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Lagpunkt
A lagpunkt (russian: Отдельный лагерный пункт, лагерный пункт, лагпункт), literally "camp point", may be translated as "subcamp" or "camp site" was a separate settlement subordinated to a major Gulag forced labor camp. Lagpunkts were convenient to decrease the time and hassle of transport of inmates to remote job sites.Jacques Rossi, ''The Gulag Handbook'' At the same time this remoteness created difficulties for the delivery of food supplies, especially in winter. Anne Appelbaum in her '' Gulag: A History'' occasionally translates the term as "base camp", along with using the Russian term.Anne Appelbaum, '' Gulag: A History'' Other authors use the term "base camp" for the main location of the camp. Many camps, especially operating logging had big number of ''lagpunkts'' to man work in a particular areas. Some of them did not have a name, only number and housed about a 100 of inmates.Konstantin Bakharev ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the State Political Directorate, GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in charge of the Soviet Union, Soviet network of Correctional labour camp, forced labour camps which were set up by order of Vladimir Lenin, reaching its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s. English-language speakers also use the word ''gulag'' in reference to each of the forced-labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union, including the camps that existed in the History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), post-Lenin era. The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, a large number of whom were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labor Camp
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, abolished camps of forced labor. In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals ''per se'', but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes. Some of those camps were dubbed "reeducation facilities" for political coercion, but most others served as backbones of industry and agriculture for the benefit of the state, especially in times of war. Precursors Early-modern states could exploi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Rossi
Jacques Rossi (10 October 1909, Wrocław – 30 June 2004, Paris) was a Polish-French writer and polyglot. Rossi was best known for his books on the Gulag. Early life He was born as Franz Xaver Heyman and was the son of architect Martin (Marcin) Heyman and Léontine Charlotte Goyet who was for a time governess in Kalisz. In 1962, in Poland, he changed his name from Franciszek Ksawiery Heyman to Jacek Franciszek Rossi, perhaps in recognition of his real father's name. Political associations He was a member of the Communist Party of Poland as well as of the comintern. He participated in the Spanish Civil War. At one time, he worked for Leon Trotsky and interpreted for Stalin. In 1937, he was called to Moscow and, most likely due to his prior connection with Trotsky, was imprisoned in Soviet camps until after Stalin's death in 1953. In 1961 he returned to Warsaw with the help of his brother Piotr Heyman. Career A polyglot, he was a lecturer in the University of Warsaw ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Appelbaum
Anne Elizabeth Applebaum (born July 25, 1964) is an American journalist and historian. She has written extensively about the history of Communism and the development of civil society in Central and Eastern Europe. She has worked at '' The Economist'' and '' The Spectator'', and was a member of the editorial board of '' The Washington Post'' (2002–2006). Applebaum won the Pulitzer Prize in 2004 for '' Gulag: A History'' published the previous year. She is a staff writer for '' The Atlantic'' and a senior fellow at The Agora Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. Early life and education Applebaum was born in Washington, D.C. Applebaum has stated that she was brought up in a "very reformed" Jewish family. Her ancestors came to America from what is now Belarus. She graduated from the Sidwell Friends School (1982). Applebaum earned a Bachelor of Arts, ''summa cum laude'', in history and literature from Yale University, where she att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A History
A History may refer to: * ''A History'' (1982–1985), a compilation album by The Golden Palominos * ''A History'' (1986–1989), a compilation album by The Golden Palominos {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lynne Viola
Lynne Viola is a scholar on the Soviet Union. She is a professor at the University of Toronto and has written four books and 30 articles. Early life Raised in Nutley, New Jersey, she graduated from Nutley High School in 1973. Viola graduated from Barnard College in 1978 and received a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1984. Awards and honours In 2014, she was inducted into the Royal Society of Canada. In 2018, she was the recipient of the Thomas Henry Pentland Molson Prize. In 2019, she was awarded a Killam Prize The Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Prize was established according to the will of Dorothy J. Killam to honour the memory of her husband Izaak Walton Killam. Five Killam Prizes, each having a value of $100,000, are annually awarded by the Canada Cou .... Publications * 1987, ''The best sons of the fatherland: Workers in the vanguard of Soviet collectivization'' * 1996, ''Peasant rebels under Stalin: Collectivization and the culture of peasant resistance'' * 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rossiyskaya Gazeta
' (russian: Российская газета, lit. Russian Gazette) is a Russian newspaper published by the Government of Russia. The daily newspaper serves as the official government gazette of the Government of the Russian Federation, publishing government-related affairs such as official decrees, statements and documents of state bodies, the promulgation of newly approved laws, Presidential decrees, and government announcements. History ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'' was founded in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR during the '' glasnost'' reforms in Soviet Union, shortly before the country dissolved in 1991. ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'' became official government newspaper of the Russian Federation, replacing ''Izvestia'' and '' Sovetskaya Rossiya'' newspapers, which were both privatized after the Soviet Union's dissolution. The role of ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'' is determined by the Law of the Russian Federation N 5-FZ, dated 14 June 1994 and entitled "''On the Procedure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Army
The notion of the Labor army (трудовая армия, трудармия) was introduced in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War in 1920. Initially the term was applied to regiments of Red Army transferred from military activity to labor activity, such as logging, coal mining, firewood stocking, etc. History The first labor army (1я Трудармия, 1-я армия труда) was created after the defeat of Kolchak on the base of the 3rd Army located in the Urals region by the initiative of the army commander Mikhail Matiyasevich (командарм Михаил Степанович Матиясевич). Leon Trotsky, acting as People's Commissar of Army and Fleet Affairs and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic at this time, developed this idea further. He argued that the economic situation in the country required introduction of the universal labor duty. In the case of workers, this could be done with the help of trade unions, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Trip
Business travel is travel undertaken for work or business purposes, as opposed to other types of travel, such as for leisure purposes or regularly commuting between one's home and workplace. According to a survey, 88% small business owners enjoy business travel. Jobs involving business travel In the twenty-first century, many jobs involve periodic or frequent business travel. Common careers involving business travel include: * Salespeople * Sales engineers * Executives * Field engineers * Project managers * Trainers * Consultants Additionally, it is common to see doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals flying for work. Often lawyers, politicians, athletes, clergy, military, academics, and journalists conduct business travel on a regular basis. Negatives to business travel Employees who travel for work on a regular basis often experience loneliness, depression, and reduced mental health. In 2019, 1 in 5 business travelers reported business travel negatively affect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
