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Konstantinas Olšauskas
Konstantinas Olšauskas (1867–1933) was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest active in public life and convicted of murder in 1929. After graduating from the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy in 1892, he was assigned as chaplain to the Liepāja Gymnasium and parish priest in Debeikiai and Rozalimas where he joined Lithuanian cultural life and helped distribute the Lithuanian press ban, banned Lithuanian books. In 1904, on the eve of the Russian Revolution of 1905, he was transferred to the Holy Cross Church, Kaunas. In Kaunas, Olšauskas organized the Workers' Society of St. Joseph as a counterbalance for various socialist organizations. He became long-term chairman of the Saulė Society that was organized in 1906 to establish and maintain Lithuanian schools in the Kovno Governorate. For three months in 1911, Olšauskas and Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas toured Lithuanian American communities to collect donations for the construction of Saulė headquarters that was comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plungė
Plungė (; Samogitian: ''Plongė''; ) is a city in Lithuania with 17,252 inhabitants. Plunge is the capital of the Plungė District Municipality which has 33,251 inhabitants (2022). Two parts of the city are separated by the Babrungas River and two bridges are built over it. Plungė is known for Plungė Manor and its park, where the Samogitian Art Museum is located. In the Oginskiai manor park stands the Perkūnas oak natural monument. The Lourdes grotto of Plungė was created in 1905 and attracts visitors. In the center of Plungė stands a monument for the 10th anniversary of regaining the independence of Lithuania and a sculpture of Saint Florian built by the Lithuanian book carrier Kazys Barzdys. The city has a crab stick factory which exports to many countries in Europe. History It is thought that the territory in which Plungė is situated was inhabited in 5th–1st centuries BC. After the Treaty of Melno, county seats were established in the forests of Samogitia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Von Der Ropp
Edward Ropp (; 1851–1939) was a Polish nobleman of Baltic German origins, Bishop of Vilnius and Catholic Church, Roman Catholic metropolitan archbishop of Mogilev. He was born 2 December 1851 near Līksna in present-day LatviaJānis Svilāns and Alberts Budže (2008), ''Latvijas Romas Katoļu Priesteri, I'', p. 229, and died on 25 July 1939 in Poznań, Poland. Early life Edward Ropp was the third of four sons of Julian Emeryk Ropp, a Polish noble, descendant of the Baltic German nobility. His father was a direct descendant of Theodoricus de Raupena, the eldest brother of Albert of Riga, Bishop Albert who founded the city of Riga in 1201. His mother, Izabela Józefa Plater-Zyberk, daughter of civil vicegovernor of Vilnius Michał Plater-Zyberk, was from a family which owned estates at both Lixna (Līksna) in Latgale (then Vitebsk Governorate) and Bebrene Manor, Bewern (Bebrene) in Sēlija (then Courland Governorate). Edward Ropp was born in Līksna on December 2, 1851. He rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prelate
A prelate () is a high-ranking member of the Minister (Christianity), Christian clergy who is an Ordinary (church officer), ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries. The word derives from the Latin , the past participle of , which means 'carry before', 'be set above or over' or 'prefer'; hence, a prelate is one set over others. The archetypal prelate is a bishop, whose prelature is his particular church. All other prelates, including the religious institute, regular prelates such as abbots and major superiors, are based upon this original model of prelacy. Related terminology In a general sense, a "prelate" in the Catholic Church and other Christian churches is a bishop or other ecclesiastical person who possesses ordinary authority of a jurisdiction, i.e., of a diocese or similar jurisdiction, e.g., ordinariates, apostolic vicar, vicariates/exarch, exarchates, or territorial abbacies. It equally applies to Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinals, who enjoy a kind of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
Paris () is the capital and largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the arts and sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or about 19% of the population of France. The Paris Region had a nominal GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion when adjusted for PPP) in 2021, the highest in the European Union. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Lithuania
In the history of Lithuania, the Council of Lithuania (; ; ), after July 11, 1918, the State Council of Lithuania () was convened at the Vilnius Conference that took place between 18 and 23 September 1917. The twenty men who composed the council at first were of different ages, social statuses, professions, and political affiliations. The council was granted the executive authority of the Lithuanian people and was entrusted to establish an independent Lithuanian state. On 16 February 1918, the members of the council signed the Act of Independence of Lithuania and declared Lithuania an independent state based on democratic principles. 16 February is celebrated as Lithuania's State Restoration Day. The council managed to establish the proclamation of independence despite the presence of German troops in the country until the autumn of 1918. By the spring of 1919, the council had almost doubled in size. The council continued its efforts until the Constituent Assembly of Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Litas
