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Kosmos-3M
The Kosmos-3M ( meaning "''Cosmos''", GRAU index 11K65M) was a Russian space launch vehicle, member of the Kosmos (rocket family), Kosmos rocket family. It was a liquid-fueled two-stage launch vehicle, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 successful launches to its name. The Kosmos-3M used Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH fuel and Red fuming nitric acid, AK27I oxidizer (red fuming nitric acid) to lift roughly of payload into orbit. It differed from the earlier Kosmos-3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time. Production Corporation Polyot, PO Polyot manufactured these launch vehicles in the Russian city of Omsk for decades. It was originally scheduled to be retired from service in 2011; however, in April 2010 the Commander of the Russian Space Forces confirmed that it would be retired by the end of 2010. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos (rocket Family)
The Kosmos (also spelled Cosmos, Russian language, Russian: ) rockets were a series of Soviet Union, Soviet and subsequently Russian rockets, derived from the R-12 Dvina, R-12 and R-14 Chusovaya, R-14 missiles, the best known of which is the Kosmos-3M, which has made over 440 launches. The Kosmos family contained a number of rockets, both carrier rockets and sounding rockets, for orbital and sub-orbital spaceflight respectively. The first variant, the Kosmos (rocket), Kosmos, first flew on 27 October 1961. Over 700 Kosmos rockets have been launched overall. Variants Based on the R-12 Kosmos Kosmos (GRAU Index: 63S1, also known as Cosmos), was the name of a Soviet space rocket model active between 1961 and 1967. Kosmos was developed from the R-12 medium-range missile. It was launched a total of 38 times, with twelve failures. Kosmos-2M The Kosmos-2M (GRAU Index: 63S1M, also known as Cosmos-2M) rocket was the prototype preceding the Kosmos-2I rocket. It launched the Kosmos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-216
The RD-215 (, GRAU index: 8D513) was a dual nozzle liquid-fuel rocket engine, burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with AK-27 oxidizer (a mixture of 73% nitric acid and 27% dinitrogen tetroxide [] with iodine as a passivation (chemistry), passivant). It was used in a module of two engines (four nozzles) known as the RD-216 (GRAU index: 8D514). The RD-215 was developed by OKB-456 for Yangel's Yuzhmash R-14 (8K65) ballistic missile. Its variations were also used on the Kosmos-1, Kosmos-3 and Kosmos-3M launch vehicles. Versions The family incorporate many versions: *RD-215 (GRAU index: 8D513): Original design for the R-14 (8K65). Used also on the Kosmos-1 and Kosmos-3 *RD-215U (GRAU index: 8D513U): Improved engine for the R-14U (8K65U). *RD-215M (GRAU index: 8D513M): Improved version used on the Kosmos-3M. *RD-218 (GRAU index: 8D515): Modified design for the R-16 (8K64) first stage. *RD-219 (GRAU index: 8D713): Modified design for the R- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 132
Plesetsk Cosmodrome () is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, near the town of Plesetsk, from which it takes its name. Until 2025 and the commissioning of the Andøya base in Norway, it was the only operational orbital spaceport in Europe and the northernmost spaceport in the world. Originally developed as an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) site for the R-7 missile, its strategic location approximately north of Moscow was key to its selection. Due to its high latitude, Plesetsk is particularly suited for specific types of satellite launches, such as those into Molniya orbits, and historically served as a secondary launch facility. Most Soviet orbital launches were conducted from Baikonur Cosmodrome, located in the Kazakh SSR. However, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became part of Kazakhstan, which began charging Russia to lease the land for its use. As a result, Plesetsk has seen significantly increased activity since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Plesetsk Cosmodrome () is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, near the town of Plesetsk, from which it takes its name. Until 2025 and the commissioning of the Andøya Space, Andøya base in Norway, it was the only operational orbital spaceport in Europe and the northernmost spaceport in the world. Originally developed as an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) site for the R-7 (missile), R-7 missile, its strategic location approximately north of Moscow was key to its selection. Due to its high latitude, Plesetsk is particularly suited for specific types of satellite launches, such as those into Molniya orbits, and historically served as a secondary launch facility. Most Soviet orbital launches were conducted from Baikonur Cosmodrome, located in the Kazakh SSR. However, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became part of Kazakhstan, which began charging Russia to lease the land for its use. As a result, Plesetsk has seen significant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Corporation Polyot
Production Association Polyot () is a Russian aerospace engineering state corporation best known for being the manufacturer of GLONASS satellites and the Kosmos-3M space launch vehicle. The company is based in Omsk, in the Russian Federation. In 2007, the company was integrated into the Khrunichev enterprise. Its full name is ''"Polyot" Manufacturing Corporation – A Branch of The Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center".'' Overview The Kosmos-3M launch vehicle, produced at the company since 1969, has established a reputation as one of the most reliable rockets in its class with a reliability coefficient of 0.97. Polyot also develops navigation satellites, such as Nadezhda, Parus, GLONASS and GLONASS-M. In the aviation sector, the company's products include the AN-3T light multi-purpose aircraft, AN-70 transport aircraft and the AN-74 multi-purpose aircraft. PC Polyot is slated to produce the upcoming ''URM-1'' first stage of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryabhata (satellite)
Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after the astronomer. It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by ISRO and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states. Launch It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching various different Indian satellites. On 19 April 1975, the satellite's 96.46-minute orbit had an apogee of and a perigee of , at an inclination of 50.7 degrees. It was built to c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UK-DMC
