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L1 (other)
L1, L01, L.1, L 1 or L-1 may refer to: Mathematics, science and technology Math *L1 distance in mathematics, used in taxicab geometry * L1, the space of Lebesgue integrable functions * ℓ1, the space of absolutely convergent sequences *Lasso (statistics), a means of regression analysis used in statistics and machine learning Science *L1 family, a protein family of cell adhesion molecules *L1 (protein), a cell adhesion molecule *L1 or LINE1; transposable elements in the DNA *, Lagrangian point 1, the most intuitive position for an object to be gravitationally stationary relative to two larger objects (such as a satellite with respect to the Earth and Moon) *Anthranilic acid, also called vitamin L1 *The first lumbar vertebra of the vertebral column in human anatomy * The first larval stage in the ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' worm development Technology *L1, one of the frequencies used by GPS systems (see GPS frequencies) *L1, the common name for the Soviet space effor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxicab Geometry
A taxicab geometry or a Manhattan geometry is a geometry whose usual distance function or metric of Euclidean geometry is replaced by a new metric in which the distance between two points is the sum of the absolute differences of their Cartesian coordinates. The taxicab metric is also known as rectilinear distance, ''L''1 distance, ''L''1 distance or \ell_1 norm (see ''Lp'' space), snake distance, city block distance, Manhattan distance or Manhattan length. The latter names refer to the rectilinear street layout on the island of Manhattan, where the shortest path a taxi travels between two points is the sum of the absolute values of distances that it travels on avenues and on streets. The geometry has been used in regression analysis since the 18th century, and is often referred to as LASSO. The geometric interpretation dates to non-Euclidean geometry of the 19th century and is due to Hermann Minkowski. In \mathbb^2 , the taxicab distance between two points (x_1, y_1) and (x_2, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lufthansa Systems
Lufthansa Systems is an information technology service provider for the aviation industry. It has around 2,200 employees in several locations in Germany and offices in 16 other countries. The company is headquartered in Raunheim near Frankfurt. The company's portfolio includes "consulting, development and implementation of customized industry solutions as well as the operation of applications in the company's own data centers." In March 2015, Lufthansa Systems undertook a reorganization to reform into three operating units: Infrastructure, Airline Solutions (now known as "Lufthansa Systems") and Industry Solutions (now "Lufthansa Industry Solutions"). The Infrastructure unit, which employs about 1,400 people, has been sold to IBM, while the other two units were meant to remain as subsidiaries of the parent company Lufthansa. The Hungarian subsidiary, Lufthansa Systems Hungária Kft., was established in 1995 and employed 200 people as of 2005. History In 1995, Lufthansa Systems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soo Line L-1 Class
The Soo Line L-1 class was a class of ten 2-8-2 (Mikado) steam locomotives built by the American Locomotive Company in 1913 for the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway (“Soo Line”). Background Having acquired America's first Mikado (2-8-2) type when it merged the Bismarck, Great Falls and Washburn Railway in 1904, it was eight years before the Soo Line ordered a 2-8-2 of its own. Ten locomotives were ordered from the American Locomotive Company, and built by their Schenectady, New York plant in 1913. Service The L-1 class were used for powering time freights system wide on both the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie, and Wisconsin Central. They were assisted in that role by the 1920 arrival of the 25 L-2 and L-20 class Mikados in 1920, but were bumped into lesser roles with the arrival of the 21 N-20 class 4-8-2 Mountains in 1926–1930. The 1938 delivery of four O-20 class 4-8-4 Northern made little difference to the L-1 class since the former we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvania Railroad Class L1s
Class L1s on the Pennsylvania Railroad comprised 574 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotives constructed between 1914 and 1919 by the railroad's own Juniata Shops (344 examples) as well as the Baldwin Locomotive Works (205) and the Lima Locomotive Works (25). It was the largest class of 2-8-2 locomotives anywhere, although other railroads had more Mikados in total. The L1s shared the boiler and many other components with the K4s 4-6-2 "Pacific" type, giving a total of 425 locomotives with many standard parts. Although the L1s type was quite successful, it was very much eclipsed in PRR service by the larger and more powerful I1s/I1sa 2-10-0 "Decapods", which arrived in service only two years after the L1s and were very suited to the PRR's mountain grades and heavy coal and mineral trains, and by the 1923 introduction of the M1 4-8-2 "Mountains" which took on the best high-speed freight runs. Large numbers of the class were stored out of service during the Great Depression, only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Counties Committee
The Northern Counties Committee (NCC) was a railway that served the north-east of Ireland. It was built to Irish gauge () but later acquired a number of narrow gauge lines. It had its origins in the Belfast and Ballymena Railway that opened to traffic on 11 April 1848. The NCC itself was formed on 1 July 1903 as the result of the Midland Railway of England taking over the Belfast and Northern Counties Railway (BNCR), which the Belfast and Ballymena Railway had become. At the 1923 Grouping of British railway companies, the Committee became part of the London Midland & Scottish Railway (LMS). After the nationalisation of Britain's railways in 1948 the NCC was briefly part of the British Transport Commission, which sold it to the Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) in 1949. The BNCR and its successors recognised the potential value of tourism and were influential in its development throughout Northern Ireland. They were able to develop and exploit the advantages of the Larne – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNER Thompson Class L1
