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Kurkhars
Kurkhars () is the traditional female headdress of the Ingush. Its male counterpart is the Bashlyk. It was traditionally weekend clothing of the Ingush, worn during the holidays and for "going out". They are usually made of red felt or dense cloth and were originally made out of tanned and dyed bull scrotum. They are high caps in the form of a ridge with a forward curve and forked end. First mentioned in a 17th-century article list of Russian ambassadors describing their route through the Ingush lands to Georgia, researchers consider Kurkhars, like the Bashlyk, in historical and cultural relationship with the ancient headdress of the Scythians and Phrygians, via the so-called "Phrygian cap", which was also most notably worn by the Persians, Thracians and Dacians. Archaeology A large collection of "kurkharses" were collected by archaeologists from a tower-shaped two-story crypt of the late Middle Ages in the village of Päling. The finds amazed scientists not only with their abu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrygian Cap
The Phrygian cap ( ), also known as Thracian cap and liberty cap, is a soft Pointed hat, conical Hat, cap with the apex bent over, associated in Classical antiquity, antiquity with several peoples in Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and Asia. The Phrygian cap was worn by Thracians, Dacians, Persians, Medes, Scythians, Troy, Trojans, and Phrygians after whom it is named. The oldest known depiction of the Phrygian cap is from Persepolis in Iran. Although Phrygian caps did not originally function as liberty caps, they came to signify freedom and the pursuit of liberty first in the American Revolution and then in the French Revolution, particularly as a symbol of Jacobinism (in which context it has been also called a Jacobin cap). The original cap of liberty was the Roman ''Pileus (hat), pileus'', the felt cap of emancipated slaves of ancient Rome, which was an attribute of Libertas, the Roman goddess of liberty. In the 16th century, the Roman iconography of liberty was revived in emblem b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingushetia
Ingushetia or Ingushetiya, officially the Republic of Ingushetia, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with the country of Georgia to its south; and borders the Russian republics of North Ossetia–Alania to its west and north and Chechnya to its east and northeast. Its capital is the town of Magas, while the largest city is Nazran. At 3,600 square km in terms of area, the republic is the smallest of Russia's non-city federal subjects. It was established on 4 June 1992, after the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was split in two.Law of 4 June 1992Official website of the Republic of IngushetiaSocial-Economic Characteristics The republic is home to the indigenous Ingush, a people of Nakh ancestry. As of the 2021 Census, its population was estimated to be 527,220. Largely due to the insurgency in the North Caucasus, I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nalchik
Nalchik (, ; ; ) is the capital city of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania). It covers an area of . Population: History The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Sloboda. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there in 1818. In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the city, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, in the year 1921, Nalchik was given the status of administrative center of Kabardin Autonomous Oblast. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nalchiksky Okrug of the Terek Oblast. The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian language, Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar language, Karachay-Balkar (a T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serdalo
''Serdalo'' (, ) is a weekly newspaper based in Nazran, Ingushetia. History Early History As a result of the birth of Ingush writing system, ''Serdalo'' newspaper launched on 1 May 1923 and originally also served as the organ of the Ingush district committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party and the Ingush district executive committee. ''Serdalo'' was the first newspaper published in Ingush. The date of its launch is considered to be birthday of Ingush literature by some authors, while others consider the birthday of Ingush literature the year 1921, when Zaurbek Maslagov first recorded ethnographic material in Ingush language. The founder of ''Serdalo'' was the Ingush people, Ingush linguist Zaurbek Maslagov who was its first editor. The executive secretary and proofreader was the Ingush writer and poet Tembot Bekov. The print circulation of the first issue was only 500. The new Ingush Latin alphabet appeared in ''Serdalo'', which contributed to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grozny
