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LEF (journal)
''LEF'' ("''ЛЕФ''") was the journal of the Left Front of the Arts ("Левый фронт искусств"''"Levy Front Iskusstv"''), a widely ranging association of avant-garde writers, photographers, critics and designers in the Soviet Union. It had two runs, one from 1923 to 1925 as LEF, and later from 1927 to 1929 as '' Novy LEF'' ('New LEF'). The journal's objective, as set out in one of its first issues, was to "re-examine the ideology and practices of so-called leftist art, and to abandon individualism to increase art's value for developing communism." Productivism Although ''LEF'' was catholic in its choices of writers, it broadly reflected the concerns of the Productivist left-wing of Constructivism. The editors were Osip Brik and Vladimir Mayakovsky: fittingly, one a Russian Formalist critic and one a poet and designer who helped compose the 1912 manifesto of Russian Futurists entitled, "A Slap in the Face of Public Taste". The covers were designed by Alexander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liubov Popova
Lyubov Sergeyevna Popova (; April 24, 1889 – May 25, 1924) was a Russian-Soviet avant-garde artist, painter and designer. Early life Popova was born in Ivanovskoe, near Moscow, to the wealthy family of Sergei Maximovich Popov, a very successful textile merchant and vigorous patron of the arts, and Lyubov Vasilievna Zubova, who came from a highly cultured family. Lyubov Sergeyevna had two brothers and a sister: Sergei was the eldest, then Lyubov, Pavel and Olga. Pavel became a philosopher and the guardian of his sister's artistic legacy.Dabrowski, M., ''Liubov Popova'', Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1991, p.122. Popova grew up with a strong interest in art, especially Italian Renaissance painting. At eleven years old she began formal art lessons at home. She was first enrolled in Yaltinskaia's Women's Gymnasium, then in Arseneva's Gymnasium in Moscow. By the age of 18 she was studying with Stanislav Zhukovsky, and in 1908 entered the private studios of Konstantin Yuon and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Pasternak
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (30 May 1960) was a Russian and Soviet poet, novelist, composer, and literary translator. Composed in 1917, Pasternak's first book of poems, ''My Sister, Life'', was published in Berlin in 1922 and soon became an important collection in the Russian language. Pasternak's translations of stage plays by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Calderón de la Barca and William Shakespeare, Shakespeare remain very popular with Russian audiences. Pasternak was the author of ''Doctor Zhivago (novel), Doctor Zhivago'' (1957), a novel that takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War. ''Doctor Zhivago'' was rejected for publication in the Soviet Union, USSR, but the manuscript was smuggled to Italy and was first published there in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958, an event that enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which forced him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Kušner
Boris Anisimovich Kushner (Russian: Борис Анисимович Кушнер; 1888–1937) was a Russian poet, critic and political activist. He was a publicist for the Cubo-Futurists Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is futures studies or futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities ...: In 1917 he wrote a manifesto, "Democratic Art", which called for a guarantee for all art movements to have a right to exist and the creation of an environment whereby fresh forces and views would be encouraged so that all works of art would be available to all people. He worked with Mayakovsky and Osip Brik in IZO-Narkompros. His association with Mayakovsky continued in LEF and Novy LEF. He was involved with OPOJAZ, (the Society for the Study of Poetic Language) and their formalist approach to understanding poetry. He saw the comparison of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Kruchyonykh
Aleksei Yeliseyevich Kruchyonykh (; 9 February 1886 – 17 June 1968). Original name at birth ( Ukrainian: Олексій Єлисейович Кручений) also romanized Kruchenykh due to confusion about , was a poet, artist, and theorist, perhaps one of the most radical poets of Russian Futurism, a movement that included Vladimir Mayakovsky, David Burliuk and others. Born in 1886, he lived in the time of the Russian Silver Age of literature, and together with Velimir Khlebnikov, another Russian Futurist, Kruchenykh is considered the inventor of ''zaum'', a poetry style utilising nonsense words. Kruchonykh wrote the libretto for the Futurist opera ''Victory Over the Sun'', with sets provided by Kazimir Malevich. In 1912, he wrote the poem ''Dyr bul shchyl''; four years later, in 1916, he created his most famous book, '' Universal War''. He is also known for his ''Declaration of the Word as Such'' (1913): "The worn-out, violated word "lily" is devoid of all expression. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Gastev