The Lithuanian litas (ISO 4217, ISO currency code LTL, symbolized as Lt; plural ''litai'' (nominative) or ''litų'' (genitive) was the currency of Lithuania, until 1 January 2015, when it was replaced by the euro. It was divided into 100 Cent (currency), centų (genitive case; singular ''centas'', nominative plural ''centai''). The litas was first introduced on 2 October 1922 after World War I, when Lithuania declared independence, and was reintroduced on 25 June 1993 following a period of currency exchange from the Soviet ruble to the litas with the temporary Lithuanian talonas, talonas then in place. The name was modeled after the name of the country (similar to Latvia and its Latvian lats, lats). From 1994 to 2002, the litas was Fixed exchange rate, pegged to the U.S. dollar at the rate of 4 to 1. The litas was pegged to the euro at the rate of 3.4528 to 1 since 2002. The euro was expected to replace the litas by 1 January 2007, but persistent high inflation and the economic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lausanne
Lausanne ( , ; ; ) is the capital and largest List of towns in Switzerland, city of the Swiss French-speaking Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. It is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, about halfway between the Jura Mountains and the Alps, and facing the French town of Évian-les-Bains across the lake. Lausanne is located (as the crow flies) northeast of Geneva, the nearest major city. The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland convenes in Lausanne, although it is not the ''de jure'' capital of the nation. The municipality of Lausanne has a population of about 140,000, making it the List of cities in Switzerland, fourth largest city in Switzerland after Basel, Geneva, and Zurich, with the entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants (as of January 2019). The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva (including Vevey-Montreux, Yverdon-les-Bains, Valais and foreign parts), commonly designated as ''Lake Geneva region, Arc lémanique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV (; ; born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, ; 21 November 1854 – 22 January 1922) was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His pontificate was largely overshadowed by World War I and its political, social, and humanitarian consequences in Europe. Between 1846 and 1903, the Catholic Church had experienced two of its longest pontificates in history up to that point. Together Pius IX and Leo XIII ruled for a total of 57 years. In 1914, the College of Cardinals chose della Chiesa at the relatively young age of 59 at the outbreak of World War I, which he labeled "the suicide of civilized Europe". The war and its consequences were the main focus of Benedict XV. He immediately declared the neutrality of the Holy See and attempted from that perspective to mediate peace in 1916 and 1917. Both sides rejected his initiatives. German Protestants rejected any "Papal Peace" as insulting. The French politician Georges Clemenceau r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Schools In Voronezh
Lithuanian schools in Voronezh were organized by Lithuanian war refugees in Voronezh during World War I. Lithuanian students and teachers were evacuated from Vilnius to Voronezh in August 1915 by the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers. The schools were closed in 1918 when most of the Lithuanians returned home. Thanks to the efforts of Martynas Yčas, a member of the Russian State Duma, the Lithuanian Society received significant funds from the Imperial Tatiana Committee which allowed Lithuanians to establish boys' and girls' gymnasiums as well as other schools and courses culminating with the People's University (a folk high school) in September 1917. All students received full room and board, including clothing and textbooks, for free. The schools employed a number of prominent Lithuanians, including Pranas Mašiotas, linguists Jonas Jablonskis and Juozas Balčikonis, Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė. Students organized their own societies, most prominent of which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Society For The Relief Of War Sufferers
The Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers () was a Lithuanian charity organization that was active from 1914 to 1918. It was founded by various Lithuanian political figures as a committee to assist Lithuanian refugees of the First World War, gradually turning into an organization supporting Lithuanian education and independence. History Origins The organization was first established in August 1914 as the Lithuanian Provisional Committee for the Relief of Victims of War by the initiative of the Lithuanian political center, an unofficial organization of representatives of various Lithuanian political parties (except social democrats). The committee initially hosted more than 1000 refugees at the start of the war. As the number of refugees grew, it was renamed to the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of Victims of War. Activity The organization was initially centered in Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1915, up to 120 offices provided assistance for refugees, and the organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viltis (newspaper)
''Viltis'' (literally: ''hope'') was a Lithuanian-language newspaper published in Vilnius in 1907–1915 and 1991–1994. The newspapers was established in October 1907 by Antanas Smetona and Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. It promoted unity among Lithuanians attempting to bring together conservative Catholic clergy and more liberal intelligentsia. The newspaper concentrated on cultural matters as opposed to politics or news reports. It was supported by the clergy, but it was not a religious newspaper. Eventually, the clergy grew dissatisfied with the secular and moderate tone and Smetona left in 1913 to establish a separate newspaper '' Vairas''. The intellectuals around ''Viltis'' became known as ''viltininkai'' and formed an early embryo of the Lithuanian Nationalist Union, the ruling party in Lithuania in 1926–1940. ''Viltis'' was discontinued due to World War I. It was briefly resurrected in the early 1990s by the Lithuanian Nationalist Union. ''Viltis'' in 1907–1915 History T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