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Thompson Class L1 was a class of 2-6-4T steam locomotives designed by Edward Thompson. The prototype no. 9000 was built in 1945, but the remaining 99 were built under British Railways jurisdiction in the period 1948–1950. Overview The class, at least on paper, should have been very free steaming and powerful engines but, in practice, they were not suited to the work to which they were assigned. The engines had driving wheels, which would give them excellent power at low speed, such as that required for freight work, but these engines were intended for passenger use. The speeds required for suburban passenger work wore the engines out in a remarkably short time. Axleboxes, crosshead slides and crank bearings all suffered due to the high speeds. Accidents and incidents *On 19 November 1958, a freight train overran signals and was in a rear-end collision with another at Hitchin, Hertfordshire. A third freight train ran into the wr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNR Class L1
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Class L1 (LNER Class R1) was a 0-8-2T side tank steam locomotive designed by Henry Ivatt. It was originally designed for suburban passenger traffic on the Metropolitan City Lines. A prototype was built in 1903, but it was overweight, so it was rebuilt with a smaller boiler and shorter side tanks. Ten more engines were then built to this modified design. During the "small boiler" era, the cylinders were lined to 18" to match the boilers. In 1905 and 1906, thirty more engines were built for working goods trains in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The original eleven engines were not a great success on passenger services so, in 1907, they were moved to the West Riding for goods work. Condensing apparatus The first eleven locomotives were fitted with condensing apparatus for working in tunnels. The thirty built for the West Riding were probably not so fitted, but this is subject to confirmation. It is not known whether the condensing apparatus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GCR Class 1B
The GCR Class 1B was a class of 2-6-4T (tank) locomotives on the Great Central Railway. They were notable as the first locomotives of the 2-6-4T (or ''Adriatic'') wheel arrangement to be used by a British standard-gauge railway; there had been two narrow-gauge examples on the Leek & Manifold Valley Light Railway since 1904. History In 1906, the Great Central Railway (GCR) had inherited nine 0-6-4T locomotives from the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway (LD&EC), of class D (LNER class M1). These had been designed to the specifications of Robert A. Thom, the locomotive superintendent of the LD&EC, for hauling coal trains from northern Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire to the docks at Grimsby. They were built by Kitson & Co in 1904 and 1906, and performed well. When further locomotives were required for similar duties, opportunity was taken to produce an updated design. The 1B class locomotives were designed by the GCR's locomotive superintendent John G. Robinson, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erie L-1
The three L-1 0-8-8-0 steam locomotives of the Erie Railroad, built in July 1907 by ALCO, and numbered 2600, 2601 and 2602 (ALCo construction numbers 42269, 42270 and 42271 respectively); were unique in that they were the only articulated camelback locomotives ever built. When built in 1907, they were the largest steam locomotives in the world as the locomotive itself weighed 410,000 pounds (260 tons). The L-1 Class was also called the "Angus" Type in homage to Angus Sinclair, who was the publisher of Railway & Locomotive Engineering, a leading trade journal. A rarely seen photograph of #2602 shows his name under the windows on the cab sides. The use of an intercepting valve allowed the locomotive to be used in simple or single expansion steam capacity. This meant that if desired, high pressure steam could be supplied to the front and rear cylinder groups for additional power at the cost of exhausting the boiler of steam pressure quicker. These locomotives were built for "push ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle
The L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle, officially "Rifle, 7.62mm, L1A1", also known just as the SLR (Self-Loading Rifle), by the Canadian Army designation C1A1 (C1) or in the US as the "inch pattern" FAL,Especially on the American surplus market. is a British version of the FN FAL battle rifle produced by the Belgian armaments manufacturer FN Herstal. The L1A1 was produced under licence and has seen use in the Australian Army, Canadian Army, Indian Army, Jamaica Defence Force, Malaysian Army, New Zealand Army, Rhodesian Army, Singapore Army and the British Armed Forces. The original FAL was designed in Belgium, while the components of the "inch-pattern" FALs are manufactured to a slightly modified design using British imperial units. Many sub-assemblies are interchangeable between the two types, while components of those sub-assemblies may not be compatible. Notable incompatibilities include the magazines and the butt-stock, which attach in different ways. Most FALs also use SAE threads f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkswagen L1
The Volkswagen XL1 (VW 1-litre) is a two-person limited production diesel-powered plug-in hybrid produced by Volkswagen. The XL1 car was designed to be able to travel 100 km on 1 litre of diesel (), while being both roadworthy and practical. To achieve such economy, it was produced with lightweight materials, a streamlined body and an engine and transmission designed and tuned for economy. The concept car was modified first in 2009 as the L1 and again in 2011 as the XL1. A limited production of 250 units began by mid 2013 and pricing started at (~ ). The Volkswagen XL1 plug-in diesel-electric hybrid was available only in Europe and its 5.5 kWh lithium-ion battery delivered an all-electric range of , had a fuel economy of under the NEDC cycle and produced emissions of 21 g/km of . The XL1 was released to retail customers in Germany in June 2014. History Prototype The prototype VW 1-litre concept car was shown to the public in April 2002 when Ferdinand Piëch, then ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L1 (New York City Bus)
The 14th Street Tunnel shutdown (also referred to as the L Project, the L train shutdown, or the Canarsie Tunnel reconstruction) was the partial closure and reconstruction of the New York City Subway's 14th Street Tunnel that took place from April 2019 to April 2020. The tunnel carries the BMT Canarsie Line (serving the ) under the East River in New York City, connecting the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan, and is used by an average of 225,000 passengers per weekday. A key segment of the 14th Street Tunnel, between the Bedford Avenue station in Brooklyn and the First Avenue station in Manhattan, would be partially closed for 15 to 20 months to allow for necessary and extensive repairs to the underwater tubes after it was flooded and severely damaged during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Two options were proposed in 2016: a three-year construction period where one tube at a time would be closed or an 18-month closure where both tubes would be worked on simultaneously. The Metrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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