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Kulinic Languages
The Kulinic languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Victoria (Australia). They are: * Kulin (3+, e.g. Woiwurrung) * Kolakngat * Drual (2) Warrnambool is Kulinic and may be Drual, but is too poorly attested to be certain. Glottolog ''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-d ... now classes both Warrnambool and those languages sometimes classed as Drual in a family, calling it "Warrnambool-Bunganditj", and Kolakngat as in the Kulin family. Gadubanud was a dialect of either Warrnambool or Kolakngat. Several poorly attested interior Kulinic languages, such as Wemba-Wemba, are listed in the Kulin article. The three branches of Kulinic are not close; Dixon treats them as three separate families. Bibliography *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria, commonly abbreviated as Vic, is a States and territories of Australia, state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state (after Tasmania), with a land area of ; the second-most-populated state (after New South Wales), with a population of over 7 million; and the most densely populated state in Australia (30.6 per km2). Victoria's economy is the List of Australian states and territories by gross state product, second-largest among Australian states and is highly diversified, with service sectors predominating. Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate climate, temperate coa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages () are the most widespread language family, family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it is derived from the two end-points of the range, the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for 'man' is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for 'man' is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are often referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. Many languages have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some way. Only in the central inland portions of the continent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulin Languages
The Kulin languages are a group of closely related languages of the Kulin people, part of the ''Kulinic'' branch of Pama–Nyungan. Languages * Woiwurrung (Woy-wur-rung): spoken from Mount Baw Baw in the east to Mount Macedon, Sunbury and Gisborne in the west. The ''Wurrundjeri-willam'' were a clan who occupied the Yarra River and its tributaries. Referred to initially by Europeans as the ''Yarra Yarra tribe''. Other Woiwurrung clans include the ''Marin-Bulluk'', ''Kurung-Jang-Bulluk'', ''Wurundjeri-Balluk'', ''Balluk-willam''. ''Wurundjeri'' is now the common term for descendants of all the Woiwurrung clans. *Bunurong (Bun-wurrung): spoken by six clans along the coast from the Werribee River, across the Mornington Peninsula, Western Port Bay to Wilsons Promontory. Referred to by Europeans as the ''Western Port'' or ''Port Philip tribe''. The Yalukit-willam clan occupied the thin coastal strip from Werribee, to Williamstown. ''Bunurong'' is now the common term for all the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolakngat Language
Gulidjan (Coligan, Kolijon, Kolitjon), also known as Kolakngat (Kolacgnat, Colac), is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language of the Gulidjan people of the state of Victoria, Australia. There is very limited data available on the language, but linguists have suggested that it is a mixed language, containing elements of neighbouring languages. Attestation The language is first attested in 1839. Though much of the detail and vocabulary has been lost, there is sufficient to confirm that it constituted a separate language. About 100 words have survived. Some analysis suggests it may be a mixed language or creole language having something in common with each of the neighbouring languages. Earliest sources refer to the language as ''Gulidjan'', although James Dawson favoured ''Kolakgnat'', which means 'belonging to sand'.Gulidjan'', Victorian Aboriginal Languages Directory. Accessed 15 December 2008 No speakers have been recorded since 1975, so it is considered an extinct la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drual Languages
Drual is a small group of indigenous Australian languages of the Kulinic family. The two languages are: *Drual ** Bungandidj (Buwandik) ** Kuurn Kopan Noot Warrnambool Warrnambool (; Eastern Maar, Maar: ''Peetoop'' or ''Wheringkernitch'' or ''Warrnambool'') is a city on the south-western coast of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia. At the Census in Australia#2021, 2021 census, Warrnambool had a populati ... shares some features with Bungandidj, but is too poorly attested to classify securely. References Kulinic languages {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woiwurrung Language
The Woiwurrung, also spelt Woi-wurrung, Woi Wurrung, Woiwurrong, Woiworung, and Wuywurung, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin people, Kulin alliance. The Woiwurrung people's territory in Central Victoria (Australia), Victoria extended from north of the Great Dividing Range, east to Mount Baw Baw, south to Mordialloc Creek and to Mount Macedon, Sunbury, Victoria, Sunbury and Gisborne, Victoria, Gisborne in the west. Their lands bordered the Gunai people, Gunai/Kurnai people to the east in Gippsland, the Boon wurrung people to the south on the Mornington Peninsula, and the Dja Dja Wurrung and Taungurung to the north. Before Colonisation of Australia, colonisation, they lived predominantly as aquaculturists, swidden agriculturists (growing grasslands by fire-stick farming to create fenceless herbivore grazing, garden-farming murnong yam roots and various tuber lilies as major forms of starch and carbohydrates), and hunters and gathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glottolog
''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists. Glottolog was first developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena, Germany. Its main curators include Harald Hammarström and Martin Haspelmath. Overview Sebastian Nordhoff and Harald Hammarström established the Glottolog/Langdoc project in 2011. The creation of ''Glottolog'' was partly motivated by the lack of a comprehensive language bibliography, especially in ''Ethnologue''. Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on individual languages. It differs from ''Ethnologue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gadubanud
The Gadubanud (Katubanut), also known as the Pallidurgbarran, Yarro waetch or Cape Otway tribe ( Tindale), are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Victoria. Their territory encompasses the rainforest plateau and rugged coastline of Cape Otway. Their numbers declined rapidly following the onset of European colonisation, and little is known of them. However, some may have found refuge at the Wesleyan mission station at Birregurra, and later the Framlingham mission station, and some people still trace their descent from them. Today, by the principle of succession, the Gunditjmara are considered the traditional custodians of Gadubanud lands. Name "Gadubanud/Katubanut" appears to have meant "King Parrot language", and is considered to have been an exonym applied to the people by tribes to their west, perhaps with a pejorative colouring. Language Almost no linguistic material has been recorded for the Gadubanud language. A connection with the Gulidjan to their nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wemba-Wemba Language
The Wemba Wemba language is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language once spoken along the Murray River and its tributaries in North Western Victoria and South Central New South Wales. Nari Nari, a dialect of Wemba Wemba, is part of a language revival project. Other dialects are Barababaraba and Wergaia. Jardwadjali (with dialects Jagwadjali, Nundadjali, Mardidjali) may be Wemba-Wemba, or may be closer to the Madhi–Ladji–Wadi varieties. Phonology Consonants Vowels Voiced consonant sounds only occur within prenasalized stops. Prenasal consonants include: /mb/ /nd/ /ndy/ /ng/ and /rnd/. In phonetic form they are pronounced as b d �ɟ �ɡand �ɖ Vocabulary Below is a basic vocabulary list from Blake (1981). : Influence on English At least four botanical terms in Australian English are thought to have been introduced into local speech from Wemba-Wemba: * ''dilanj'' = nitre bush/dillon * ''lerep'' = lerp/honeydew or lerp manna * ''gambang'' = bulrush/cum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulinic Languages
The Kulinic languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Victoria (Australia). They are: * Kulin (3+, e.g. Woiwurrung) * Kolakngat * Drual (2) Warrnambool is Kulinic and may be Drual, but is too poorly attested to be certain. Glottolog ''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-d ... now classes both Warrnambool and those languages sometimes classed as Drual in a family, calling it "Warrnambool-Bunganditj", and Kolakngat as in the Kulin family. Gadubanud was a dialect of either Warrnambool or Kolakngat. Several poorly attested interior Kulinic languages, such as Wemba-Wemba, are listed in the Kulin article. The three branches of Kulinic are not close; Dixon treats them as three separate families. Bibliography *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
