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Kronichthys
''Kronichthys'' is a genus of armored catfishes endemic to Brazil. The genus is named in honor of naturalist-archaeologist Ricardo Krone (1861-1917), who collected the type species specimen. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * ''Kronichthys heylandi'' ( Boulenger, 1900) * ''Kronichthys lacerta'' (Nichols, 1919) * ''Kronichthys subteres'' A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908 Description ''Kronichthys'' species are small, cylindrical fishes similar to the hypoptopomatine '' Schizolecis''. The color pattern is dark brown with a slight mottling or four dorsal saddles, and the abdomen mostly white. The dorsal fin is short and the adipose fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as s ... is small. References Loricariidae Fish of South America ...
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Kronichthys Subteres
''Kronichthys subteres'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. This species grows to a length of TL. ''K. subteres'' inhabits streams with rocky and sandy bottom. This species forages both during the day and at night, grazing on microscopic algae, mostly diatoms and green algae growing on rocks and submersed vegetation. They occasionally take chironomid and simuliid larvae, as well as tiny crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...s. Before grazing on a patch with dense sediment, the fish makes wiggling head-down movements which raise sediment, which is blown away by the water current. When grazing algae off the substrate, the fish makes vigorous mouth movements, and moves by jerky movements ...
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Kronichthys Lacerta
''Kronichthys lacerta'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ... where it occurs in the Baia de Paranaguá and Ribeira de Iguape River basins. This species grows to a length of SL. References * Loricariidae Taxa named by John Treadwell Nichols Catfish of South America Endemic fauna of Brazil Freshwater fish of Brazil Environment of Paraná (state) Environment of São Paulo (state) Fish described in 1919 {{Loricariidae-stub ...
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Kronichthys Heylandi
''Kronichthys heylandi'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in coastal streams between Santos and Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b .... This species grows to a length of TL. The fish is named in honor of civil engineer Herbert K. Heyland (1849-1944), who collected the type specimen and presented the specimen to the British Museum to be described. References * Loricariidae Catfish of South America Endemic fauna of Brazil Freshwater fish of Brazil Environment of Rio de Janeiro (state) Environment of São Paulo (state) Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger Fish described in 1900 {{Loricariidae-stub ...
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Neoplecostominae
Neoplecostominae is a subfamily of South American catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Species of this subfamily live in high-mountain and swift-flowing river habitats. Taxonomy This subfamily is the most basal clade in Loricariidae with the exception of Lithogeneinae. The genera do not form a monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ... assemblage. Neoplecostominae is not diagnosed by any unique characteristic. However, molecular studies have supported this grouping. Within the paraphyletic Neoplecostominae, ''Pareiorhina'' forms a monophyletic subunit that also includes ''Neoplecostomus''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3338213 Loricariidae Fish of South America Ray-finned fish subfamilies Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan ...
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Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ...
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Catfish Genera
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia, and the piraíba of South America, to detritivores (species that eat dead material on the bottom), and even to a tiny parasitic species commonly called the candiru, ''Vandellia cirrhosa''. Neither the armour-plated types nor the naked types have scales. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers". Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed or fished for food. Many of the smaller species, particularly the genus '' Corydoras'', are important in the aquarium hobby. Many catfish are nocturnal,
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Endemic Fauna Of Brazil
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example ''Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. ''Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ...
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Fish Of South America
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with around 99% of those being teleosts. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods. ...
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Adipose Fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. Their principal function is to help the fish swim. Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping. Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling. Fins can also be used for other purposes; male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm, thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey, reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom, anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod to ...
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Dorsal Fin
A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through convergent evolution they have independently evolved external superficial fish-like body plans adapted to their marine environments, including most numerously fish, but also mammals such as cetaceans ( whales, dolphins, and porpoises), and even extinct ancient marine reptiles such as various known species of ichthyosaurs. Most species have only one dorsal fin, but some have two or three. Wildlife biologists often use the distinctive nicks and wear patterns which develop on the dorsal fins of large cetaceans to identify individuals in the field. The bony or cartilaginous bones that support the base of the dorsal fin in fish are called ''pterygiophores''. Functions The main purpose of the dorsal fin is to stabilize the animal against r ...
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Schizolecis
''Schizolecis guntheri'' is a species of loricariid catfish (order Siluriformes) and the only known member of the monotypic genus ''Schizolecis''. Distribution and habitat This species occurs mainly in coastal rivers of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern and southern Brazil. These fish inhabit streams with rocky and sandy bottom, mostly in shallows and backwaters up to 30 centimetres (12  in) deep, with slow water flow. Appearance and anatomy ''S. guntheri'' reaches a maximum length of SL in males and 3 cm (1.2 in) SL in females. Normally pigmented specimens of ''S. guntheri'' have a dark background color on the body and caudal fin, with some light spots and an unpigmented ventral body surface. These fish have been found in an albino form in their natural habitat. Ecology ''S. guntheri'' forage mostly during the day, though some night activity has also been recorded. These fish graze on microscopic algae, mostly diatoms and green algae growing on rocks an ...
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Hypoptopomatinae
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species. It has been divided into two tribes, Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini. However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini. More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies. Problematically, the most recent hypoptopomatine genera, ''Gymnotocinclus'' and '' Rhinolekos'', were not classified in either of the tribes. Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a diploid number Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of p ...
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