Aleksei Kapitonovich Gastev () (8 October 1882, Suzdal, Vladimir Governorate – 15 April 1939, Kommunarka, Moscow) was a Russian revolutionary, a pioneering theorist of the scientific management of labour in Soviet Russia, a trade-union activist, and an avant-garde writer and poet. His idea on labor management is one of the prototypes that Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin's novel '' We'' satirizes. Biography Youth of a revolutionary Aleksei Kapitonovich Gastev was born in the small central Russian town of Suzdal. He grew up in an idyllic neighbourhood with large cherry orchards a short distance from the centre of the town. The towns inhabitants were mostly artisans - cobblers, tailors, hatters, painters, etc. Gastev’s father Kapiton Vasilevich Gastev was a teacher, a school headmaster and an inventor. Among other things, he invented an electrical apparatus for the treatment of rheumatic ailments. He died when Alexei was two years old. Gastev's mother, Ekaterina Niko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Gan
Aleksei Mikhailovich Gan (Russian language, Russian: Алексей Михайлович Ган; born Imberkh; 1887 or 1893 – 8 September, 1942) was a Russian anarchist and later Marxism, Marxist avant-garde artist, art theorist and graphic designer. Gan was a key figure in the development of Constructivism (art), Constructivism after the Russian Revolution. Life Gan's involvement with creative activity began in 1917 when he became involved with the Moscow Union of Food Workers with whom he set up an amateur theatrical group. The group encompassed various political groupings and following the October Revolution, Bolshevik seizure of power, some joined the Red Army, others the Black Guards or affiliated to the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries. Gan reorganised the group as the Proletarian Theatre, which affiliated to the Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups. Gan was the first to write on art in the anarchist newspaper ''Anarkhiia'' (Anarchy) when it introduced an art section i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Chuzhak
Nikolai Fedorovich Chuzhak (; real surname Nasimovich, ; 20 August 1876, Nizhny Novgorod – 3 September 1937, St Petersburg) was a Russian people, Russian Bolshevik journalist, literary critic and art theorist.The Great Soviet Encyclopedia', 3rd Edition (1970-1979) Chuzhak was a son of a poor craftsman and violinist who was attracted to the social democratic movement in 1896. In 1904 he went to Geneva and became involved in the production of ''Proletarii''. He returned to Russia and involved himself in revolutionary politics in St Petersburg, attending the RSDLP conference for military and combat organizations held in Tampere in 1906. However he was arrested shortly afterwards and in 1908 he was exiled to Irkutsk. Following the February Revolution of 1917 he joined the unified committee of the RSDLP in Irkutsk and started editing ''Rabochaia Sibir’''. He remained in the Far East of Russia heading the Press department of the regional bureau of the RCP(B), editing ''Krasnoe znamia' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Arvatov
Boris Ignatievich Arvatov (Russian: Борис Игнатьевич Арватов; 3 June 1896, Vilkaviškis – 14 June 1940) was a Russian and Soviet artist and art critic. He was active in the constructivist movement. His father was a specialist in customs law. He had two brothers - Yuri Arvatov (1898–1937) and Vadim Arvatov. Arvatov was involved with the Institute of Artistic Culture (INKhUK) when it was founded in 1920 and was an active theorist and ideologist of the Proletkult. Here he met fellow theorists Osip Brik, Boris Kushner and Nikolai Tarabukin with whom he developed the productivist approach to the role of the 'artist', which they wanted to be orientated towards a more industrial approach aimed at producing socially useful objects. He was one of the founders of LEF. In 1923, he was diagnosed with psychological disorders linked to his experiences at the front, and interned in a psychiatric clinic. Nevertheless, Arvatov continued to publish assiduously througho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Vesnin
Alexander Aleksandrovich Vesnin (; 28 May 1883 – 7 September 1959), together with his brothers Leonid and Viktor, was a leading light of Constructivist architecture. He is best known for his meticulous perspectival drawings such as Leningrad Pravda' of 1924. In addition to being an architect, he was a theatre designer and painter, frequently working with Lyubov Popova on designs for workers' festivals, and for the theatre of Tairov. He was one of the exhibitors in the pioneering Constructivist exhibition 5×5=25 in 1921. He was the head, along with Moisei Ginzburg, of the Constructivist OSA Group. Among the completed buildings designed by the Vesnin brothers in the later 1920s were department stores, a club for former Tsarist political prisoners as well as the Likachev Works Palace of Culture in Moscow. Vesnin was a vocal supporter of the works of Le Corbusier, and acclaimed his Tsentrosoyuz building as 'the best building constructed in Moscow for a century'. After the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
