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K饾紕始
The velar lateral ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication, spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (extIPA; strict IPA: ). It is found in two forms in Archi language, Archi, a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, plain and labialisation, labialized . It is further forward than velar consonant, velars in most languages, and might better be called ''prevelar''. Archi also has voiceless velar lateral affricate, voiceless (pulmonic sounds, pulmonic) variants of its lateral affricates, several voiceless velar lateral fricative, voiceless lateral fricatives, and a voiced velar lateral fricative, voiced lateral fricative at the same place of articulation, but no alveolar consonant, alveolar lateral fricatives or affricate consonant, affricates. is also found as an allophone of (ejective after a nasal) in Zulu language, Zulu and Xhosa language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h sound, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Examples are and [b], pronounced with the lips; and [d], pronounced with the front of the tongue; and [g], pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced throughout the vocal tract; , [v], , and [z] pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and and , which have air flowing through the nose (nasal consonant, nasals). Most consonants are Pulmonic consonant, pulmonic, using air pressure from the lungs to generate a sound. Very few natural languages are non-pulmonic, making use of Ejective consonant, ejectives, Implosive consonant, implosives, and Click consonant, clicks. Contrasting with consonants are vowels. Since the number of speech sounds in the world's languages is much greater than the number of letters in any one alphabet, Linguis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allophone
In phonology, an allophone (; from the Greek , , 'other' and , , 'voice, sound') is one of multiple possible spoken soundsor '' phones''used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language. For example, in English, the voiceless plosive (as in ''stop'' ) and the aspirated form (as in ''top'' ) are allophones for the phoneme , while these two are considered to be different phonemes in some languages such as Central Thai. Similarly, in Spanish, (as in ''dolor'' ) and (as in ''nada'' ) are allophones for the phoneme , while these two are considered to be different phonemes in English (as in the difference between ''dare'' and ''there''). The specific allophone selected in a given situation is often predictable from the phonetic context, with such allophones being called positional variants, but some allophones occur in free variation. Replacing a sound by another allophone of the same phoneme usually does not change the meaning of a word, but the result may sound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zulu Alphabet
Zulu ( ), or isiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in, and indigenous to, Southern Africa. Nguni dialects are regional or social varieties of the Nguni language, distinguished by vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, and other linguistic features. So, Zulu is one of the Nguni dialects which is spoken by the Zulu people, with about 13.56 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The word "KwaZulu-Natal" translates into English as "Home of the Zulu Nation is Natal". Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994. According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet. In South African English, the language is often referred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
莵Xegwi Language
莵Xegwi (pronounced ), also known as ''Batwa,'' is an extinct 莾Kwi language spoken at Lake Chrissie in South Africa, near the Swazi border. The last known speaker, Jopi Mabinda, was murdered in 1988. However, a reporter for the South African newspaper ''Mail & Guardian'' reports that 莵Xegwi may still be spoken in the Chrissiesmeer district. The 莵Xegwi name for their language has been spelled ''gi莵kwi隇塯wi'' or ''ki莵kwi隇塯wi.'' Their name for themselves has been transcribed ''tlou tle'' or ''kxlou-kxle'', presumably . The Nguni (Zulu and Swazi) called them ''(a)batwa, amaNkqeshe, amaNgqwigqwi''; the Sotho called them ''Baroa/Barwa''. Phonology 莵Xegwi lost the abrupt clicks (the various manners of 莻 and 莾) found in its relatives. It reacquired from Nguni Bantu languages, but clicks remained relatively infrequent, compared to other Tuu languages. It also had a series of uvular plosives In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandawe Language
Sandawe is a language spoken by about 60,000 Sandawe people in the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. Sandawe's use of click consonants, a rare feature shared with only two other languages of East Africa, Hadza language, Hadza and Dahalo language, Dahalo, had been the basis of its classification as a member of the defunct Khoisan languages, Khoisan family of Southern Africa since Albert Drexel in the 1920s. It has been suggested, however, that Sandawe may be related to the Khoe languages, Khoe family, regardless of the validity of Khoisan as a whole (G眉ldemann 2010). A discussion of the linguistic classification of Sandawe can be found in Sands (1998). Language use is vigorous among both adults and children, with people in some areas monolingual. Sandawe has two dialects, northwest and southeast. Differences include speaking speed, vowel dropping, some word taboo, and minor lexical and grammatical differences. Some Alagwa people, Alagwa have shifted to Sandawe, and are considered a Sanda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoekhoe Language
