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Ladislaus I Losonci
Ladislaus (I) Losonci (; died January–February 1392) was a powerful Hungarian baron, who served as Count of the Székelys from 1373 to 1376, and Voivode of Transylvania from 1376 to 1385 and from 1386 until his death. He was a staunch supporter of Mary, Queen of Hungary after 1382. In contemporary records, he was often called Ladislaus the Elder to distinguish him from his namesake relative Ladislaus II Losonci. Early life Ladislaus was born into the Dezsőfi branch of the influential Losonci family as the son of Desiderius I, castellan of Kőszeg then Poieni, Cluj, Sebesvár (today Bologa in Poieni, Cluj, Poieni, Romania). He had three brothers, Denis, Michael and Nicholas Losonci, Nicholas,Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Tomaj 6., Losonci Dezsőfi) who also functioned as Count of the Székelys between 1382 and 1385. The Losonci family originated from the Tomaj (genus), Tomaj clan of Pechenegs, Pecheneg origin. Ladislaus' great-grandfather was the soldier, Palatine of Hungary, Pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode Of Transylvania
The Voivode of Transylvania (;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. ;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. ; ) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century. Appointed by the King of Hungary, monarchs, the voivodesthemselves also the heads or ''ispáns'' of Fehér County (former), Fehér Countywere the superiors of the ''ispáns'' of all the other County (Kingdom of Hungary), counties in the province. They had wide-ranging administrative, military and judicial powers, but their jurisdiction never covered the whole province. The Transylvanian Saxons, Saxon and Székelys, Székely communitiesorganized into their own districts or "Seat (territorial-administrative unit), seats" from the 13th centurywere independent of the voivodes. The kings also exempted some Transylvanian towns and villages from their authority over the centuries. Even so, the Voivodeship of Transylvania "was the largest single administrative entity"Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons (; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen'' or simply ''Soxen'', singularly ''Sox'' or ''Soax''; Transylvanian Landler dialect, Transylvanian Landler: ''Soxn'' or ''Soxisch''; ; seldom ''sași ardeleni/transilvăneni/transilvani''; ) are a people of mainly Germans, German ethnicity and overall Germanic peoples, Germanic origin—mostly Luxembourgers, Luxembourgish and from the Low Countries initially during the medieval Ostsiedlung process, then also from other parts of present-day Germany—who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. The first ancestors of the Transylvanian 'Saxons' originally stemmed from Flanders, County of Hainaut, Hainaut, Landgraviate of Brabant, Brabant, Liège, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Moselle, Duchy of Lorraine, Lorraine, and County of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Szécsi
Nicholas Szécsi de Felsőlendva (''Széchy; ''; ''c.'' 1320 – ''c.'' June or July 1387) was a Hungarian nobleman from the influential House of Szécsi. Son of Peter, Count of Nógrád, and Sebe Debrői. He married Margaret of Debrecen, they had four children. He was sent to Poland by King Louis I in 1345, when the Czechs laid siege to Kraków. Between 1346 and 1349, he served as the ban of Croatia. He took part in the King's second Neapolitan campaign, as well as in the unsuccessful 1352 campaign against the Lithuanian pagans, where he himself was wounded. Upon his return in 1354, he was made supreme count of Krassó. Between 1358 and 1366 he served as ban of Croatia again, after which he served as the ban of Slavonia between 1366 and 1368. Szécsi followed the King to Rome in 1370. He was named the ban of Croatia again between 1377 and 1380. He was also the ''ispán'' of Vas and of Pozsony between 1381 and 1382. He served as judge royal three times and finished his caree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ban Of Croatia
Ban of Croatia () was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by Ban (title), bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually became the chief government officials in Croatia. They were at the head of the Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban persisted until the first half of the 20th century, when it was officially superseded in function by that of a parliamentary prime minister. Origin of title South Slavic ''ban'' (, with a long ), is directly attested in 10th-century Constantine VII, Constantine Porphyrogenitus' book ''De Administrando Imperio'' as ', in a chapter dedicated to Croats and the organization of their state, describing how their ban "has under his rule Krbava, Lika and Gacka." Bans during the Trpimirović dynasty Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demetrius Of Esztergom
Demetrius (; died 20 February 1387), was a Hungarian cardinal and politician, who served as archbishop of Esztergom and bishop of Zagreb and Transylvania, and chancellor. Origins and early career Nothing is known about the origin of Demetrius, who would rise to the highest ecclesiastical titles, but it is presumed that he came from a family of peasants. His father was a certain Peter. Other historians claimed he belonged to the Kaplon of Kaplai kindreds, or was a member of the Bajoni noble family. Towards the end of his life, he appeared in contemporary sources as Demetrius of Vaskút (), after receiving land donations in Nógrád and Gömör Counties in 1381. Along with his brother Philip, he was raised together with King Charles I's eldest son, Louis, who would become King Louis I in 1342. In 1356, he became Keeper of the Seals thus permanently belonged to the escort of Louis I. Three years later, he was put in charge of the royal treasury. In this capacity, he oversaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvania
Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border are the Carpathian Mountains and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also include the western and northwestern Romanian regions of Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally Banat. Historical Transylvania also includes small parts of neighbouring Western Moldavia and even a small part of south-western neighbouring Bukovina to its north east (represented by Suceava County). Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history, coupled with its multi-cultural character. It also contains Romania's second-largest city, Cluj-Napoca, and other very well preserved medieval iconic cities and towns such as Brașov, Sibiu, Târgu Mureș, Bistrița, Alba Iuli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-voivode Of Transylvania
The vice-voivode of Transylvania (; ) was the deputy of the voivode of Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary. The office first appeared in contemporary sources in 1221. From the early 15th century, the voivodes rarely visited Transylvania, permanently leaving the administration of the counties to the vice-voivodes, who often belonged to their voivodes' allegiance. They held some judicial powers History List of vice-voivodes See also *Voivode of Transylvania The Voivode of Transylvania (;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. ;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. ; ) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century. Appointed by the King of Hun ... References Sources * * * * * * {{Refend Medieval Transylvania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torda County
Torda County (,Fallenbüchl 1994, p. 153. , ) was a county in Transylvania between the 11th century and 1876. History Kingdom of Hungary Counties (districts formed around royal fortresses) were the basic units of royal administration in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11th century. The fortress initially serving as the seat of Torda County was located at a distance of about Kristó 1988, p. 92. from modern Torda (now Turda, Romania), above the village Várfalva (now Moldovenești, Romania), on the river Aranyos (now Arieș in Romania).Bóna 1994, p. 163. A cemetery near the castle was used from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. The earliest royal charter mentioning the castle is from 1075, but only its interpolated version has been preserved. The earliest authentic charter referring to the same castle is dated to 1177. Although the county itself was only first mentioned in 1227, a reference in the charter of 1075 to taxes levied on salt at the castle implies th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivodeni
Voivodeni (also ''Sânioana'' or ''Sântioana''; ; ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Toldal (''Toldalag'') and Voivodeni. The former village is much less populated than the latter. This commune is within a region known as Transylvania and is centrally located in Romania. It is about 174 miles north of Bucharest, about 8 miles southwest of the city of Reghin, about 14 miles north of the county capital of Târgu Mureș, and about 86 miles northwest of Brașov. It is also at an average altitude of 1,230 feet, less than the average height where a landmass is considered a mountain (2,000 feet). The commune has a hemiboreal climate with the average temperature as , with the warmest in July at about and the coldest in December at about . The average rainfall is about 31 inches a year, with about 5 inches in May and about 1.5 inches in February on average. History The first mention of the town was in 1332, under the name of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szolnok County
Szolnok County (, , (modern spelling )) was a county in the Kingdom of Hungary between the 11th century and 1426. It was made up of two disconnected parts, one in what later became Transylvania and the , the other around the Tisza centred on the settlement of Szolnok. The county was eventually split and became: * ('Inner Szolnok') in what became the Principality of Transylvania, which was merged into Szolnok-Doboka County in 1876. * ('Middle Szolnok') in what became the , which was merged into Szilágy County in 1876. * ('Outer Szolnok') in central Hungary, which ''de facto'' merged with Heves County in 1569 due to the Ottoman occupation of Külső-Szolnok. Heves was also occupied in 1596, with both becoming part of Eğri Eyalet until their reconquest by the Habsburgs in 1687. The two counties merged ''de jure'' in 1765 to become . A second iteration of Szolnok County, centred on the city of Szolnok and corresponding to the former Külső-Szolnok, was created in 1850Gese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ispán
The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. (, , and ),Kirschbaum 2007, p. 315. deriving from title of župan, was the leader of a castle district (a fortress and the royal lands attached to it) in the Kingdom of Hungary from the early 11th century. Most of them were also heads of the basic administrative units of the kingdom, called County (Kingdom of Hungary), counties, and from the 13th century the latter function became dominant. The ''ispáns'' were appointed and dismissed by either the king of Hungary, monarchs or a high-ranking royal official responsible for the administration of a larger territorial unit within the kingdom. They fulfilled administrative, judicial and military functions in one or more counties. Heads of counties were often represented locally by their deputies, the vice-ispánsRady 2000, p. 41. (,Nemes 1989, p. 21. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles V Of France
Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (; ), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380. His reign marked an early high point for France during the Hundred Years' War as his armies recovered much of the territory held by the English and successfully reversed the military losses of his predecessors. Charles became regent of France when his father John II of France, John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. To pay for the defense of the kingdom, Charles raised taxes. As a result, he faced hostility from the French nobility, nobility, led by Charles II of Navarre, Charles the Bad, List of Navarrese monarchs, King of Navarre; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie, which was channeled through the Estates General (France), Estates-General led by Étienne Marcel; and with a peasant revolt known as the Jacquerie. Charles overcame all of these rebellions, but in order to liberate his father, he had to conclude the Treaty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
