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Kürkçü Han
The Kürkçü Han () is a large historic ''han'' (caravanserai) in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded by Mahmud Pasha Angelović, Mahmud Pasha, the grand vizier of Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmet II, it was completed in 1467 and is the oldest surviving caravanserai in the city, although it has been modified, partly ruined, and renovated over the centuries. Historical background The ''han'' is located in the central historic market district that extends from the Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Grand Bazaar to the Eminönü neighbourhood on the shore of the Golden Horn. Since the founding of the first ''bedesten'' by Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmet II between 1456 and 1461, the Grand Bazaar developed into the city's main hub of international trade, spawning entire districts of shops, warehouses, and merchant lodgings. A ''han'', a type of urban caravanserai, was a common type of commercial structure in Ottoman architecture (and more broadly in Islamic architecture, Islamic-world architecture) which serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Architecture
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. It encompasses both Secularity, secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day. The Muslim world, Islamic world encompasses a wide geographic area historically ranging from western Africa and Europe to eastern Asia. Certain commonalities are shared by Islamic architectural styles across all these regions, but over time different regions developed their own styles according to local materials and techniques, local dynasties and patrons, different regional centers of artistic production, and sometimes Islamic schools and branches, different religious affiliations. Early Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman architecture, Roman, Byzantine architecture, Byzantine, Iranian architecture, Iranian, and Architecture of Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian architecture and all other lands which the early Muslim conquests conquered in the seventh and eighth centuries.: "As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Büyük Valide Han
The Büyük Valide Han () is the largest historic ''han'' (caravanserai) in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded in 1651 by Kösem Sultan, Kösem Valide Sultan, the mother of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultans Murad IV, Murat IV and Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim. History The ''han'' is located in the central historic market district that extends from the Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Grand Bazaar to the Eminönü neighbourhood on the shore of the Golden Horn. Since the founding of the first ''bedesten'' by Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmet II in the mid-15th century, the Grand Bazaar developed into the city's main hub of international trade, spawning entire districts of shops, warehouses, and merchant lodgings. A ''han'', a type of urban caravanserai, was a common type of commercial structure in Ottoman architecture (and more broadly in Islamic architecture, Islamic-world architecture) which served a number of functions including lodging for foreign merchants, storage for goods or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renting
Renting, also known as hiring or letting, is an agreement where a payment is made for the use of a good, service or property owned by another over a fixed period of time. To maintain such an agreement, a rental agreement (or lease) is signed to establish the roles and expectations of both the tenant and landlord. There are many different types of leases. The type and terms of a lease are decided by the landlord and agreed upon by the renting tenant. History Various types of rent are referenced in Roman law: rent (''canon'') under the long leasehold tenure of Emphyteusis; rent (''reditus'') of a farm; ground-rent (''solarium''); rent of state lands (''vectigal''); and the annual rent (''prensio'') payable for the ''jus superficiarum'' or right to the perpetual enjoyment of anything built on the surface of land. Reasons for renting There are many possible reasons for renting instead of buying, for example: *In many jurisdictions (including India, Spain, Australia, Unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmut Pasha Hamam
The Mahmut Pasha Hamam () is a historic Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Hammam (bath), hamam (Public bathing, public bathhouse) in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded by Mahmud Pasha Angelović, Mahmud Pasha, the grand vizier of Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmet II, it was completed in 1466 and is one of the oldest surviving bathhouse structures in the city. It was part of the complex of the Mahmut Pasha Mosque, Eminönü, Mahmud Pasha Mosque, located northeast of the Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Grand Bazaar. After suffering damage over time, it was restored in the 20th century and now serves as a local Shopping center, shopping centre. History The hamam is part of a ''külliye,'' a religious and charitable complex that was founded by Mahmud Pasha Angelović, Mahmud Pasha, the grand vizier of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmet II Fatih "the Conqueror". The main part of the complex, the Mahmut Pasha Mosque, Eminönü, Mahmut Pasha Mosque, was completed in 1464 and is one of the earliest Ottoman architectur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Bath