UK-DMC or UK-DMC 1, also known as BNSCSAT-1, was a British satellite that formed part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC). It was built by Surrey Satellite Technology, who operated it via DMC International Imaging on behalf of the British National Space Centre and later the UK Space Agency. It was launched alongside other DMC satellites on a Kosmos-3M, Kosmos-3M rocket from Plesetsk on 27 September 2003, and was retired from service in November 2011. Mission As well as carrying remote sensing imaging sensors, the satellite also carries experimental payloads: the CLEO (router), CLEO Cisco router in Low Earth Orbit, an experiment demonstrating GNSS reflectometry, and a water Resistojet rocket, resistojet propulsion system. The UK-DMC demonstrated the first use of the Interplanetary Internet in space. In November 2010, nearing the end of its operational life, UK-DMC was placed into a lower orbit. Deactivation After 8 years in orbit, daily operations of the satellite cea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNAP-1
SNAP-1 is a British nanosatellite in low Earth orbit.C Underwood, G Richardson, J Savignol"In-orbit results from the SNAP-1 nanosatellite and its future potential" Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society, 2003P Fortescue, J Stark, G Swinerd, "Spacecraft Systems Engineering", Third Edition, Wiley - Section 18.7, pages 597-599 The satellite was built at the Surrey Space Centre by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) and members of the University of Surrey. It was launched on 28 June 2000 on board a Kosmos-3M rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia. It shared the launch with a Russian Nadezhda search and relay spacecraft and the Chinese Tsinghua-1 microsatellite. Mission The objectives of the SNAP-1 mission were to: * Develop and prove a modular commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) based nanosatellite bus. * Evaluate new manufacturing techniques and technologies. * Image the Tsinghua-1 microsatellite during its deployment (timed to occur a few seconds after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133
Site 133, also known as Raduga ( meaning ''Rainbow''), is a launch complex at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. It is used by Rockot, and previously Kosmos carrier rockets. It consists of a single pad, originally designated 133/1, and later 133/3. The first launch from Site 133 was of a Kosmos-2I, on 16 March 1967, carrying the Kosmos 148 satellite. 91 Kosmos-2 launches were conducted, the last of which was on 18 June 1977, with Kosmos 919. It was later reactivated as Site 133/3, and supported 38 Kosmos-3M launches between 1985 and 1994. During the late 1990s, Site 133/3 was rebuilt as a surface launch pad for Rockot, following the decision to use it for commercial launches. There were concerns that noise generated during a launch from Site 175 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABRIXAS
A Broadband Imaging X-ray All-sky Survey, or ABRIXAS, was a space-based German X-ray telescope. It was launched on 28 April 1999 in a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle from Kapustin Yar, Russia, into Earth orbit. The orbit had a periapsis of , an apoapsis of , an inclination of 48.0° and an eccentricity of 0.00352, giving it a period of 96 minutes. The telescope's battery was accidentally overcharged and destroyed three days after the mission started. When attempts to communicate with the satellite – while its solar panels were illuminated by sunlight – failed, the $20 million project was abandoned. ABRIXAS decayed from orbit on 31 October 2017. The eROSITA telescope was based on the design of the ABRIXAS observatory. eROSITA was launched on board the Spektr-RG space observatory on 13 July 2019 from Baikonur to be deployed at the second Lagrange point (L2). See also * German space programme The German space programme is the set of projects funded by the government of Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BILSAT-1
BILSAT-1 (formerly just ''BILSAT'') was an Earth observation satellite designed and developed by TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute (TÜBİTAK UZAY) and produced in Turkey as part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) project in the context of a Know-how#Show-how, show-how program led by DMC International Imaging of Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL). Launch BILSAT-1 was launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 132, Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 132/1, Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia by a Kosmos-3M space launch vehicle on September 27, 2003, at 06:12 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC in a multiple-satellite payload launch along with six other satellites, namely Mozhayets-4 and Larets of Russia, NigeriaSat of Nigeria, UK-DMC from the United Kingdom, South Korean STSAT-1 and Germany's Rubin 4-DS. It was placed in a polar orbit, polar, circular, Sun-synchronous orbit, Sun-synchronous geocentric orbit at an altitude of with orbital parameters as orbital period, period 98.5 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuzhnoye Design Office
The ''Pivdenne'' Design Office (), located in Dnipro, Ukraine, is a designer of satellites and rockets, and formerly of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), established by Mikhail Yangel. During the Soviet era, the bureau's OKB designation was OKB-586. The company is in close co-operation with the PA Pivdenmash multi-product machine-building company, also situated in Dnipro. Pivdenmash is the main manufacturer of the models developed by Pivdenne Design Office. Directors * 1954–1971 Mikhail Yangel * 1971–1991 Vladimir Utkin * 1991–2010 * 2010–2020 Products Current Ballistic missiles * Hrim-2 Orbital launch vehicles * Zenit rocket family ** Zenit-2 **Zenit-2M ** Zenit-3F ** Zenit-3SL ** Zenit-3SLB *Antares first stage core, in cooperation with Orbital Sciences Corporation * Dnepr, converted R-36 ICBM * R-36 ICBM, NATO reporting name SS-18 'Satan' Rocket engines *Main engines ** RD-843 ** RD-853 ** RD-859 ** ** RD-861K ** RD-866 ** RD-868 *Steeri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
