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Kowloon West (1998 Constituency)
The Kowloon West geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the 1998 Hong Kong legislative election, first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 Hong Kong electoral reform, 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. In the 2016 Hong Kong legislative election, 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected six members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation. It had 602,733 registered electorates in 2020. The constituency corresponded to the districts of Yau Tsim Mong District, Yau Tsim Mong, Sham Shui Po District, Sham Shui Po, and Kowloon City District, Kowloon City. History The first-past-the-post, single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the party-list proportional representation system for the 1998 Hong Kong legislative election, first SAR Legislative Council e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geographical Constituency
In Hong Kong, geographical constituencies, as opposed to Functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies, are elected by all eligible voters according to geographically demarcated constituency, constituencies. There are currently 5 geographical constituencies in Hong Kong, returning 35 members to the Legislative Council. Following the 2021 Hong Kong electoral reform, 2021 electoral reforms passed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Standing Committee of the mainland National People's Congress, the number of members returned by geographical constituencies would be lowered to 20, while the total number of seats in the Legislative Council would be increased to 90. History Geographical constituencies (GC) were first introduced in Hong Kong's first legislative election with direct elections in 1991 Hong Kong legislative election, 1991. 18 constituencies, each returning 2 members using plurality block voting was created for the 1991 Hong Kong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hare Quota
The Hare quota (sometimes called the simple, ideal, or Hamilton quota) is the number of voters represented by each legislator in an idealized system of proportional representation where every vote is used to elect someone. The Hare quota is equal to the number of votes divided by the number of seats. The Hare quota was used in Thomas Hare's proposal for a single transferable vote system and can still be used for this purpose, though the Droop quota is used for most STV elections today. The Hare quota is often used to set electoral thresholds and to calculate apportionments under party-list proportional representation when using the largest remainder method. In such cases, the Hare quota gives unbiased apportionments that do not favor either large or small parties. However, unlike Droop's quota, the Hare quota does not guarantee a party with a majority of votes in the district will win at least half the seats. The quota was first proposed by Alexander Hamilton for use in Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Hong Kong Legislative Election
The 2000 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 10 September 2000 for members of the 2nd Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council (LegCo) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). The election returned 24 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 6 seats from the Election Committee (constituency), Election Committee constituency and 30 members from Functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies, of which 9 uncontested. The election saw the decline in turnout rate from 53.29 percent in 1998 to 43.57 percent. The Democratic Party (Hong Kong), Democratic Party was able to maintain the largest party status in the legislature by retaining 12 seats, despite its vote share fell sharply by eight percent, if including Lau Chin-shek from the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU) running in the same ticket with Democrat James To in Kowloon West (1998 constituency), Kowloon West, from 42 percent in 1998 to 34 per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional Legislative Council
The Provisional Legislative Council (PLC) was the interim legislature of Hong Kong that operated from 1997 to 1998. The legislature was founded in Guangzhou and sat in Shenzhen from 1996 (with offices in Hong Kong), until the 1997 handover when it moved to Hong Kong to temporarily replace the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The legislature was established by the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by resolution at its Second Plenary Session on 24 March 1996. The 60 members of the PLC were elected on 21 December 1996 by the 400-member Selection Committee for the First Government of the HKSAR, which also elected the first Chief Executive. The official start date for this council was on 25 January 1997. History 1992 electoral reforms When the Hong Kong Basic Law was promulgated on 4 April 1990, the National People's Congress (NPC) issued a decision on the same day on the formation of the first government and legislature of the Hong Kong Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong Association For Democracy And People's Livelihood
The Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) is a Hong Kong pro-democracy social-liberal political party catering to grassroots interest with a strong basis in Sham Shui Po. Established on 26 October 1986, it was one of the three major pro-democracy groups along with the Meeting Point and the Hong Kong Affairs Society in the 1980s. The ADPL survived through the great unification of the pro-democracy camp in the 1991 and became the only pro-democracy party to sit in the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council in 1997. It was ousted for the first time in the 1998 Legislative Council election. Its veteran former chairman Frederick Fung was the only legislator for the ADPL until he was defeated in the 2016 Legislative Council election in which the party was ousted from the legislature for the second time. Stances The stated aims of the ADPL are to: * Strive for a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty and to impl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Fung
Frederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (; born 17 March 1953) is a Hong Kong former politician who was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) from 1989 to 2007. Fung pioneered pro-democrats' participation in electoral politics by standing in the 1983 Urban Council election. As well as his role in the Urban Council, he was also a member of the Sham Shui Po District Council. He was first elected to the Legislative Council in the 1991 direct election. He is noted for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing and joined the Beijing-installed Provisional Legislative Council in 1996 despite the pro-democrats' boycott. Fung was a candidate for the 2012 Chief Executive election but lost in the pro-democracy primary. He resigned from the ADPL chairmanship after the party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jasper Tsang