Khoekhoe or Khoikhoi ( ; , ), also known by the ethnic terms Nama ( ; ''Namagowab''), Damara (''莻N奴khoegowab''), or Nama/Damara and formerly as Hottentot, is the most widespread of the non- Bantu languages of Southern Africa that make heavy use of click consonants and therefore were formerly classified as Khoisan, a grouping now recognized as obsolete. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa primarily by three ethnic groups: Namakhoen, 莻N奴khoen, and Hai莵omkhoen. History The Hai莵om, who had spoken a Juu language, later shifted to Khoekhoe. The name for the speakers, '' Khoekhoen'', is from the word ''khoe'' "person", with reduplication and the suffix ''-n'' to indicate the general plural. Georg Friedrich Wreede was the first European to study the language, after arriving in 莵Hui!gaeb (later Cape Town) in 1659. Status Khoekhoe is a national language in Namibia. In Namibia and South Africa, state-owned broadcas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwe Language
Khwe (also rendered ''Kxoe, Khoe'' ) is a dialect continuum of the Khoe branch of the Khoe-Kwadi family of Namibia, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, and parts of Zambia, with some 8,000 speakers. Classification Khwe is a member of the Khoe branch of the larger Khoe-Kwadi language family. In 2000, the meeting of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in South Africa (WIMSA) produced the Penduka Declaration on the Standardisation of Ju and Khoe Languages, which recommends Khwe be classified as part of the Central Khoe-San family, a cluster language comprising Khwe, 莵Ani and Buga. ''Khwe'' is the preferred spelling as recommended by the Penduka Declaration, but the language is also referred to as ''Kxoe'', ''Khoe-dam'' and ''Khwedam''. ''Barakwena, Barakwengo'' and ''Mbarakwena'' refer to speakers of the language and are considered pejorative. Other names and spellings of 莵Ani include ''莯岐禔nda, G莯anda, Hand谩, Gani'' and ''Tanne'' with various combinations of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G莯ui Dialect
G莯ui or G莯wi (pronounced in English, and also spelled ''莯Gwi, 莯岐禪i, Dcui, Gcwi,'' or ''Cgui'') is a Khoe dialect of Botswana with 2,500 speakers (2004 Cook). It is part of the G莵ana dialect cluster, and is closely related to Naro. It has a number of loan words from 莻始Amkoe. G莯ui, 莻始Amkoe, and Taa form the core of the Kalahari Basin sprachbund, and share a number of characteristic features, including extremely large consonant inventories. Phonology G莯ui has 93 consonants (with 56 clicks) or 52 consonants (and 20 clicks), depending on analysis. There are ten vowels, and two to six tones, again depending on analysis. Clicks G莯ui has 24 simple click consonants, plus complex clicks variously analyzed as consonant clusters or airstream contours. As with many of the Tshu鈥揔hwe languages, clicks have lost some of their importance under the influence of neighboring Bantu languages. Many words which previously began with clicks (as shown by cognates in related langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G莵ana Language
G莵ana (pronounced in English, and also spelled ''莵Gana, 莵岐禔na, Gxana, Dxana, Xgana'') is a Khoe dialect cluster of Botswana. It is closely related to Naro Naro ( ) is a ''comune'' in the province of Agrigento, on the island of Sicily, Italy. It is bounded by the comuni of Agrigento, Caltanissetta, Camastra, Campobello di Licata, Canicatt矛, Castrofilippo, Delia, Favara, Licata, Palma di ..., and includes the well-known dialect G莯wi, which has the majority of speakers. The double pipe at the beginning of the name "G莵ana" represents a click like the English interjection used when saying ''giddy-ap'' to a horse. For the clicks and other sounds found in G莵ana, see G莯wi dialect. Dialects * G莯wi *Domkhoe *G莵aa(khwe) *K莯hess谩khoe References Sources * Brenzinger, Matthias (2011) "The twelve modern Khoisan languages." In Witzlack-Makarevich & Ernszt (eds.), ''Khoisan languages and linguistics: proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Riezlern / ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taa Language
Taa ( ), also known as 莾X贸玫 ( ; ; also spelled 莾Khong and 莾Xoon), formerly called by the dialect name 莻Hoan, thus also known as Western 莻Hoan, is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants, with one count finding that 82% of basic vocabulary items started with a click. Most speakers live in Botswana, but a few hundred live in Namibia. The people call themselves 莾Xoon (pl. 莾Xoo艐ake) or 始N莯ohan (pl. N莯umde), depending on the dialect they speak. The Tuu languages are one of the three traditional language families that make up the Khoisan languages. In 2011, there were around 2,500 speakers of Taa. is the word for 'human being'; the local name of the language is , from 'language'. (莾X贸玫) is an ethnonym used at opposite ends of the Taa-speaking area, but not by Taa speakers in between. Most living Taa speakers are ethnic 莾Xoon ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadza Language
Hadza is a language isolate spoken along the shores of Lake Eyasi in Tanzania by around 1,000 Hadza people, who include in their number the last full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa. It is one of only three languages in East Africa with click consonants. Despite the small number of speakers, language use is vigorous, with most children learning it, but UNESCO categorizes the language as vulnerable. Name The Hadza go by several names in the literature. ''Hadza'' itself means "human being." ''Hazabee'' is the plural, and ''Hazaphii'' means "they are men." ''Hatza'' and ''Hatsa'' are older German spellings. The language is sometimes distinguished as ''Hazane,'' "of the Hadza". ''Tindiga'' is from Swahili ''watindiga'' "people of the marsh grass" (from the large spring in Mangola) and ''kitindiga'' (their language). ''Kindiga'' is apparently a form of the same from one of the local Bantu languages, presumably Isanzu. ''Kangeju'' (pronounced ''Kangeyu'') is an obsolete German name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
