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Kontsy
The ''kontsy'' (, , , ) were the five boroughs into which medieval Veliky Novgorod was divided. They were based on the three original settlements that combined to form the city toward the end of the tenth century: the Nerev End, the Liudin ("People's") End (also called the Goncharsky or "Potters" End), and the Slavno End; two later additions - the Plotnitskii ("Carpenters'") End and Zagorodskii ("Beyond the City" or "Beyond the Fortress", as "gorod" meant both "city" and "fortress" at that time) End formed in 1168 and the 1260s respectively. The city was also divided into two sides, although this was probably not a distinct administrative unit as were the ends. The Sofia Side was named after the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom and consisted of the Nerev, Zagorodskii and Liudin Ends. The Trade Side of the city consisted of the Slavno and Plotnitsky Ends. It is believed that the decisions of the all-city veche had to be ratified by the veches of each end, though it is not certain. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Side
The Trade (Slavonic) Side () is a historical district in Veliky Novgorod, Russia, located on the right-bank ("side") of the Volkhov. It got its name from the Torg (city market) located on it. The other half was called the Sophia Side after the Cathedral of St. Sophia. From the 10th to 12th centuries, the Slavonic ''konets'' ("end") of Novgorod was located on the Trade Side. In the 12th century, the Plotnitsky (Carpenters's) ''konets'' was separated from the Slavonic ''konets'', and since then, the Trade Side consisted of two ''kontsy''. The Trade Side began to be populated since the 10th century and the marketplace (Torg) appeared there. In the 11th century Yaroslav's Court Yaroslav's Court (, ''Yaroslavovo Dvorishche'') was the princely compound in the city of Novgorod the Great. Today it is roughly the area around the Trade Mart, the St. Nicholas Cathedral, the Church of St. Procopius, and the Church of the Myrrh ..., the princely residence, was built on this side as well. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Divisions Of The Novgorod Republic
The administrative division of Novgorod Republic is not definitely known; the country was divided into several ''tysyachas'' (lit. thousands) and ''volosts''. The city of Novgorod with its vicinity, as well as a few other towns, were not part of any of those. Pskov achieved an autonomy from Novgorod in the 13th century; its independence was confirmed by the Treaty of Bolotovo in 1348. After the fall of the republic, Novgorod Land, as part of Muscovy, consisted of 5 ''pyatinas'' (literally "fifths") that were further divided into uyezds and pogosts. This division was replaced only in the beginning of 18th century when Peter I introduced guberniyas. Novgorod Republic City of Novgorod Novgorod with its vicinity (located on upper Volkhov and near Ilmen Lake) belonged to a separate territorial unit. The city of Novgorod itself was divided into five ''kontsy'' (концы) or boroughs: Nerevsky, Zagorodsky, Lyudin, Slavensky and Plotnitsky. The city was also divided into two sid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kontsy Velikogo Novgoroda
The ''kontsy'' (, , , ) were the five boroughs into which medieval Veliky Novgorod was divided. They were based on the three original settlements that combined to form the city toward the end of the tenth century: the Nerev End, the Liudin ("People's") End (also called the Goncharsky or "Potters" End), and the Slavno End; two later additions - the Plotnitskii ("Carpenters'") End and Zagorodskii ("Beyond the City" or "Beyond the Fortress", as "gorod" meant both "city" and "fortress" at that time) End formed in 1168 and the 1260s respectively. The city was also divided into two sides, although this was probably not a distinct administrative unit as were the ends. The Sofia Side was named after the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom and consisted of the Nerev, Zagorodskii and Liudin Ends. The Trade Side of the city consisted of the Slavno and Plotnitsky Ends. It is believed that the decisions of the all-city veche had to be ratified by the veches of each end, though it is not certain. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novgorod Veche
According to the traditional scholarship, the veche ( rus, вече, p=ˈvʲetɕə) was the highest legislative and judicial authority in Veliky Novgorod until 1478, when the Novgorod Republic was brought under the direct control of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan III. The origin of the veche is obscure; it is thought to have originated in tribal assemblies in the region, thus predating the Rus' state. After the Novgorod Revolution of 1136 that ousted the ruling prince, the veche became the supreme state authority, although princely power was relatively limited in Novgorod from the start since no hereditary dynasty had been established there. The traditional scholarship lists among the powers of the veche the election of the town officials such as the posadnik, tysyatsky, and even the archbishop (he was then sent to the metropolitan for consecration); it also invited in and dismissed the princes. While it is certainly true that the local officials were elected and some prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod ( ; , ; ), also known simply as Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" part was added to the city's name in 1999. Climate Veliky Novgorod has a humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dfb''). The city has warm summers with temperatures reaching over 30 °C (86 °F) and relatively cold winters with frequent snowfall. The lowest air temperature ever recorded is -45 °C (-49 °F). The warmest month is July with a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Vernadsky
George Vernadsky (; August 20, 1887 – June 12, 1973) was a Russian-born American historian and an author of numerous books on Russian history. European years Born in Saint Petersburg on August 20, 1887, Vernadsky stemmed from a respectable family of the Russian intelligentsia. His father was Vladimir Vernadsky, a famous Russian/Ukrainian geologist. He entered the Moscow University (where his father was professor) in 1905 but, due to the disturbances of the First Russian Revolution, had to spend the next two years in Germany, at the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg and the University of Berlin, where he imbibed the doctrines of Heinrich Rickert. Back in Russia, Vernadsky resumed his course at the Moscow University, graduating with honors in 1910. His instructors included the historians Vasily Klyuchevsky and Robert Vipper. The young scholar declined to continue his career in the university after the 1910 Kasso affair and moved to Saint Petersburg University, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Sophia Cathedral In Novgorod
The Cathedral of Saint Sophia, the Holy Wisdom of God () in Veliky Novgorod, Russia, is the cathedral church of the Metropolitan of Novgorod and the mother church of the Novgorodian Eparchy. History The 38-metre-high, five-domed, stone cathedral was built by Vladimir of Novgorod and Bishop Luka Zhidiata between 1045 and 1050 to replace an oaken cathedral built by Bishop Ioakim Korsunianin in the late tenth century. This makes it the oldest church building in Russia outside the Caucasus ( Tkhaba-Yerdy in Ingushetia dates from before the 8th century) and the oldest building of any kind still in use in the country, with the exception of the Arkhyz and Shoana churches. It was consecrated by Bishop Luka Zhidiata (1035–1060) on September 14, in 1050 or 1052, the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross. (A fresco just inside the south entrance depicts Sts. Constantine and Helena, who found the true cross in the fourth century; it is one of the oldest works of art in the ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starosta
Starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', ) is a community elder in some Slavic lands. The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In reference to a municipality, a ''starosta'' was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal, and analogous to a '' gubernator''. In Poland, a ''starosta'' administered crown territory or a district called a '' starostwo''. In the early Middle Ages, a ''starosta'' could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an '' artel'' starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies. Czech Republic and Slovakia In the Czech Republic and Slovakia ''starosta'' is the title of a mayor of a town or village. Mayors of major cities use th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
