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Kuznitsa
Kuznitsa (English: Forge or Smithy) was a Soviet literary association which existed from 1920 to 1932. Biography The Kuznitsa association consisted of proletarian writers who emerged from Proletkult in January 1920. Among them were Sergei Obradovic, Mikhail Gerasimov (poet), Mikhail Gerasimov, Vasily Aleksandrovsky and Grigory Sannikov. Later they were joined by Sergey Rodov, Vladimir Kirillov, Nikoaly Poletaev, V. Kazin, Ivan Filipchenko, Grigory Nikiforov and Fedor Vasyunin (Kamanin). In May 1920 they founded the magazine "Kuznitsa" (published until 1922) and in December 1920 they chose this name for their group. From the very beginning, the group opposed itself to pre-revolutionary literary movements and schools - Symbolism (arts), symbolism, futurism, imagism. The participants of the "Forge" in their Manifestos declared the primacy of class, proletarian literature, a departure in poetry from "bourgeois" content, compressed by the formal framework of verse, to the exact expres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Gerasimov (poet)
Mikhail Prokofyevich Gerasimov ( rus, Михаи́л Проко́фьевич Гера́симов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil prɐˈkofʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ɡʲɪˈrasʲɪməf, a=Mihail Prokof'yevich Gyerasimov.ru.vorb.oga; 12 October 1889, Buguruslan – 26 June 1939, Moscow) was one of the most widely read working-class poets in early-twentieth-century Russia. Initially embracing the Bolshevik Revolution as a liberating event and participating in the effort to create a new proletarian culture, following the New Economic Policy he became disillusioned and was imprisoned during the Joseph Stalin era. Early life Mikhail Gerasimov was born on 30 September (12 October O.S.) 1889 in the village of Petrovka, near the town of Buguruslan, in Samara province in the Volga region of Russia. His father was a railway worker and crossing guard. His mother was of peasant origin. Starting at the age of nine, Gerasimov began helping out around the railroad, pulling weeds near the tracks. In the winter months he at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Kirillov
Vladimir Timofeïevitch Kirillov ( rus, Влад′имир Тимоф′еевич Кир′иллов) (2 October 1889, in Kharino, Smolensk Governorate – 16 July 1937, in Moscow) was a Russian proletarian poet associated with Proletkult. Kirillov was born into peasantry and was active in the revolutionary movement from 1904. He was first published in 1913 and mostly wrote for working class publications. In 1918 he was elected to the national praesidium of ProletkultMally L. (2000), ''Revolutionary Acts: Amateur Theater and the Soviet State, 1917-1938.'' Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. and also became active in Kuznitsa. He opposed the introduction of the New Economic Policy and left the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik) in 1921. He became one of the victims of the Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Bakhmetyev
Vladimir Matveevich Bakhmetyev (Russian: Владимир Матвеевич Бахметьев; 14 August 1885 – 16 October 1966) was a Russian Soviet writer, literary critic and journalist. Biography Vladimir Bakhmetyev was born in to the family of a minor official who worked as a clerk in the district zemstvo government. In 1905, together with his wife (a typist for the council), he published the underground magazine “Red Lapot” on a hectograph, and published there his first poems, short stories and stories dedicated to the life of the peasantry. At the same time he became interested in revolutionary work, for which in 1908 he was arrested and exiled to Barnaul. From there the writer moved to Novonikolaevsk, where he joined the ranks of the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP in 1909. From 1911 to 1914, Bakhmetyev wrote for multiple magazine, both as a fiction writer and literary critic, where he predominantly defended the realist style. From 1914, he lived and worked in Toms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolism (arts)
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realism. In literature, the style originates with the 1857 publication of Charles Baudelaire's '' Les Fleurs du mal''. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire admired greatly and translated into French, were a significant influence and the source of many stock tropes and images. The aesthetic was developed by Stéphane Mallarmé and Paul Verlaine during the 1860s and 1870s. In the 1880s, the aesthetic was articulated by a series of manifestos and attracted a generation of writers. The term "symbolist" was first applied by the critic Jean Moréas, who invented the term to distinguish the Symbolists from the related Decadents of literature and of art. Etymology The term ''symbolism'' is derived from the word "symbol" which derives fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Futurism
Futurism ( it, Futurismo, link=no) was an Art movement, artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city. Its key figures included the Italians Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Fortunato Depero, Gino Severini, Giacomo Balla, and Luigi Russolo. Italian Futurism glorified modernity and according to its doctrine, aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past. Important Futurist works included Marinetti's 1909 ''Manifesto of Futurism'', Boccioni's 1913 sculpture ''Unique Forms of Continuity in Space'', Balla's 1913–1914 painting ''Abstract Speed + Sound'', and Russolo's ''The Art of Noises'' (1913). Although Futurism was largely an Italian phenomenon, parallel movements emerged in Russia, where some Russian Futurism , Russian Futurists would later g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imagism
