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Lactarius Sangifluus
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus ''Russula'', their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus ''Lactifluus'' has been separated from ''Lactarius'' based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. Systematics and taxonomy The genus ''Lactarius'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797 with '' L. piperatus'' as the original type species. In 2011, '' L. torminosus'' was accepted as the new type of the genus after the splitting-off of ''Lactifluus'' as separate genus. The name "''Lactarius''" is derived from the Latin ''lac'', "milk". Placement within Russulaceae Molecular phylogenetics uncovered that, while macromorphologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactarius Torminosus
''Lactarius torminosus'', commonly known as the woolly milkcap or the bearded milkcap, is a large species of agaric fungus. It was first described scientifically by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1774 as an ''Agaricus'', and later transferred to the genus ''Lactarius (fungus), Lactarius'' in 1821 by Samuel Frederick Gray. ''L. torminosus'' officially became the type species of ''Lactarius'' in 2011 after molecular phylogenetic, molecular studies prompted the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic reshuffling of species between several Russulaceae genera. The pileus (mycology), caps are convex with a central depression, and attain a diameter of up to . A blend of pink and ochre hues, the cap sometimes has concentric zones of alternating lighter and darker shades. The edge of the cap is rolled inward, and shaggy when young. On the underside of the cap are narrow flesh-colored lamella (mycology), gills that are crowded closely together. The cylindrical stipe (mycology), stem is a pale fle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Piperatus
''Lactifluus piperatus'' (synonym ''Lactarius piperatus''), commonly known as the blancaccio, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus '' Lactifluus''. It was the original type species of the genus ''Lactarius'', before being moved to ''Lactifluus''. The fruiting body is a creamy-white mushroom which is funnel-shaped when mature, with exceptionally crowded gills. It bleeds a whitish peppery-tasting milk when cut. Widely distributed across Europe and eastern North America, ''L. piperatus'' has been accidentally introduced to Australia. Mycorrhizal, it forms a symbiotic relationship with various species of deciduous tree, including beech, and hazel, and fruiting bodies are found on the forest floor in deciduous woodland. Despite often being considered edible, it reportedly contains toxins and has a poor flavor, but can be used as a seasoning when dried. Taxonomy The species was one of many named by Carl Linnaeus, who officially described it in Volume Two of his ''Species Plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcangeliella
''Arcangeliella'' is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Russulaceae. Taxonomic and phylogenetic research has shown that it is very likely a synonym of ''Lactarius''. The type species ''Arcangeliella borziana'' was moved to ''Lactarius'' in 2003. However, the genus name is still in use for several species for which new combinations have not yet been proposed. The genus was circumscribed by Fridiano Cavara in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser.2, vol.7 on page 125 in 1900. The genus name of ''Arcangeliella'' is in honour of Giovanni Arcangeli (1840–1921), who was an Italian botanist from Florence. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; * '' Arcangeliella ambigua'' * '' Arcangeliella beccarii'' * '' Arcangeliella borziana'' * '' Arcangeliella brunneola'' * '' Arcangeliella claridgei'' * '' Arcangeliella corkii'' * '' Arcangeliella curtisii'' * '' Arcangeliella daucina'' * '' Arcangeliella ellipsoidea'' * '' Arcangeliella laevis'' * '' Arcangeliella luteocarnea'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactarius Angiocarpus
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus '' Russula'', their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus '' Lactifluus'' has been separated from ''Lactarius'' based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. Systematics and taxonomy The genus ''Lactarius'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797 with '' L. piperatus'' as the original type species. In 2011, '' L. torminosus'' was accepted as the new type of the genus after the splitting-off of ''Lactifluus'' as separate genus. The name "''Lactarius''" is derived from the Latin '' lac'', "milk". Placement within Russulaceae Molecular phylogenetics uncovered that, while macromorphol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Vellereus
''Lactifluus vellereus'' (formerly ''Lactarius vellereus''), commonly known as the fleecy milk-cap, is a quite large fungus in the genus ''Lactifluus''. It is one of the two most common milk-caps found with beech, beech trees, with the other being ''Lactarius subdulcis''. Taxonomy and systematics ''Lactifluus vellereus'' is one of a handful of north temperate milk caps that belong to the genus ''Lactifluus'' which has been separated from ''Lactarius (fungus), Lactarius'' on phylogenetics, phylogenetic grounds. Its closest species is ''Lactifluus bertillonii, L. bertillonii'', with which it forms a rather isolated clade in the genus. Description Like other mushrooms in the family Russulaceae, the ''L. vellereus'' basidiocarp, fruit body has crumbly, rather than fibrous, trama (mycology), flesh, and when this is broken the fungus exudes a milky latex. The mature Pileus (mycology), caps are white to cream, funnel-shaped, and up to in diameter. It has firm flesh, and a Stipe ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Volemus
''Lactifluus volemus'', formerly known as ''Lactarius volemus'', and commonly known as the weeping milk cap or bradley, is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ''L. volemus'' represents several species or subspecies, rather than a single taxon. The colour of the mushroom varies from apricot to tawny, and the cap may be up to 11 cm ( in) wide. The pale golden yellow gills on the underside of the cap are closely spaced and sometimes forked. One of the mushroom's most distinctive features is the large amount of latex ("milk") that it exudes when the gills are damaged, leading to some of its common names, e.g. voluminous-latex milky. It also has a distinctive fishy smell, which does not affect the taste. The fruit bodies have been chemically analysed and found to contain several sterols related to ergosterol, some of which are unique to this species. The mushroom also contains a natural rubber that has been chemically ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multifurca Furcata
''Multifurca furcata'' is a rare mushroom-forming fungus in the genus '' Multifurca''. It was originally described as a ''Lactarius'' species in 1918 and was moved to the new genus ''Multifurca'' in 2008. With the genus ''Lactarius'' it shares the exudation of milk-like latex; however, it is microscopically and molecularly distinct. It has been found very infrequently, with currently known localities in the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ..., and China. References External links Russulales News / ''Multifurca furcata'' Russulales Fungi described in 1918 Fungus species {{russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyly
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic grouping (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term received currency during the debates of the 1960s and 1970s accompanying the rise of cladistics, having been coined by zoologist Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles), which is paraphyletic with respect to birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles and all descendants of that ancest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multifurca
''Multifurca'' is a rare genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the family Russulaceae. It was described in 2008, after molecular phylogenetic study had shown that it forms a monophyletic lineage within the family, sister to ''Lactarius''. The genus contains six species known from the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, India, China, Thailand, Australia, and New Caledonia, but so far has not been reported from Europe, Africa, or South America. Four of those species were formerly classified as ''Russula'' section ''Ochricompactae'', and ''Multifurca furcata'' was originally described as a ''Lactarius'' species. ''Multifurca'' is morphologically intermediate between ''Lactarius'' and ''Russula'': Fruitbodies have adnate to subdecurrent gills and are zonate; latex (as in ''Lactarius'' and ''Lactifluus'') is present only in ''M. furcata''; spore print is orange; spores themselves are very small with only faint ornamentation. The widespread but only punctual records of ''Multifurca'' sugge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