Jasper Tsang Yok-sing ( zh, t=曾鈺成; born 17 May 1947) is a Hong Kong politician. He is the founding member of the largest pro-Beijing party the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) from 1992 to 2003 and the 2nd President of the Legislative Council from 2008 to 2016. Graduated from the University of Hong Kong, Tsang chose to teach in the leftist Pui Kiu Middle School and became its principal before he stepped into politics in the 1980s. In 1992 he founded the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong and first contested in the 1995 Legislative Council election in which he lost the race. He was elected in Kowloon West in the first Legislative Council election after the handover of Hong Kong in 1998. He was also the member of the Executive Council from 2002 to 2008. He became the President of the Legislative Council in 2008. Due to his relatively fair and accommodating presiding styles and his relatively liberal image within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Alliance For The Betterment Of Hong Kong
The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) is a pro-Beijing political party registered since 1992 in Hong Kong. Chaired by Gary Chan and holding 19 Legislative Council seats, it is currently the largest party in the legislature and in terms of membership, far ahead of other parties. It has been a key supporting force to the SAR administration and the central government's policies on Hong Kong. The party was established in 1992 as the "Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong" by a group of traditional Beijing loyalists who pledged allegiance to the Chinese Communist Party. As the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong was approaching, the party actively participated in elections in the last years of the colonial rule and became one of the major party and the ally to the government in the early post-handover era. The DAB took a major blow in the 2003 District Council election due to the unpopular Tung Chee-hwa administration and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James To
James To Kun-sun (; ; born 11 March 1963) is a Hong Kong lawyer and Democratic Party politician. From 1991 to 2020, To was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, representing the District Council (Second) constituency. In his final four years, To was the most senior member in the Legislative Council, and was also the convenor of the pro-democracy caucus from 2016 to 2017. He was also a former member of the Yau Tsim Mong District Council representing Olympic. In November 2020, To, along with the rest of the pro-democracy caucus resigned in protest of the disqualification of four of their members. Early life and political career To was born in Hong Kong in 1963. He was educated at the Church of Christ in China Kei Wa Primary School and Wah Yan College, Kowloon before he was enrolled to the University of Hong Kong where he graduated with a law degree, LL.B. in 1985 and PCLL in 1986, and became a lawyer after graduation. He was involved in the local democracy m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lau Chin-shek
Lau Chin-shek (born 12 September 1944) was the President of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions and a member of the Legislative Council from 1991 to 2008. Background Lau was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong with family root in Shunde, Guangdong. He smuggled from Guangzhou to Hong Kong in 1960. Since the 1980s, he has been a labour activist, working to help factory workers in Sham Shui Po and Cheung Sha Wan, where working conditions were poor. During the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Lau and other pro-democracy activists expressed sympathy and support to the student demonstrators who had gathered at Tiananmen Square. He and others also founded the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, which organises the anniversary commemoration of the 1989 protests. In 1990, Lau and other labour activists, including Lee Cheuk-yan, established the 160,000-strong Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions. He was also vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Chri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (Hong Kong)
The Democratic Party (DP) is a liberal political party in Hong Kong. Once the flagship party in the pro-democracy camp, it is expected to dissolve within 2025 after the party was unable to enter elections with national security threshold imposed. The party was established in 1994 in a merger of the United Democrats of Hong Kong and Meeting Point in preparation for the 1995 Legislative Council election. The party won a landslide victory, received over 40 percent of the popular vote and became the largest party in the legislature in the final years of the British colonial era. It opposes the bloody crackdown on the Tiananmen protests of 1989 and called for the end of one-party rule of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); the party has long been seen as hostile to the Beijing authorities. Led by Martin Lee, the Democratic Party boycotted the Provisional Legislative Council on the eve of the Hong Kong handover in 1997 in protest to Beijing's decision to dismantle the agre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro-democracy Camp (Hong Kong)
The pro-democracy camp, also known as the pan-democracy camp, is a political alignment in Hong Kong that supports increased democracy, namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Chief Executive and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council as given by the Basic Law of Hong Kong, Basic Law under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework. The pro-democrats generally embrace liberalism, liberal values such as rule of law, human rights, civil liberties and social justice, though their economic positions vary. They are often referred to as the "opposition camp" as they have consistently been the minority camp within the Legislative Council, and because of their non-cooperative and sometimes confrontational stance towards the Government of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Central People's Government, Chinese central governments. Opposite to the pro-democracy camp is the Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong), pro-Beijing camp, whose members are perceived as bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
