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Komberatoro Language
Dera (Dra, Dla) Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. In Papua New Guinea, it is primarily spoken in Kamberataro village (), Amanab Rural LLG, Sandaun Province. Dialects There are two dialects, namely ''Dla proper'' and ''Menggwa Dla''. Dla proper is spoken in the three main villages of Kamberatoro Mission (3°36′S 141°03′E; 1299 feet) in Papua New Guinea, Amgotro Mission (3°38′S 140°58′E; 1969 feet) and Komando village in Papua Province, Indonesia. Komando village was formerly a Dutch border post. Other Dla proper speaking villages in Papua New Guinea are Tamarbek (), Akamari (), New Kamberatoro; Old Kamberatoro, ‘Border Village’, Nimberatoro (), Nindebai (), Mamamora (), Yamamainda (), Orkwanda (), and Lihen (). While Papua Province in Indonesia has the Dla villages of Amgotro, Komando, Indangan, Mongwefi, Buku, and Agrinda, which are mostly located in Yaffi District, Keerom Regency. Menggwa Dla, the le ...
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Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ...
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. It has Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border, a land border with Indonesia to the west and neighbours Australia to the south and the Solomon Islands to the east. Its capital, on its southern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest list of island countries, island country, with an area of . The nation was split in the 1880s between German New Guinea in the North and the Territory of Papua, British Territory of Papua in the South, the latter of which was ceded to Australia in 1902. All of present-day Papua New Guinea came under Australian control following World War I, with the legally distinct Territory of New Guinea being established out of the former German colony as a League of Nations mandate. T ...
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Papua (province)
Papua is a provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of the Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri, and is divided into eight regency (Indonesia), regencies () and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. It is bordered by the nation of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares Maritime boundary, maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Papua, along with the five other Western New Guinea#Administration, Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to other Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian provinces. Before 2003, the province (known as Irian Barat from 1962 to 1973 and Irian Jaya from 1973 to 2002) covered the entirety of Western N ...
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Keerom Regency
Keerom Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in the Papua Province of Indonesia. It was formed from the eastern districts then within Jayapura Regency with effect from 12 November 2002. It covers an area of 9,365 km2, and had a population of 48,536 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 61,623 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 63,499 (comprising 33,403 males and 30,096 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Keerom Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.9111) The regency's administrative centre is at the town of Waris. Keerom Regency is located in the border area between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, in Papua Province. It borders Green River Rural LLG and Amanab Rural LLG of Sandaun Province (in Papua New Guinea) to the east, Highland Papua Province to the south and Jayapura Regency Jayapura Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in Pa ...
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Senagi Languages
The Senagi languages are a small language family, family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross, that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea languages, Trans–New Guinea proposal. They consist of the two languages Angor language, Angor and Dera language, Dera. The Angor language is unusual in that it distinguishes gender in the second- and third-person dual (grammatical number), dual and plural ''(you'' and ''they),'' but not in the singular. It is not clear if Dera does the same. In Papua New Guinea, they are spoken in Amanab Rural LLG of Sandaun Province. They are also spoken across the border in Keerom Regency, Indonesia. Classification The Senagi family consists of only two languages: * Senagi family: Angor language, Angor, Dera language, Dera The most promising external links are with the Sepik languages, Sepik and Torricelli languages, Torricelli languages. The pronoun for "I" is reconstructed as ''*wan'' for both ...
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Amanab Rural LLG
Amanab Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located along the border with Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia and is about 4 to 5 hours' drive from Vanimo town. Kwomtari languages Kwomtari is the eponymous language of the Kwomtari languages, Kwomtari family of Papua New Guinea. Spencer (2008) is a short grammar of Kwomtari. The language has an SOV constituent order and nominative–accusative alignment. Both subjects and ... and Awai languages are spoken in Amanab Rural LLG. Wards *01. Bibriari *02. Porumun *03. Itomi *04. Mamamura *05. Wahai *06. Kamberatoro *07. Kofiniau *08. Iafar *09. Naineri *10. Wamuru *11. Aheri *12. Amanab *13. Iveig *14. Akraminag *15. Masineri-Nai 2 *16. Utai *17. Guriaso *18. Komtari References * * {{Districts of Sandaun Province Local-level governments of Sandaun Province ...
