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Krzysztof Kwiatkowski
Krzysztof Kwiatkowski (born 14 May 1971, in Zgierz) is a Polish lawyer, politician and government official who served as the Minister of Justice of Poland in Cabinet of Donald Tusk from 2009 until 2011, Public Prosecutor General from 2009 until 2010, and as President of the Supreme Audit Office (NIK) from 2013 until 2019. He was also a member of Senate (from Civic Platform) from 2007 until 2011. Krzysztof Kwiatkowski at the age of 17 joined the Federation of Fighting Youth. He began his studies at the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Łódź. His education was interrupted due to cancer. Kwiatkowski graduated with the Master of Law and Administration degree at Warsaw University. He had been actively participating at Independent Students’ Association as a member of the national board. From 1997 until 2001 he held the position of the personal secretary of the Prime Minister of Poland, Jerzy Buzek. From 2004 until 2013 he was a member of Civic Platfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Audit Office (Poland)
The Supreme Audit Office (, abbreviated ''NIK'') is the supreme audit institution and also one of the oldest state institutions in Poland, created under the Second Republic on February 7, 1919, barely 3 months after the restoration of Poland's independence. It was created on the initiative of the Head of State, Józef Piłsudski. Its organisation and functioning are set out in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the NIK Act of 23 December 1994. The NIK is subordinate to the Sejm (lower chamber of the Polish Parliament) and it acts in accordance with the principle of collegiate responsibility. The NIK is headed by the President who is appointed by the Sejm for a six-year term of office. The NIK performs audits related to, primarily, the execution of the state budget as well as public finance spending and management of public property by state and local governmental bodies and economic entities. Every year, the NIK submits three key documents to the Sejm: the analysis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódź (parliamentary Constituency)
Łódź is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Łódź Voivodeship. It elects eleven members of the Sejm.http://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm8.nsf/poslowie_wojewodztwo.xsp?wojewodztwo=%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie The district has the number '9' and is named after the city of Łódź. It includes the county of Brzeziny Brzeziny (; yi, ברעזין, ''Brezin'') is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km east of Łódź. It is the capital of Brzeziny County and has a population of 12,326 as of December 2021. It once was a thriving Jewish sh ... and Łódź East and the city county of Łódź. List of members 2019-2023 Footnotes {{DEFAULTSORT:Lodz (Parliamentary Constituency) Electoral districts of Poland Łódź Łódź Voivodeship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Łódź
The University of Łódź ( Polish: ''Uniwersytet Łódzki'', Latin: ''Universitas Lodziensis'') is a public research university founded in 1945 in Łódź, Poland, as a continuation of three higher education institutions functioning in Łódź in the interwar period — the Teacher Training Institute (1921–1928), the Higher School of Social and Economic Sciences (1924–1928) and the local division of the Free Polish University of Warsaw (1928–1939). The University of Łódź (alternative spelling: University of Lodz) is a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional university. It is one of 18 institutions of its type in Poland. It has more than 25,000 students and 2,600 teachers. Its international cooperation includes 385 partner institutions from all over the world. A range of BA, MA, and postgraduate courses held in English as a language of instruction are offered to Polish and overseas students. Reputation The university strives to maintain its high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation Of Fighting Youth
The Federation of Fighting Youth ( pl, Federacja Młodzieży Walczącej, also called FMW) was a radical anticommunist organization of Polish youth, existing in the mid and late 1980s. It was founded in June 1984 in Warsaw's district of Grochów by a group of high school students. In September 1984, a "Riot" (''Bunt'') underground publication informed about creation of the Federation, it also featured an appeal to Polish youth. The Federation's activists published their own magazine, called ''Information Service of the FMW'' (''Serwis Informacyjny FMW''). It was printed in the format of a samizdat, in the period November 1984 - May 1985. In October 1984, high school students in Gdańsk founded their own branch of the Federation, and began publishing their own biweekly '' Monit''. In October 1985, a group of activists of the FMW decided to create the so-called ''Activity Groups'' (''Grupy Wykonawcze''), which began to actively fight the Communist system, by painting slogans on wal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of The Republic Of Poland
The Senate ( pl, Senat) is the upper house of the Parliament of Poland, Polish parliament, the lower house being the Sejm of the Republic of Poland, Sejm. The history of the Polish Senate stretches back over 500 years; it was one of the first constituent bodies of a bicameral parliament in Europe and existed without hiatus until the final Partitions of Poland, partition of the Polish state in 1795. The contemporary Senate is composed of 100 senators elected by a universal ballot and is headed by Marshal of the Senate (''Marszałek Senatu''). The incumbent Marshal of the Senate is Tomasz Grodzki. Following a brief period of existence under the Second Polish Republic, the Senate was again abolished by the authorities of the Polish People's Republic. It was not re-established until the collapse of the communist government and reinstatement of democracy in Poland in 1989. The Senate is based in Warsaw and is located in a building which forms part of the Sejm Complex on Wiejska Street ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Cabinet Of Donald Tusk
