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Kodjabashis
The kodjabashis (; singular κοτζάμπασης, ''kotzabasis''; ; from from and ) were local Christian notables in parts of the Ottoman Balkans, most often referring to Ottoman Greece and especially the Peloponnese. They were also known in Greek as ''proestoi'' or ''prokritoi'' (προεστοί/πρόκριτοι, "primates") or ''demogerontes'' (δημογέροντες, "elders of the people"). In some places they were elected (such in the islands for example), but, especially in the Peloponnese, they soon became a hereditary oligarchy, who exercised considerable influence and held posts in the Ottoman administration. The title was also present in Ottoman Serbia and Bosnia, where it was known as ''starešina'' ("elder, chief") instead of the official Turkish name. The terms '' chorbaji'' (from Turkish ''çorbacı'') and '' knez'' (a Slavic title) were also used for this type of primates, in Bulgaria and Serbia respectively. The equivalent of the kodjabashis in Orthodox v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Titles
This is a list of titles and appellations used in the Ottoman Empire. In place of surnames, Muslims in the Empire carried titles such as "Sultan", " Paşa", "Ağa", "Hoca", "Bey", " Hanım", " Efendi", etc. These titles either defined their formal profession (such as Pasha, Hoca, etc.) or their informal status within the society (such as Bey, Agha, Hanım, Efendi, etc.). Later, family surnames were made mandatory in Turkey by the 1934 Surname Law. Usage by Ottoman royalty The sovereigns' main titles were Sultan, Padishah (Emperor) and Khan; which were of various origins such as Arabic, Persian and Turkish or Mongolian, respectively. His full style was the result of a long historical accumulation of titles expressing the empire's rights and claims as successor to the various states it annexed or subdued. Beside these imperial titles, Caesar of Rome was among the important titles claimed by Sultan Mehmed II after the conquest of Constantinople. The title sultan (), originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Greece
The vast majority of the territory of present-day Greece was at some point incorporated within the Ottoman Empire. The period of Ottoman rule in Greece, lasting from the mid-15th century until the successful Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821 and the First Hellenic Republic was proclaimed in 1822, is known in Greece as Turkocracy (). Some regions, like the Ionian islands and various temporary Republic of Venice, Venetian possessions of the Stato da Mar, were not incorporated in the Ottoman Empire. The Mani Peninsula in the Peloponnese was not fully integrated into the Ottoman Empire, but was under Ottoman suzerainty. The Eastern Roman Empire, which ruled most of the Greek-speaking world for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the Fourth Crusade of 1204. Having defeated the Serbs, the Ottomans fall of Constantinople, captured Constantinople in 1453 and soon advanced southwards capturing Athens in 1456 and the Peloponnese in 1460. By the early 16th century, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obor-knez
''Ober-knez'' ( sr-Cyrl, обер-кнез) was a title borne by elected local native Serbs, Serbian chiefs (''Knyaz'') of the ''Nahiye (Ottoman), nahiyah'' (district of a group of villages) in the Sanjak of Smederevo (also known as the Pashalik of Belgrade) within the Ottoman Empire. The ''ober-knez'' was the senior chief and responsible for his district's people and was their spokesman (intermediary) in direct relations with the Pasha, though usually through the ''sipahi'' (elite cavalry), and was in charge of the transfer of taxes levied on the villages. The ''vojvoda'' and ''ober-knez'' titles were given to people approved by the Pasha. The title was hereditary, being Patrilineality, succeeded by one's son. The ''ober-knez'', as a senior, had several ''knezes'' under him, who held sub-districts or one village each. History In 1788, Koča's frontier rebellion saw eastern Šumadija occupied by Austrian Serbian freikorps and hajduks. The Siege of Belgrade (1789), Siege of Belgra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morea Eyalet
The Eyalet of the Morea () was a first-level province ('' eyalet'') of the Ottoman Empire, centred on the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. History From the Ottoman conquest to the 17th century The Ottoman Empire overran the Peloponnese between 1458 and 1460, conquering the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire, with the exception of the Venetian strongholds,Kazhdan (1991), p. 1621 which were taken gradually over decades of intermittent Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Coron and Modon fell in 1500, and by 1540, the Ottoman conquest of the Peloponnese had been completed with the capture of Monemvasia and Nauplion.Bées & Savvides (1993), p. 239Zarinebaf, Bennet & Davis (2005), p. 21 Upon its conquest, the peninsula was made a '' sanjak'' of the Rumelia Eyalet, with its capital first at Corinth (Turk. ''Kordos'' or ''Gördes''), later in Leontari (''Londari''), Mystras (''Mezistre'' or ''Misistire'') and finally in Nauplion (Tr. ''Anaboli'').Bées & Savvides (1993), p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klephts
