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Kyi, Shchek And Khoryv
Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv were three legendary brothersoften mentioned along with their sister Lybеd who, according to the ''Primary Chronicle'', founded the city of Kiev (modern Kyiv), which eventually became the capital of Kievan Rus', and is the present-day capital of Ukraine. There is no precise and historically established information about the existence of the four legendary siblings and the establishment of the city of Kiev. Oleh Yastrubov. "And gave it its name Kyiv"'. Newspaper "Den". 14 July 2006. It has been claimed by some scholars that Kyi was also a prince (''knyaz'') and founded the so-called Kyi dynasty, from the Slavic tribe of Polans. Historical background In the ''Primary Chronicle'' ( 1110s), written by a monk of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (traditionally attributed to Nestor), a special place is held by the legend of the foundation of Kiev by three brothers. Nestor places those brothers onto various hills of Kyiv. Geographically, the Old Town is located on a hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Likhachov
Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachev (, also spelled ''Dmitrii Likhachev'' or ''Dmitry Likhachov''; – 30 September 1999) was a Russian medievalist, linguist, and a former inmate of Gulag. During his lifetime, Likhachev was considered the world's foremost scholar of the Old Russian language and its literature. He was revered as "the last of old St Petersburgers", and as "a guardian of national culture". Due to his high profile as a Soviet dissident writer, social critic, and activist during his later life, Likhachev was often referred to as "Russia's conscience". Life and career Childhood and concentration camp (1906 – 1931) Dmitry Likhachev was born in Saint Petersburg. From his early childhood he had a passion for literature, even though his parents did not approve of this interest. In a 1987 interview with David Remnick, Likhachev recalled how he had, "watched the February and October Revolutions from his window."David Remnick (1994), ''Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derevlians
The Drevlians, Derevlians or Derevlianians ( or , ) were a tribe of East Slavs between the 6th and the 10th centuries, which inhabited the territories of Polesia and right-bank Ukraine, west of the Polans (eastern), eastern Polans and along the lower reaches of the rivers Teteriv, Uzh (Pripyat), Uzh, Ubort, and Stsviha. To the west, the Drevlians' territories reached the Sluch (Ukraine), Sluch River, where the Volhynians (related to the territory of Volhynia) and Buzhans (related to the name of Southern Bug) lived. To the north, the Drevlians' neighbors were the Dregoviches. Etymology Their name is derived from Slavic ''drevo/древо'' or ''derevo/дерево'', meaning "wood" and "tree", because they lived in the forests. Their name may be rendered "the dwellers in the forest". They possibly were mentioned as ''Forsderen-Liudi'' by Bavarian Geographer in the 9th century. The ''Primary Chronicle'' (PVL) mentioned that those Slavs who settled in open fields had been called '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsargrad
''Tsarigrad'' or ''Tsargorod'', also ''Czargrad'' and ''Tzargrad'', is a Slavic name for the city or land of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul in Turkey), the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Variations The terms ''Tsargrad'', ''Tsarigrad'', ''Tsargorod'', etc. are rendered in several ways depending on the language, for instance: * ; * ; * ; * ; * ; * South Slavic languages: ''Carigrad'' / ''Tsarigrad'' or Цариград, depending on their alphabets; * ; * ; * . ''Tsargrad'' is an Old Church Slavonic translation of the Greek Βασιλὶς Πόλις. Combining the Slavonic words ''tsar'' for "caesar / emperor" and ''grad'' for "city", it meant "imperial city". According to Per Thomsen, the Old East Slavic form influenced an Old Norse appellation of Constantinople, ''Miklagard'' (Мikligarðr). Usage in Russian In the Russian language, the term ''Tsargrad'' became an important piece of vocabulary in the political ideologies of Panslavists, Orthodox Christian fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textual Variants In The Primary Chronicle
Textual variants in the ''Primary Chronicle'' manuscripts of the Kievan Rus' arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism (or textology) of the ''Primary Chronicle'' or ''Tale of Bygone Years'' (, commonly abbreviated PVL) has included study of its textual variants. Legend Frequently used sigla (scribal symbols and abbreviations) of ''Primary Chronicle'' manuscripts and editions include: File:Лаврентіївський літопис.pdf, page=8, '' Laurentian Codex''(click for full PDF) File:Hypatian Codex.pdf, page=9, ''Hypatian Codex''(click for full PDF) File:Радзивіллівський літопис.pdf, page=3, ''Radziwiłł Chronicle''(click for full PDF) File:Moscow Academic Chronicle.pdf, page=5, ''Academic Chronicle''(click for full PDF) File:Khlebnikov Codex.pdf, page=4, '' Khlebnikov Codex''(click for full PDF) ; Critical editions * ''Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypatian Codex