First Cabinet of Donald Tusk was the government of Poland from 16 November 2007 to 18 November 2011, sitting in the Council of Ministers during the 6th legislature of the Sejm and the 7th legislature of the Senate. It was appointed by President Lech Kaczyński on 16 November 2007 and passed the vote of confidence in Sejm on 24 November 2007. Led by the centre-right politician Donald Tusk it was supported by the coalition of two parties: the liberal conservative Civic Platform (PO) and the agrarian Polish People's Party The Polish People's Party ( pl, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) is an agrarian political party in Poland. It is currently led by Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz. Its history traces back to 1895, when it held the name People's Party, although i ... (PSL). Key The Cabinet {{Navboxes , list = {{Donald Tusk Cabinet {{Polish Cabinets Tusk, Donald Cabinet of Donald Tusk Cabinet of Donald Tusk 2007 establishments in Poland 2011 disestablishments in Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HUN Order Of Merit Of Hungary Pre1945 (civ) CCross Star BAR
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part of Scythia at the time; the Huns' arrival is associated with the migration westward of an Iranian people, the Alans. By 370 AD, the Huns had arrived on the Volga, and by 430, they had established a vast, if short-lived, dominion in Europe, conquering the Goths and many other Germanic peoples living outside of Roman borders and causing many others to flee into Roman territory. The Huns, especially under their King Attila, made frequent and devastating raids into the Eastern Roman Empire. In 451, they invaded the Western Roman province of Gaul, where they fought a combined army of Romans and Visigoths at the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields, and in 452, they invaded Italy. After the death of Attila in 453, the Huns ceased to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Warsaw
The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of study as well as 100 specializations in humanities, technical, and the natural sciences. The University of Warsaw consists of 126 buildings and educational complexes with over 18 faculties: biology, chemistry, journalism and political science, philosophy and sociology, physics, geography and regional studies, geology, history, applied linguistics and philology, Polish language, pedagogy, economics, law and public administration, psychology, applied social sciences, management and mathematics, computer science and mechanics. The University of Warsaw is one of the top Polish universities. It was ranked by '' Perspektywy'' magazine as best Polish university in 2010, 2011, 2014, and 2016. International rankings such as ARWU and Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Politician
An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party, and therefore choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word "independent" is used, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Platform
Civic Platform ( pl, Platforma Obywatelska, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (''Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''). is a political party in Poland. It is currently led by Donald Tusk. It was formed in 2001 by splinter factions from the Solidarity Electoral Action and Freedom Union, and it later placed second in the 2001 parliamentary election. It served in the parliamentary opposition until 2007, when it overtook Law and Justice, won 209 seats and Tusk was elected as prime minister. Following the Smolensk air disaster in 2010, Bronisław Komorowski served as acting president and was elected as president in the same year. Tusk continued to serve as prime minister and leader of Civic Platform until he resigned in 2014 to assume the post of the president of the European Council. The party was afterwards defeated in the 2015 parliamentary and presidential elections. It also placed second in the 2019 parliamentary electio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity Electoral Action
Solidarity Electoral Action ( pl, Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność, AWS) was a political coalition in Poland from 1996 to 2001. From 1997 to 2001, its official name was ''Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność Prawicy'' (AWSP) or Electoral Action Solidarity of the Right. AWS (RS AWS), or the Social Movement for Electoral Action Solidarity, the political arm of the Solidarity trade union from 1997 to 2004, was formerly the leading party within AWS. Background AWS was formed in 1996 as a coalition of over 30 parties, uniting liberal, conservative and Christian-democratic forces. Marian Krzaklewski was its first chairman. In 1997 the coalition was joined by RS AWS, and by the Freedom Union. Jerzy Buzek of RS AWS became Prime Minister of Poland. The International Republican Institute, a US federal government-funded organisation loosely associated with the United States Republican Party, claims credit for having played a major role in uniting the different political parties which came toge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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