James Bolton, in his 1791 work ''An History of Fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daedalea Quercina
''Fomitopsis quercina'' is a species of mushroom in the order Polyporales. Commonly known as the thick-walled maze polypore, maze-gill fungus oak-loving maze polypore, or oak mazegill, the specific epithet refers to the oak genus ''Quercus'', upon which it frequently grows, causing a brown rot. It is found in Eurasia, Northern Africa and Australasia. Though inedible, it can be used as a natural comb and has been the subject of chemical research. Taxonomy Having previously been in the genus '' Daedalea,'' it was transferred to the new genus ''Fomitopsis'' in 2024, based on molecular phylogenetic data. The newly proposed name is ''Fomitopsis quercina'' (L.) Spirin & Miettinen (2024). Description The sessile, fan-shaped fruiting bodies are typically wide and up to 8 cm thick. They are found singly or in tiered groups, usually on rotting oak. The upper surface of the cap may be various shades of brown, and is sometimes zonate. The pore surface, white to tan in color, is ini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygrophoropsis Aurantiaca
''Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca'', commonly known as the false chanterelle, is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver von Wulfen described the false chanterelle in 1781, noting both its resemblance with the true Cantharellus, chanterelles and people's propensity to confuse them. The false chanterelle was then placed in the genus ''Clitocybe'', but it was later observed that its forked gills and dextrinoid spores indicated a relationship to ''Paxillus''. Genetic analysis has confirmed that it belongs to the order Boletales and is more closely related to boletes. The Basidiocarp, fruit bodies (mushrooms) are yellow–orange, with a funnel-shaped pileus (mycology), cap up to across that has a felt-like surface. The thin, often forked lamella (mycology), gills on the underside of the cap run partway down the length of the otherwise smooth stipe (mycology), stipe. The species is found across several continents, growing in woodland and hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paxillus Atrotomentosus
''Tapinella atrotomentosa'', commonly known as the velvet roll-rim or velvet-footed tap, is a species of fungus in the family Tapinellaceae. Although it has gills, it is a member of the pored mushroom order Boletales. August Batsch described the species in 1783. It has been recorded from Eurasia and North America. Tough and inedible, it grows on tree stumps of conifers. The mushroom contains several compounds that act as deterrents of feeding by insects. Taxonomy ''Tapinella atrotomentosa'' was originally described as ''Agaricus atrotomentosus'' by German naturalist August Batsch in his 1783 work ''Elenchus Fungorum'', and given its current name by Josef Šutara in 1992. It is commonly known as the "velvet-footed pax", and the "velvet rollrim". Historical synonyms include ''Paxillus atrotomentosus'' by Elias Magnus Fries (1833), ''Rhymovis atrotomentosa'' by Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst (1844), and ''Sarcopaxillus atrotomentosus'' by Ivan Zmitrovich (2004). The variety ''bambus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapinella Atrotomentosa
''Tapinella atrotomentosa'', commonly known as the velvet roll-rim or velvet-footed tap, is a species of fungus in the family Tapinellaceae. Although it has gills, it is a member of the pored mushroom order Boletales. August Batsch described the species in 1783. It has been recorded from Eurasia and North America. Tough and inedible, it grows on tree stumps of conifers. The mushroom contains several compounds that act as deterrents of feeding by insects. Taxonomy ''Tapinella atrotomentosa'' was originally described as ''Agaricus atrotomentosus'' by German naturalist August Batsch in his 1783 work ''Elenchus Fungorum'', and given its current name by Josef Šutara in 1992. It is commonly known as the "velvet-footed pax", and the "velvet rollrim". Historical synonyms include ''Paxillus atrotomentosus'' by Elias Magnus Fries (1833), ''Rhymovis atrotomentosa'' by Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst (1844), and ''Sarcopaxillus atrotomentosus'' by Ivan Zmitrovich (2004). The variety ''ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
