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Kommunalka
Communal apartments (, colloquial: ''kommunalka'') are apartments in which several unrelated persons or families live in isolated living rooms and share common areas such a kitchen, shower, and toilet. When the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917 after the October Revolution, to cope with the housing shortage, they nationalised luxurious apartment blocks from rich people to make them available to the proletariat. The term ''communal apartments'' emerged specifically in the Soviet Union, ''kommunalkas'' became the predominant form of housing for generations. Communal apartments were supposed to be a temporary solution and were in fact phased out in many cities of the country. Due to the Second World War, large population influxes from the countryside and a lack of investment in new housing, ''kommunalkas'' still exist in some former Soviet cities, such as Saint Petersburg. History The first communal apartments appeared in the early 18th century, when rental lodging was partitioned by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the Saint Petersburg metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khrushchevka
''Khrushchevkas'' ( rus, хрущёвка, khrushchyovka, p=xrʊˈɕːɵfkə) are a type of low-cost, concrete-Panel building, paneled or brick three- to five-storied apartment buildings (and apartments in these buildings) which were designed and constructed in the Soviet Union since the early 1960s (when their namesake, Nikita Khrushchev, was leader of the Soviet Union). With the beginning of the construction of "Khrushchyovkas," Soviet housing development became predominantly industrial. Compared to "Stalinkas", which were usually built from brick, Khrushchyovkas had smaller apartments, and their Functionalism (architecture), functionalist-style architecture was extremely simple. However, the first-generation buildings surpassed the typical two-story wooden apartment buildings of the Stalin era in many ways and significantly alleviated the acute housing shortage. These buildings were constructed from 1956 to the mid-1970s. In the late 1960s, "Brezhnevkas" began to replace Kh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Little Golden Calf
''The Little Golden Calf'' (, ''Zolotoy telyonok'') is a satirical picaresque novel by Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, published in 1931. Its main character, Ostap Bender, also appears in a previous novel by the authors called ''The Twelve Chairs''. The title alludes to the "golden calf" of the Bible. Plot summary Ostap Bender is still alive (but sports a scar across his neck), after barely surviving the assassination attempt in the previous book, which he once briefly mentions as "stupid business". This time he hears a story about a "clandestine millionaire" named Alexandr Koreiko. Koreiko has made millions through various illegal enterprises by taking advantage of the widespread corruption in the New Economic Policy (NEP) period while pretending to live on an office clerk's salary of 46 rubles a month. Koreiko lives in ''Chernomorsk'' (literally: Black Sea city, referring to the city of Odesa) and keeps his large stash of ill-gotten money in a suitcase, waiting for the fall of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cohabitation (film)
''Cohabitation'' (, literally "Compaction) is a 1918Kristin Thompson, David Bordwell, ''Film History: An Introduction'', Chapter 6: "Soviet cinema in the 1920s" agitprop silent full feature film directed by Anatoli Dolinov, Donat Pashkovsky and . It was produced by the Petrograd Cinema Committee and scripted by Anatoli Lunacharsky, People's Commissar of Education. Plot A locksmith with his daughter were added to live in the apartment of a professor, as a matter of (see ) . The apartment is then visited by various factory workers and the professor decides to start lecturing in the working club. The younger son falls in love with the worker's daughter and they decide to get married. The elder son of the professor, a yunker student, dislikes the new tenants of the apartment. In the end of the film he is arrested. Starring * Ivan Lersky as locksmith Pulnikov * Dmitry Leshchenko as professor Khrustin * Anatoli Lunacharsky, cameo appearance A cameo appearance, also ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heart Of A Dog
''Heart of a Dog'' (, ) is a novella by Russian author Mikhail Bulgakov. A biting satire of Bolshevism, it was written in 1925 at the height of the New Economic Policy, a period during which communism appeared to be relaxing in the Soviet Union. It is generally interpreted as an allegory of the communist revolution and "the revolution's misguided attempt to radically transform mankind". Its publication was initially prohibited in the Soviet Union, but it circulated in samizdat until it was officially released in the country in 1987. It was almost immediately adapted into Heart of a Dog (1988 film), a movie, which was aired in late 1988 on First Channel of Soviet Television, was widely praised and attracted many readers to the original Bulgakov text. Since then, the novella has become a cultural phenomenon in Russia, known and discussed by people "from schoolchildren to politicians". It was filmed in Russian and Italian language versions, and was adapted in English as a play and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ProQuest
ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan-based global information-content and technology company, founded in 1938 as University Microfilms by Eugene Power. ProQuest is known for its applications and information services for libraries, providing access to dissertations, theses, ebooks, newspapers, periodicals, historical collections, governmental archives, cultural archives,"Jisc and ProQuest Enable Access to Essential Digital Content" , retrieved May 21, 2014 and other aggregated databases. This content was estimated to be around 125 billion digital pages. The company began operations as a producer of microfilm products, subsequently shifting to electronic publishing, and later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svetlana Boym
Svetlana Boym (; 1959 – August 5, 2015) was a Russian-American cultural theorist, visual and media artist, playwright and novelist. She was the Curt Hugo Reisinger Professor of Slavic and Comparative Literatures at Harvard University. She was an associate of the Graduate School of Design and Architecture at Harvard University. Much of her work focused on developing the new theoretical concept of the off-modern. Biography Boym was born in Leningrad, USSR. She studied Spanish at the Herzen Pedagogical Institute in Leningrad. At the age of 19, she emigrated to Boston, after spending time at a refugee transit camp in Simmering, a district of Vienna. Her father subsequently lost his position as an engineer, and her parents were denied the right to leave the USSR for six years. She received an M.A. from Boston University and a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1988. Boym died on August 5, 2015, aged 56, in Boston, Massachusetts, from cancer. She was survived by her partner, the political the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propiska In The Soviet Union
A propiska ( rus, пропи́ска, p=prɐˈpʲiskə, a=Ru-прописка.ogg, plural: ''propiski'') was both a written residency permit and a internal migration, migration-recording tool, used in the Russian Empire before 1917 and in the Soviet Union from 1932 until 1991. The USSR had both permanent ( or ) and temporary () propiskas. In the transition period to a market economy in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the ''permanent propiska'' in municipal apartments was a factor that allowed dwellers to obtain Private property rights, private-property rights on the living space they were "inscripted" in during Privatization in Russia, privatization (those who built housing at their own expense obtained a ''permanent propiska'' there by definition). Etymology Originally, the noun ''propiska'' meant the clerical procedure of ''registration'', of enrolling the person (writing his or her name) into the police records of the local population (or wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roommate
A roommate is a person with whom one shares a living facility such as a room or dormitory ''except'' when being family or romantically involved. Similar terms include dorm-mate, suite-mate, housemate, or flatmate ("flat": the usual term in British English for an apartment). Flatmate is the term most commonly used in New Zealand, when referring to the rental of an unshared room within any type of dwelling. Another similar term is sharemate (shared living spaces are often called ''sharehouses'' in Australia and other Commonwealth countries). A sharehome is a model of household in which a group of usually unrelated people reside together, including lease-by-room arrangements. The term generally applies to people living together in rental properties rather than in properties in which any resident is an Owner-occupier, owner occupier. In the United Kingdom, the term "roommate" means a person sharing the same ''bedroom''; in the United States and Canada, "roommate" and "housemate" are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privatization In Russia
Privatization in Russia describes the series of post-Soviet reforms that resulted in large-scale privatization of Russia's state-owned assets, particularly in the industrial, energy, and financial sectors. Most privatization took place in the early and mid-1990s under Boris Yeltsin, who assumed the presidency following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Private ownership of enterprises and property had essentially remained illegal throughout the Soviet era, with Soviet Communism emphasizing national control over all means of production but human labor. Under the Soviet Union, the number of state enterprises was estimated at 45,000. Privatization facilitated the transfer of significant wealth to a relatively small group of business oligarchs and New Russians, particularly natural gas and oil executives. This economic transition has been described as ''katastroika'', which is a combination of ''catastrophe'' and the term ''perestroika'', and as "the most cataclysmic peaceti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
