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Krzemionki
Krzemionki, also Krzemionki Opatowskie (, " Opatów silica-mine"), is a Neolithic and early Bronze Age complex of flint mines for the extraction of Upper Jurassic ( Oxfordian) banded flints located about eight kilometers north-east of the Polish city of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. It is one of the largest known complexes of prehistoric flint mines in Europe together with Grime's Graves in England and Spiennes in Belgium. The flint mining in Krzemionki began about 3900 BC and lasted until about 1600 BC. During Neolithic times the mine was used by members of the Funnelbeaker culture who spread the flint mining products (mostly flint axeheads) far up to 300 km. The Globular Amphora Culture also used the pits and even more intensely, enlarging the area of axehead distribution to about 500 km. The site is a Polish historic monument, as designated on 16 October 1994. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. On 6 July 2019, the Krzemionki Prehis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzemionki 20150519 6519
Krzemionki, also Krzemionki Opatowskie (, "Opatów silica-mine"), is a Neolithic and early Bronze Age complex of flint mines for the extraction of Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian (stage), Oxfordian) striped flint, banded flints located about eight kilometers north-east of the Polish city of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. It is one of the largest known complexes of prehistoric flint mines in Europe together with Grime's Graves in England and Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes, Spiennes in Belgium. The flint mining in Krzemionki began about 3900 BC and lasted until about 1600 BC. During Neolithic times the mine was used by members of the Funnelbeaker culture who spread the flint mining products (mostly flint axeheads) far up to 300 km. The Globular Amphora Culture also used the pits and even more intensely, enlarging the area of axehead distribution to about 500 km. The site is a List of Historic Monuments (Poland), Polish historic monument, as designated on 16 October 1994. Its list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of World Heritage Sites Of Poland
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. Poland ratified the convention on 29 June 1976, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. , there are 17 World Heritages Sites in Poland, 15 of which are cultural, and two are natural sites. The first two sites inscribed on the World Heritage List wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Heritage Sites In Poland
The UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural heritage, cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. Poland ratified the convention on 29 June 1976, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. , there are 17 World Heritages Sites in Poland, 15 of which are cultural, and two are natural sites. The first two sites inscribed on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (), often referred to as Ostrowiec, is a city in southeastern Poland, in the historical region of Lesser Poland, with 66,258 residents (as of 2021). The town is one of the historic centers of Polish industry and metallurgy, and was part of the Old-Polish Industrial Region, the oldest industrial basin of the country. Ostrowiec is the capital city of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski County, part of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Ostrowiec lies on the Kamienna (river), Kamienna river. Its northern districts are located in the Iłża Foothills, while the southern part belongs to the Opatów Upland. The Świętokrzyskie Mountains lie a few kilometers away, southwest of Ostrowiec. There are two interesting places near Ostrowiec: the archaeological reserve at Krzemionki (a UNESCO World Heritage Site and List of Historic Monuments (Poland), Historic Monument of Poland) and dinosaur park in Bałtów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Bałtów. Ostrowiec is located at the inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flint Mining
Flint mining is the process of extracting flint from underground. Flint mines can be as simple as a pit on the surface or an area of quarrying, or it may refer to a series of shafts and tunnels used to extract flint. Flint has been mined since the Palaeolithic, but was most common during the Neolithic. Flint was especially valued in prehistory for its use in weaponry. Although flint is not as valuable a resource in modern times, a few flint mines remain in operation even today (for example at Miorcani). List of flint mines *Austria ** **"Am Feuerstein" in Kleinwalsertal (Vorarlberg) *Belgium **The Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes **Jandrain-Jandrenouille (Orp-Jauche) *Denmark **Hov (near Thisted) *Egypt **Taramsa (near Qena) **Nazlet Khater (Upper Egypt) *France ** located between Caen and Falaise, Calvados ** **Le Grand-Pressigny *Germany **Lengfeld (near Bad Abbach). ** near Abensberg **Asch (near Blaubeuren) **Baiersdorf (near Essing) **Kleinkems in Efringen-Kirchen **Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Historic Monuments (Poland)