Imagism was a movement in early-20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language. It is considered to be the first organized literary modernism, modernist literary movement in the English language. Imagism is sometimes viewed as "a succession of creative moments" rather than a continuous or sustained period of development. The French academic René Taupin remarked that "it is more accurate to consider Imagism not as a doctrine, nor even as a poetic school, but as the association of a few poets who were for a certain time in agreement on a small number of important principles".Taupin, René (1929). ''L'Influence du symbolism francais sur la poesie Americaine (de 1910 a 1920)''. Paris: Champion. Translation (1985) by William Pratt and Anne Rich. New York: AMS. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness typical of Romantic poetry, Romantic and Victorian literature#Poetry, Victorian poetry. In contrast to the contemporary G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP) () was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control", while socialized state enterprises would operate on "a profit basis". The NEP represented a more market-oriented economic policy (deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1922) to foster the economy of the country, which had suffered severely since 1915. The Soviet authorities partially revoked the complete nationalization of industry (established during the period of war communism of 1918 to 1921) and introduced a mixed economy which allowed private individuals to own small and medium sized enterprises, while the state continued to control large industries, banks and foreign trade. In addition, the NEP abolished '' prodrazvyorstka'' (forced grain-requisition) and introduced '' prodnalog' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feodor Gladkov
Feodor Vasilyevich Gladkov (russian: Фёдор Васильевич Гладков) – December 20, 1958) was a Soviet and Russian socialist realist writer. Gladkov joined a Marxist group in 1904, and in 1905 went to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and was arrested there for revolutionary activities. He was sentenced to three years' exile. He then moved to Novorossiysk. Among other positions, he served as the editor of the newspaper ''Krasnoye Chernomorye'', secretary of the journal ''Novy Mir'', special correspondent for ''Izvestia'', and director of the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow from 1945 to 1948. He received the Stalin Prize (in 1949) for his literary accomplishments, and is considered a classic writer of Soviet Socialist Realist literature. Teacher, exile and revolutionary Gladkov was born in 1883 in Bolshaya Chernavka, Saratov Governorate (present-day Penza Oblast) to a family of Old Believers. In 1904, Gladkov began propaganda work for the Social Revolutionary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksey Novikov-Priboy
Aleksey Silych Novikov-Priboy (russian: Алексей Силыч Новиков-Прибой; real name Aleksey Silantyevich Novikov, ; 24 March 1877 – 29 April 1944) was a Russian and Soviet writer and marine artist, noted for his stories with a nautical theme. » Yale University Press, 2007, Biography Novikov-Priboy was the second son of a peasant family from Matveyevskoye village of the . His mothe ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Voronsky
Aleksandr Konstantinovich Voronsky (russian: Алекса́ндр Константи́нович Воро́нский) ( – 13 August 1937) was a prominent humanist Marxist literary critic, theorist and editor of the 1920s, disfavored and purged in 1937 for his work with the Left Opposition and Leon Trotsky during and after the October Revolution. Voronsky's writings were hidden away in the Soviet Union, until his autobiography, ''Waters of Life and Death'', and anthology, ''Art as the Cognition of Life'' were translated and published in English. Early life Voronsky was born in the village of Khoroshavka in Tambov Governorate; his father was the village priest, Konstantin Osipovich Voronsky, who died when Aleksandr was a few years old. After attending a Tambov religious school, in 1900 he enrolled in the Tambov Seminary, where he helped organize an illegal library for the seminary students. In 1904 he joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Association Of Proletarian Writers
The Russian Association of Proletarian Writers, also known under its transliterated abbreviation RAPP (russian: Российская ассоциация пролетарских писателей, РАПП) was an official creative union in the Soviet Union established in January 1925. and both pro and anti-Bolshevik writers were targeted, notably including Mikhail Bulgakov, Maxim Gorki, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Alexey Tolstoy. The administration of RAPP consisted of a number of Soviet writers and literary critics. Among them were Leopold Averbakh (founder and general secretary), Vladimir Kirshon, Dmitry Furmanov, Alexander Fadeyev, Alexei Selivanovskiy, Vladimir Stavsky, Yuri Libedinskiy, Vladimir Yermilov, and others. In April 1932, RAPP, together with other creative unions such as Proletkult and the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians, was disbanded and the Union of Soviet Writers The Union of Soviet Writers, USSR Union of Writers, or Soviet Union of Writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Literature
Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to Russian-language literature. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were composed. By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Prose was flourishing as well. Mikhail Lermontov was one of the most important poets and novelists. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy soon became internationally renowned. Other important figures of Russian realism were Ivan Goncharov, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin and Nikolai Leskov. In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