A hammam (), also often called a Turkish bath by Westerners, is a type of steam bath or a place of public bathing associated with the Islamic world. It is a prominent feature in the culture of the Muslim world and was inherited from the model of the Roman ''thermae.'' Muslim bathhouses or hammams were historically found across the Middle East, North Africa, al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia, i.e. Spain and Portugal), Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and in Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule. In Islamic cultures the significance of the hammam was both religious and civic: it provided for the needs of ritual ablutions but also provided for general hygiene in an era before private plumbing and served other social functions such as offering a gendered meeting place for men and for women. Archeological remains attest to the existence of bathhouses in the Islamic world as early as the Umayyad period (7th–8th centuries) and their importance has persisted up to modern times. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Financial Endowment
A financial endowment is a legal structure for managing, and in many cases indefinitely perpetuating, a pool of Financial instrument, financial, real estate, or other investments for a specific purpose according to Donor intent, the will of its founders and donors. Endowments are often structured so that the inflation-adjusted principal (finance), principal or "corpus" value is kept intact, while a portion of the fund can be (and in some cases must be) spent each year, utilizing a prudent spending policy. Endowments are often governed and managed either as a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit corporation, a charitable foundation, or a private foundation that, while serving a good cause, might not qualify as a public charity. In some jurisdictions, it is common for endowed funds to be established as a trust (law), trust independent of the organizations and the causes the endowment is meant to serve. Institutions that commonly manage endowments include academic institutions (e.g., co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waqf
A (; , plural ), also called a (, plural or ), or ''mortmain'' property, is an Alienation (property law), inalienable charitable financial endowment, endowment under Sharia, Islamic law. It typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets. A charitable trust may hold the donated assets. The person making such dedication is known as a ('donor') who uses a ''mutawalli'' ('trustee') to manage the property in exchange for a share of the revenues it generates. A waqf allows the state to provide social services in accordance with Islamic law while contributing to the preservation of cultural and historical sites. Although the system depended on several hadiths and presented elements similar to practices from pre-Islamic cultures, it seems that the specific full-fledged Islamic legal form of financial endowment, endowment called dates from the 9th century CE (see below ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmut Pasha Mosque, Eminönü
The Mahmut Pasha Mosque () is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque near the Grand Bazaar in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. History The mosque was commissioned by the Greek Mahmud Pasha, the grand vizier of Sultan Mehmet II, who converted to Islam. Completed in 1464, it was one of the first buildings within the city walls built specifically as a mosque. Up to that time, most of the early mosques in the city were converted Byzantine churches. The ''waqf'' ( endowment) of the mosque and its associated charitable buildings was quite extensive, covering a number of different buildings across the surrounding district. This suggests that Mehmet II may have entrusted Mahmud Pasha with developing this district near the commercial heart of the city, just east and north of the area which would become the Grand Bazaar. The mosque was thus the centrepiece of this development. The mosque was completely restored and reopened in 2021. Restoration of the tomb was ongoing in 2022. Archite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Külliye
A külliye () is a complex of buildings associated with Turkish architecture centered on a mosque and managed within a single institution, often based on a waqf (charitable foundation) and composed of a madrasa, a Dar al-Shifa (clinic), kitchens, bakery, hammam, other buildings for various charitable services for the community and further annexes. The tradition of külliye is particularly marked in Turkish architecture, starting in Anatolian Seljuk architecture, Seljuq, then especially in Ottoman architecture, Ottoman, and also in Timurid architecture, Timurid architectural legacies., pages 200–205 The word is derived from Turkish , meaning "complete". History The külliye concept is based on the earliest form of the mosque. The mosque was not only used as a house of praying but also as a place for eating, teaching and as a hostel for the poor. The structure of the külliye derived from such concept. Instead of using one mosque for various services, other buildings were built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Architecture
Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century and developed from earlier Anatolian Seljuk architecture, Seljuk Turkish architecture, with influences from Byzantine architecture, Byzantine and Iranian architecture, Iranian architecture along with other architectural traditions in the Middle East. Early Ottoman architecture experimented with multiple building types over the course of the 13th to 15th centuries, progressively evolving into the Classical Ottoman architecture, classical Ottoman style of the 16th and 17th centuries. This style was a mixture of native Turkish tradition and influences from the Hagia Sophia, resulting in monumental mosque buildings focused around a high central dome with a varying number of semi-domes. The most important architect of the classical period is Mimar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
