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La Lizza
La Lizza is a square and public park in central Siena, Region of Tuscany, Italy. It is a very popular promenade spot for the Sienese population, as the main green space in the medieval city. The wide area of La Lizza includes the gardens founded at the end of the 18th century, the section of the square adjacent to Piazza Gramsci, and the Medicean Fortress, located at the border with the San Prospero neighborhood. The gardens are bounded by the avenues of Viale Rinaldo Franci (to the north) and Viale Cesare Maccari (to the south). History The area had previously hosted an equestrian school and knightly tournaments since the late 16th century, concurrent with the construction of the nearby Fortezza Medicea. In 1779, based on a project by Antonio Matteucci, the area was transformed into a public park with improvements to the lawn and the widening of the road leading to the fortress, making it a gathering place for the local nobility and bourgeoisie. Between 1869 and 1872, under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siena
Siena ( , ; traditionally spelled Sienna in English; ) is a city in Tuscany, in central Italy, and the capital of the province of Siena. It is the twelfth most populated city in the region by number of inhabitants, with a population of 52,991 as of 2025. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking centre until the 13th and 14th centuries. Siena is also home to the List of oldest banks in continuous operation, oldest bank in the world, the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, Monte dei Paschi, which has been operating continuously since . Several significant Mediaeval and Renaissance painters were born and worked in Siena, among them Duccio di Buoninsegna, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Stefano di Giovanni, Sassetta, and influenced the course of Italian and European art. The University of Siena, originally called ''Studium Senese'', was founded in 1240, making it one of the List of oldest universities in continuous oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on high culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and of the foundations of the Italian language. The prestige established by the Tuscan dialect's use in literature by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini led to its subsequent elaboration as the language of culture throughout Italy. It has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the Uffizi and the Palazzo Pitti. Tuscany is also known for its wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano, Brunello di Montalcino and white Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th Century
The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures. The Industrial Revolution began mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. The European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as part of the Age of Sail. During the century, slave trading expanded across the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, while declining in Russia and China. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortezza Medicea (Siena)
Siena’s Fortezza Medicea (the Medici Fortress sometimes called the Fort of Saint Barbara) is a fort built in the city between 1561 and 1563 on the orders of Duke Cosimo, a few years before he became the first Grand Duke of Tuscany. The fortress is positioned on the northern edge of the central Siena in the Terzo of Camollia, next to the neighborhood of San Prospero, and since 1923 has overlooked the city’s Artemio Franchi/Montepaschi Arena. History Construction of the fortress followed the Battle of Marciano which in 1554 marked the final defeat of Siena by its long-standing rival, Florence. It was located on the site of a previous fort, known as the Cittadella/Citadel, which had been built in 1548 on the orders of the Emperor Charles V after the city came under the control of Spain, subjected to the authority of the Spanish ambassador, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza. On 26 July 1552 the Sienese rose up against the Spanish, expelling them from the city and destroying the Cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equestrianism
Equestrianism (from Latin , , , 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as horse riding ( Commonwealth English) or horseback riding (American English), includes the disciplines of riding, driving, and vaulting. This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, and competitive sport. Overview of equestrian activities Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes, such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch. They are also used in competitive sports including dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving, and rodeo (see additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples). Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines. Horses (and other equids such as mules ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th Century
The 16th century began with the Julian calendar, Julian year 1501 (represented by the Roman numerals MDI) and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian calendar, Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the Copernican heliocentrism, heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the SN 1572, 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion of the new sciences, invented the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as (). In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as () or (). 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification (Risorgimento) and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered to be one of Italy's " fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso di Cavour, King Victor Emmanuel II and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe. Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic republican government. However, breaking with Mazzini, he pragmatically allied himself with the monarchist Cavour and Kingdom of Sardinia in the struggle for independence, subordinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raffaello Romanelli
Raffaello Romanelli (13 May 1856 – 3 April 1928) was an Italian sculptor, born in Florence, Italy. The son of Florentine sculptor Pasquale Romanelli, Raffaello is fore-mostly known for his monuments and portrait busts dedicated to noteworthy figures. He worked around the globe in America, Argentina, Austria, Cuba, England, France, Germany, Italy, Romania and Russia. Raffaello worked from two studios both located in the ‘Oltrarno’ district in Florence, initially from the family studio in Borgo San Frediano and then from a new one in Piazza Santo Spirito. Both studios were former churches: after being deconsecrated, they were converted into sculpture studios to make use of the ample space provided by the high ceilings. The atelier in Borgo San Frediano still houses the Romanelli Sculpture Studio and Gallery, an active studio with Raffaello's portraiture legacy being continued by his great-great-grandchildren. Personal life Childhood Born in Florence on May 13, 1856 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandro Chia
Sandro Chia (born 20 April 1946) is an Italian painter and sculptor. In the late 1970s and early 1980s he was, with Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi, Nicola De Maria, and Mimmo Paladino, a principal member of the Italian Neo-Expressionist movement which was baptised Transavanguardia by Achille Bonito Oliva. Life Chia was born in Florence, in Tuscany in central Italy, on 20 April 1946. He studied at the from 1962 to 1967, and then, until 1969, at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze. He then travelled in Europe, in Turkey and in India. He settled in Rome in 1970, and began to show work in the following year. He spent the winter of 1980–1981 in Mönchengladbach, in Nordrhein-Westfalen in West Germany, on a study grant. Later that year he moved to New York in the United States, where he lived for more than twenty years. In 1984–1985 he taught at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan. Work Chia's early work tended towards Conceptualism, but from the mid-1970s he bega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santo Stefano Alla Lizza
Santo Stefano alla Lizza is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic church located on Via dei Gazzani, at the corner with La Lizza, in the city of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino. Overview A Romanesque style building documented to exist since the 12th-century, was reconstructed in 1671–75. The façade is crowned with a tympanum with an oculus, and preceded by a flight of stairs in brick. The interior once housed a ''Madonna with child and Saints'' by Andrea Vanni and a complete predella by Giovanni di Paolo (six scenes from the ''Life of St Stephen'' with a central ''Crucifixion with Saints Jerome and Bernard''), now in the Baptistery of Siena. On the right altar was a ''Visitation'' by Rutilio Manetti (also in now kept in the Baptistery). The apse has a fragmentary ''Deposition'' by Antonio Buonfigli. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittorio Mariani
Vittorio Mariani (29 September 1859 – 15 March 1946) was an Italian architect, active mainly in his native Tuscany. Biography Born in Siena, Mariani graduated in architecture at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma, where he was a pupil of Giuseppe Partini. He designed numerous buildings in his native Siena, and contributed to the restoration and renovation of ancient palaces and churches in the old town, including the Rozzi Theatre (1894), San Mamiliano in Valli (1896), the Basilica of San Francesco (1903), Santa Maria della Scala (1905–09), Palazzo Salimbeni (1911–16) and the expansion of the San Niccolò Psychiatric Hospital (1914). In Grosseto, Mariani designed the Bastiani Grand Hotel (1910–12), the local headquarters of Monte dei Paschi (1912) and the Government Palace (1923–27). He also designed the Post Office Palaces in Siena (1908–12) and in Messina, Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