Grozny (, ; ) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 Russian census, 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Russian Census, 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Soviet Census, 1989 census. It was previously known as (until 1870). Names In Russian language, Russian, "Grozny" means "fearsome", "menacing", or "redoubtable", the same word as in Ivan Grozny (Ivan the Terrible). While the official name in Chechen language, Chechen is the same, informally the city is known as "" (""), which literally means "the city () on the Sunzha River ()". In 1996, during the First Chechen War, the authorities of the Chechen republic of Ichkeria renamed the city Dzhokhar-Ghala (), literally Dzhokhar City, or Dzhokhar/Djohar for short, after Dzhokhar Dudayev, the first president of the republic, killed by the Russian armed forces. In December 2005, the Chech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz, formerly known as Ordzhonikidze () or Dzaudzhikau (), is the capital city of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus, situated on the Terek (river), Terek River. The city's population was 295,830 as of the 2021 Russian census, 2021 Census. As a result, Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus region. The city is an Industrial sector, industrial and transport, transportation centre. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemical substance, chemicals, clothing and food products. Etymology The name ''Vladikavkaz'', derived from the Russian language, literally means "ruler of the Caucasus". The Ossetian name Dzæwdžyqæw/Dzæwægighæw literally means " settlement". In 1911, wrote that the Ossetians prove that fortress was founded on the site of the Ingush village Zaur (village), Zaur by the name of Vladikavkaz in the Ossetian language: In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nauka (publisher)
Nauka () is a Russian publisher of academic books and journals. Established in the USSR in 1923, it was called the USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House until 1963. Until 1934 the publisher was based in Saint Petersburg, Leningrad, then moved to Moscow. Its logo depicts an open book with Sputnik 1 above it. Nauka was the largest scientific publishing house in the USSR, as well as in the world at one time (in 1982). It was also notable for being the publisher of the USSR Academy of Sciences and its branches. In 1972 Nauka published 135 scientific journals, including 31 physical and mathematical, 24 chemical, 29 biological and five popular science journals: ''Priroda'' (Nature), ''Zemlya i Vselennaya'' (Earth and the Universe), ''Khimia i zhizn'' (Chemistry and Life), ''Kvant (magazine), Kvant'' (Quantum), and ''Russkaya rech'' (Russian speech). The greater part of Nauka's production were monographs. It also published thematic collected works, reference books, textbooks and fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the Saint Petersburg metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostov-Na-Donu
Rostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia. History Early history From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. It was the site of Tanais, an ancient Greek colony, Fort Tana under the Genoese, and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire. In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River, a tributary of the Don, by edict of the Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great, in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsori
Tsori (, ) a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the . Tsori is the ancestral settlement of Ingush clan (''teip'') of Tsoroy () and the historical center of Tsorin society. Name The toponym is of ancient origin. It splits into two parts: Tsḥor-e, the "-e/-ye" part being a suffix of Ingush language. The "Tshor-" part is associated by with the Ingush word ''tsḥar'' () which means mail mesh helmet that covers the face and neck of a warrior. Ethnonym Tsoroy (a ''teip'') takes its name from Tsori. History Historically, Tsori was the center of Tsorin society. In the second half of the 18th century (1770s), the German researcher J.A. Güldenstädt indicated Tsori among the total number of Ingush villages and districts. On 13 June 1785, a large Chechen force consisting of 500 men approached Tsori, in order to sack it. Learning of the plot, Tsorins attacked the Chechens during the night and defeated them. In 1832, due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashlyk
A bashlyk, also spelled bashlik, is a traditional Turkic, Caucasian, Iranian, and Cossack cone-shaped hooded headdress, usually of leather, felt or wool, featuring a round topped bonnet with lappets for wrapping around the neck. Local versions determine the trim, which may consist of decorative cords, embroidery, jewelry, metallized strings, fur balls or tassels. Among dozens of versions are winter bashlyks worn atop regular headdress, cotton bashlyks, homeknitted bashlyks, silk bashlyks, scarf bashlyks, down bashlyks, dress bashlyks, jumpsuit-type bashlyks, etc. Bashlyks are used as traditional folk garment, and as uniform headdress. A variation of bashlyk is the kalpak (''qalpaq''), a cone-shaped headdress without lappets, mostly made of leather, felt or wool, and the malahai, also known as the ''tymak'', a curved cone-shaped headdress, either with or without lappets, mostly made of leather, and occasionally with a fur-wrapping, originally worn by most inhabitants of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacians
The Dacians (; ; ) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of Ukraine, Moravian Banovina, Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language, which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invasion of the Balkans, Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC. Name and etymology Name The Dacians were known as ''Geta'' (plural ''Getae'') in Ancient Greek writings, and as ''Dacus'' (plural ''Daci'') or ''Getae'' in Roman Empire, Roman documents, but also as ''Dagae'' and ''Gaete'' as depicted on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