Historic Monument (, ) is one of several categories of objects of cultural heritage (in the singular, '' zabytek'') in Poland. To be recognized as a Polish historic monument, an object must be declared such by the President of Poland. The term "historic monument" was introduced into Polish law in 1990, and the first Historic Monuments were declared by President Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa (; ; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the president of Poland between 1990 and 1995. After winning the 1990 Polish presidential election, 1990 election, Wałę ... in 1994. List The National Heritage Board of Poland maintains the official list. References {{reflist Objects of cultural heritage in Poland Law of Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grime's Graves
Grime's Graves is a large Neolithic flint mining complex in Norfolk, England. It lies north east from Brandon, Suffolk in the East of England. It was worked between 2600 and 2300 BCE, although production may have continued through the Bronze and Iron Ages and later, owing to the low cost of flint compared with metals. Flint was much in demand for making polished stone axes in the Neolithic period. Much later, when flint had been replaced by metal tools, flint nodules were in demand for other uses, such as for building and as strikers for muskets. Grime's Graves was first extensively explored by the 19th-century archaeologist William Greenwell. The scheduled monument extends over an area of some and consists of at least 433 shafts dug into the natural chalk to reach seams of flint. The largest shafts are more than deep and in diameter at the surface. It has been calculated that more than 2,000 tonnes of chalk had to be removed from the larger shafts, taking 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globular Amphora Culture
The Globular Amphora culture (GAC, (KAK); c. 3400–2800 BC, is an archaeological culture in Central Europe. Marija Gimbutas assumed an Indo-European origin, though this is contradicted by newer genetic studies that show a connection to the earlier wave of Early European Farmers rather than to Western Steppe Herders from the Ukrainian and south-western Russian steppes. The GAC preceded the Corded Ware culture in its central area. Somewhat to the south and west, it was bordered by the Baden culture. To the northeast was the Narva culture. It occupied much of the same area as the earlier Funnelbeaker culture. The name was coined by Gustaf Kossinna because of the characteristic pottery, globular-shaped pots with two to four handles. Extent The Globular Amphora culture was located in an area defined by the Elbe catchment on the west and that of the Vistula on the east, extending southwards to the middle Dniester and eastwards to reach the Dnieper. West of the Elbe, some globul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolithic Flint Mines Of Spiennes
The Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes are among the largest and earliest Neolithic flint mines which survive in north-western Europe, located close to the Walloon village of Spiennes, southeast of Mons, Belgium. The mines were active during the mid and late Neolithic between 4,300 and 2,200 BC. Declared to be "remarkable for the diversity of technological solutions used for extraction" the site and its surroundings were inducted into the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2000. Description Discovered in 1843, the first excavations were undertaken by the mining engineer Alphonse Briart and two others during railway construction in 1867, with results presented to the International Prehistoric Congress held in Brussels in 1872. Intermittent excavations have been carried out up to the present day. The Mines of Spiennes cover some of downland four miles south-east of the city of Mons. The site is dotted with millions of scraps of worked flint and numerous mining pits, tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Striped Flint
Striped flint (sometimes called banded flint) is a version of flint, with a more or less regular system of concentric dark and pale stripes, noted to resemble rolling waters. Use A large striped flint deposit is located in Lesser Poland, near the cities of Sandomierz, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Iłża. Because of its rarity and distinctive look, local striped flint is in use today in jewellery and has become a regional export product. Striped flint was mined by Neolithic people near Krzemionki Opatowskie village around 4,000 BC, and it was used in manufacturing of axes. Geology Upper Jurassic ( Oxfordian) striped flint from Lesser Poland consists mainly of α-quartz. Morphology of grains indicates that the quartz is not a product of opal and chalcedony conversion, but it precipitated directly from the seawater. The crystallinity is higher in the centre of a concretion. Sometimes chalcedony is present, being a product of recrystalization of opal. Other minerals can be foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze Age Sites In Europe
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon). These additions produce a range of alloys some of which are harder than copper alone or have other useful properties, such as ultimate tensile strength, strength, ductility, or machinability. The three-age system, archaeological period during which bronze was the hardest metal in widespread use is known as the Bronze Age. The beginning of the Bronze Age in western Eurasia is conventionally dated to the mid-4th millennium BCE (~3500 BCE), and to the early 2nd millennium BCE in China; elsewhere it gradually spread across regions. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which started about 1300 BCE and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BCE, although bronze continued to be much more widely used than it is in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