Klephts (; Greek κλέφτης, ''kléftis'', pl. κλέφτες, ''kléftes'', which means "thieves" and perhaps originally meant just "brigand": "Other Greeks, taking to the mountains, became unofficial, self-appointed armatoles and were known as klephts (from the Greek ''kleptes'', "brigand").") were highwaymen turned self-appointed armatoloi, anti-Ottoman insurgents, and warlike mountain-folk who lived in the countryside when Greece was a part of the Ottoman Empire. They were the descendants of Greeks who retreated into the mountains during the 15th century in order to avoid Ottoman rule.: "The klephts were descendants of Greeks who fled into the mountains to avoid the Turks in the fifteenth century and who remained active as brigands into the nineteenth century." Klepht bands also included many ethnic Albanians. They carried on a continuous war against Ottoman rule and remained active as brigands until the 19th century. The terms kleptomania and kleptocracy are derived fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christians From The Ottoman Empire
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term '' mashiach'' () (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.3 billion Christians around the world, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, about 26% live in Europe, 24% live in sub-Saharan Africa, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Words And Phrases
Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The word that Iranian Azerbaijanis use for the Azerbaijani language * Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkey), 1299–1922, previously sometimes known as the Turkish Empire ** Ottoman Turkish, the Turkish language used in the Ottoman Empire * Turkish Airlines, an airline * Turkish music (style), a musical style of European composers of the Classical music era * Turkish, a character in the 2000 film '' Snatch'' See also * * * Turk (other) * Turki (other) * Turkic (other) * Turkey (other) * Turkiye (other) * Turkish Bath (other) * Turkish population, the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world * Culture of Turkey * History of Turkey ** History of the Republic of Turkey * Turkic languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire developed over the years as a despotism with the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that had an effective control of its Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire, provinces, officials and inhabitants. Wealth and rank could be inherited but were just as often earned. Positions were perceived as List of Ottoman titles and appellations, titles, such as viziers and ''Agha (Ottoman Empire), aghas''. Military of the Ottoman Empire, Military service was a key to many problems. The expansion of the Empire called for a systematic administrative organization that developed into a dual system of military ("Central Government") and civil administration ("Provincial System") and developed a kind of separation of powers: higher executive functions were carried out by the military authorities and judiciary, judicial and basic administration were carried out by civil authorities. Outside this system were vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligarchy
Oligarchy (; ) is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Members of this group, called oligarchs, generally hold usually hard, but sometimes soft power through nobility, fame, wealth, or education; or through corporate, religious, political, or military control. Throughout history, power structures considered to be oligarchies have often been viewed as coercive, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist. Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, contrasting it with aristocracy, arguing that oligarchy was a corruption of aristocracy. Types Minority rule The consolidation of power by a dominant minority, whether religious or ethnic, can be considered a form of oligarchy. Examples include South Africa during apartheid, Liberia under Americo-Liberians, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and Rhodesia. In these cases, oligarchic rule was often tied to the legacy of colonialism. In the early 20th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Balkans Since 1453
''The Balkans Since 1453'' is a book by the Greek-Canadian historian L.S. Stavrianos published in 1958. It is a large, synthetic work which encompasses the major political, economic and cultural events of the Balkans from the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the late 1940s. Stavrianos paid particular attention to the national awakening and the nation-building Nation-building is constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state. Nation-building aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable. According to Harris Mylonas, ... process in the Balkans. The book was highly acclaimed by many historians of the Balkans, including Traian Stoianovich and Mark Mazower. External links Jason C. Mavrovitis on the book 1958 non-fiction books History books about the Balkans 20th-century history books English-language non-fiction books {{Europe-hist-book-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phanariotes
Phanariots, Phanariotes, or Fanariots (, , ) were members of prominent Greek families in Phanar (Φανάρι, modern ''Fener''), the chief Greek quarter of Constantinople where the Ecumenical Patriarchate is located, who traditionally occupied four important positions in the Ottoman Empire: Hospodar of Moldavia, Hospodar of Wallachia, Grand Dragoman of the Porte and Grand Dragoman of the Fleet. Despite their cosmopolitanism and often-Western education, the Phanariots were aware of their Greek ancestry and culture; according to Nicholas Mavrocordatos' ''Philotheou Parerga'', "We are a race completely Hellenic". They emerged as a class of wealthy Greek merchants (of mostly noble Byzantine descent) during the second half of the 16th century, and were influential in the administration of the Ottoman Empire's Balkan domains in the 18th century. The Phanariots usually built their houses in the Phanar quarter to be near the court of the Patriarch, who (under the Ottoman millet sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