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Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland Provinces of Papua New Guinea, province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13868 m2) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake, tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia. Name Sandaun is a Tok Pisin word derived from English "sun down," since the province is located in the west of the country, where the sun sets. The province was formerly named West Sepik Province, for the Sepik, Sepik River that flows through the province and forms part of the province's southern border. Physical Geography The Sandaun Province has beaches ...
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Papua Province
Papua is a province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of the Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri, and is divided into eight regencies () and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. It is bordered by the nation of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Papua, along with the five other Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to other Indonesian provinces. Before 2003, the province (known as Irian Barat from 1962 to 1973 and Irian Jaya from 1973 to 2002) covered the entirety of Western New Guinea, a region also known as "Papua". In 2002, Papua adopted its current name and was granted a special autono ...
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Tok Pisin
Tok Pisin ( ,Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh ; ), often referred to by English speakers as New Guinea Pidgin or simply Pidgin, is an English-based creole languages, English creole language spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an official Languages of Papua New Guinea, language of Papua New Guinea and the most widely used language in the country. In parts of the southern provinces of Western Province (Papua New Guinea), Western, Gulf Province, Gulf, Central Province (Papua New Guinea), Central, Oro Province, Oro, and Milne Bay Province, Milne Bay, the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history and is less universal, especially among older people. Between five and six million people use Tok Pisin to some degree, though not all speak it fluently. Many now learn it as a first language, in particular the children of parents or grandparents who originally spoke different languages (for example, a mother from Madang and a father from Rabaul). Ur ...
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Papuan Malay
Papuan Malay or Irian Malay is a Malay-based creole, Malay-based creole language spoken in the Papua (Indonesia), Indonesian part of New Guinea. It emerged as a contact language among tribes in Indonesian New Guinea (now Papua (Indonesian province), Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, West Papua (province), West Papua, and Southwest Papua) for trading and daily communication. Nowadays, it has a growing number of native speakers. More recently, the vernacular of Indonesian Indigenous people of New Guinea, Papuans has been influenced by Indonesian language, Standard Indonesian, the national standard language, standard dialect. It is spoken in Indonesian New Guinea alongside 274 other languages and functions as a lingua franca. Papuan Malay belongs to the Malayic sub-branch within the Western Malayo-Polynesian languages, Western-Malayo-Polynesian (WMP) branch of the Austronesian language family. Some linguists have suggested that Papuan Malay has its roots in North M ...
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Angor Language
Angor (Anggor) Senagi is a Senagi language of northern Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in 11 villages of Amanab Rural LLG, Sandaun Province Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland Provinces of Papua New Guinea, province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13868 m2) and has a population ..., including Senagi village () of Bibriari ward. Dialects Dialects are Wai (Central Anggor) and Samanai (Southern Anggor). Loving and Bass (1964) list these Anggor dialects and their villages:Loving, Richard and Jack Bass. 1964. ''Languages of the Amanab Sub-District''. Port Moresby: Department of Information and Extension Services. *''Western'': Mongo *''Central west'': Amandan (), Fisi, Kwaraman (), Puramen () *''Central east'': Akrani, Baribari, Bibriari (), Merere, Nai (), Senagi (), Unupuwai, Wamu () *''Southern'': Samanai Writing system Phonology Consonants Angor has the following 18 ...
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Languages Of Sandaun Province
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. Human languages possess the properties of productivity and displacement, which enable the creation of an infinite number of sentences, and the ability to refer to objects, events, and ideas that are not immediately present in the discourse. The use of human language relies on social convention and is acquired through learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media us ...
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