The ''Hypatian Codex'', also known as Hypatian Letopis or Ipatiev Letopis, is a compendium of three Rus' chronicle, Rus' chronicles: the ''Primary Chronicle'', ''Kievan Chronicle'' and ''Galician-Volhynian Chronicle''. It is the most important source of historical data about Kievan Rus'. The language of this work is Old Church Slavonic with many East Slavic languages, East Slavisms. Provenance The codex was discovered in Ukraine in 1617 by Zacharias Kopystensky, and was then copied by monks in 1621. The codex later known as the ''Hypatian Codex'' was most likely acquired from the Ipatievsky Monastery (Hypatian Monastery) in Kostroma on 15 May 1767. This would have happened during the May–June 1767 Volga voyage of Empress Catherine the Great, Catherine II (), who was highly interested in reading Rus' chronicles, and collecting them all at the capital city of Saint Petersburg (one of the goals of her voyage). Count Vladimir Grigorievich Orlov (1743–1831), then director of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurentian Codex
Laurentian Codex or Laurentian Letopis () is a collection of chronicles that includes the oldest extant version of the ''Primary Chronicle'' and its continuations, mostly relating the events in the northeastern Rus' principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal. Compilation The codex was not just copied by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius commissioned by Dionysius of Suzdal in 1377. The original text on events from 1284 to 1305 was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Duke Mikhail of Tver in 1305, but Laurentius re-edited the presentation of Yuri Vsevolodovich, the founder of Nizhny Novgorod, from positive into a negative, partly rehabilitating the role of Tatars. Vasily Komarovich (1976) studied traces of changes within the manuscript and established a hypothesis about differences between Laurentius' version and the lost one of the Tver chronicle. Contents The Laurentian Codex compiled several codices of the Vladimir chronicles. * Laurentian text of the ''Primary Chronicle'', which c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Długosz
Jan Długosz (; 1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as Johannes Longinus, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków. He is considered Poland's first historian.Isayevych, Ya. Jan Długosz (ДЛУГОШ ЯН)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2004 Life Jan Długosz is best known for his (''Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae'') in 12 volumes and originally written in Latin, covering events throughout southeastern and western Europe, from 965 to 1480, the year he died. Długosz combined features of Medieval chronicles with elements of humanistic historiography. For writing the history of the Kingdom of Poland, Długosz also used Ruthenian chronicles including those that did not survive to our times (among which there could have been used the Kyiv collection of chronicles of the 11th century in the Przemysl's edition around 1100 and the Przemysl episcopal collections of 1225–40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khazars
The Khazars ; 突厥可薩 ''Tūjué Kěsà'', () were a nomadic Turkic people who, in the late 6th century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan. They created what, for its duration, was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (–965), the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus. Khazaria long served as a buffer state between the Byzantine Empire, the nomads of the northern steppes, and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Askold And Dir
Askold and Dir (''Haskuldr'' or ''Hǫskuldr'' and ''Dyr'' or ''Djur'' in Old Norse; died in 882), mentioned in both the ''Primary Chronicle'', the ''Novgorod First Chronicle'', and the ''Nikon Chronicle'', were the earliest known rulers of Kiev. The name Askold Askold Also — ''Oskold'', ''Oskol'd'', ''Oskolod''. (''Осколд'', ''Оскольд'', ''Осколод'') There are several versions of the origin of the name Askold. The most likely version interprets it as the Norse name Haskuldr or Höskuldr. However, the spelling Askold may only be a change in the Scandinavian manner (similar to Vytautas – Vitold)." According to professor Igor Danilevsky, who is a specialist on the history of Kievan Rus, the Scandinavian origin of the name is certain and it has long been proved. G. Magner defended the theory of the Slavic origin of the name, deriving it from the word "skoldyryt" – to accumulate. Other supporters of the theory of Slavic origin saw in the word the ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Rybakov
Boris Aleksandrovich Rybakov (; 3 June 1908, Moscow – 27 December 2001, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian archeologist and historian. He was one of the main proponents of anti-Normanist vision of Russian history. He is the father of Indologist Rostislav Rybakov. Life and works Rybakov held a chair in Russian history at the Moscow University since 1939, was a deputy dean of the university in 1952–54, and administered the Russian History Institute more than 40 years. In 1954, Rybakov and Andrey Kursanov represented the Soviet Academy of Sciences at the Columbia University Bicentennial in New York City. His first groundbreaking monograph was the ''Handicrafts of Ancient Rus'' (1948), which sought to demonstrate the economic superiority of Kievan Rus to contemporary Western Europe. Rybakov led important excavations in Moscow, Novgorod, Zvenigorod, Chernihiv, Pereiaslav, Tmutarakan and Putyvl and published his findings in numerous monographs, including ''Antiquitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khazar Empire
The Khazars ; 突厥可薩 ''Tūjué Kěsà'', () were a nomadic Turkic people who, in the late 6th century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan. They created what, for its duration, was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (–965), the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus. Khazaria long served as a buffer state between the Byzantine Empire, the nomads of the northern steppes, and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
