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Kobzari
A ''kobzar'' ( ; ) was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment, played on a multistringed kobza or bandura. Tradition The professional kobzar tradition was established during the Hetmanate Era around the sixteenth century in Ukraine. Kobzari were often blind and became predominantly so by the 1800s. ''Kobzar'' literally means 'kobza player', a Ukrainian stringed instrument of the lute family, and more broadly — a performer of the musical material associated with the kobzar tradition. Kobzari also played the bandura, an instrument which was likely developed from the kobza. Kozak Mamai and early origins Kozak Mamai ( Ukrainian: Козак Мамай) is a popular and iconic image that has many variants, but usually features a man sitting cross-legged and playing a kobza. The hairstyle is often a ''chupryna'' of Kozak style. Various items often surround Kozak Mamai including a horse, a tree, a rifle, a sword, and a gunpowder horn, and sometimes a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandura
A bandura ( ) is a Ukrainians, Ukrainian plucked string instrument, plucked-string folk-instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often called a kobza. Early instruments () had 5 to 12 strings and resembled lutes. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased initially to 31 strings (1926), then to 56 strings – 68 strings on modern "concert" instruments (1954).Mizynec, V. ''Folk Instruments of Ukraine''. Bayda Books, Melbourne, Australia, 1987, 48с. Musicians who play the bandura are referred to as bandurists. In the 19th and early 20th centuries traditional bandura players, often blind, were called kobzars. It is suggested that the instrument developed as a hybrid of gusli (Eastern-European psaltery) and kobza (Eastern-European lute). Some also consider the ''kobza'' as a type or an instrument resembling the ''bandura''. The term ''bandura'' occurs in Polish chronicles from 1441. The hybridization, however, occurred in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slobozhan Kobzars
The kobzari of the Slobozhan bandura tradition were kobzari who lived in Sloboda Ukraine around the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine. They include Petro Drevchenko, Pavlo Hashchenko, Hnat Honcharenko, Horobetz, F. Hrytsenko-Kholodny, Hryhory Kozhushko, Ivan Kuchuhura Kucherenko, Ivan Netesa, Odnorih, Stepan Pasiuha, Mykola Ryhorenko and P. Trotchenko. The traditions and playing technique used by the Slobozhan bandurists became the basis for the academic Kharkiv school of bandura playing developed by Hnat Khotkevych Hnat Martynovych Khotkevych (, also ''Gnat Khotkevich'' or ''Hnat Khotkevych'', born December 31, 1877 – died October 8, 1938) was a Ukrainians, Ukrainian theater and public figure, engineer, inventor, writer, historian, translator, ethnographe .... References {{Ukraine-culture-stub Kobzars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernihiv Kobzars
The Chernihiv kobzari were grouped around the city of Mena, in the Chernihiv Oblast of northeastern Ukraine. Outstanding members of this group were Pavlo Bratytsia, Andriy Beshko, Prokop Dub, Luka Dumenko, A. Haydenko, Petro Heras'ko, Pavlo Kulyk, Tereshko Parkhomenko, Ivan Romanenko, Andriy Shut, Petro Siroshtan, Demian Symonenko, Petro Tkachenko, Semen Vlasko and Semen Zezulia. The style of playing the bandura used by Chernihiv kobzari became the foundation of the Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ... academic bandura tradition ( Kyiv academic style). References {{Ukraine-hist-stub Kobzars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lirnyk
The lirnyks ( Ukrainian: лірник; plural: лірники – lirnyky) were itinerant Ukrainian musicians who performed religious, historical and epic songs to the accompaniment of a lira, the Ukrainian version of the hurdy-gurdy. Lirnyks were similar to and belonged to the same guilds ( tsekhs) as the better known bandura and kobza players known as kobzars. However, the lirnyk played the lira, a kind of crank-driven hurdy-gurdy, while the kobzars played the lute-like banduras or kobzas. Lirnyks were usually blind or had some major disability. They were active in all areas of Ukraine from (at least) the 17th century on. Though the tradition was violently ended in Eastern/Central Ukraine in the mid-1930s, some lirnyks were seen in the regions of Western Ukraine until the 1970s and even the 1980s. Today, the repertoire of the instrument is mostly performed by educated, sighted performers. Notable performers of the lira include Mykhailo Khai, Vadym "Yarema" Shevchuk, Volod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yevhen Adamtsevych
Yevhen Oleksandrovych Adamtsevych (; – 19 November 1972) was a Ukrainian blind bandurist. Biography Yevhen Oleksandrovych Adamtsevych was born in the village of Solonytsia on 1 January 1904, not far from the town of Lubny, in what is now Ukraine's Poltava Oblast. His father, who came from Snovsk, worked at one time at the railway station at , possibly as the station master. His mother was Maria Mykhailivna ( née Bilan), the middle class daughter of a tailor whose five children were all educated at home. Adamtsevych became blind at the age of two. He was educated at a school for the blind in Kyiv. He lived in Romny where from 1925 he was apprenticed to the kobzar , who taught him to play the bandura. Adamtsevych began to perform as a soloist in 1927, where he led a group of bandurists. In 1927 he married Lidia Dmytrivna Paradis; her relatives did not approve of this marriage and were only reconciled years later. During the 1930s, he was a travelling kobzar. In 1939 he partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Kobzars
Soviet kobzars were musicians in the Ukrainian SSR who performed at a stylised replacement for traditional Ukrainian kobzari, or bandurists. Bandurists were persecuted and executed in large numbers on the order of Stalin, who saw them as dangerous nationalists. Their repertoire was primarily made up of censored versions of traditional kobzar repertoire and focused on stylized works that praised the Soviet system. Initially, some refused to play the new songs. Most of this music lost its traditional folk characteristics such as modal tunings, traditional folk melodic embellishments, playing style etc. These new performers were often also blind and although some actually had contact with the authentic kobzari of the previous generation, many received formal training in the Folk conservatories by trained musicians and played on contemporary chromatic concert factory made instruments. The group includes performers such as Yevhen Adamtsevych, Petro Huz, and Yehor Movchan. See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duma (epic)
A Duma (, plural ''dumy'') is a oral epic poem which originated in Ukraine during the Cossack Era in the sixteenth century, possibly based on earlier Kyivan epic forms. Historically, ''dumy'' were performed by itinerant Cossack bards called kobzari, who accompanied themselves on a kobza or a bandura, who were often (blind) itinerant musicians who retained the kobzar appellation and accompanied their singing by playing a bandura (rarely a kobza) or a relya/lira (a Ukrainian variety of hurdy-gurdy). Dumas are sung in recitative, in the so-called " duma mode", a variety of the Dorian mode with a raised fourth degree. ''Dumy'' were vocal works built around historical events, many dealing with military action in some forms. Embedded in these historical events were religious and moralistic elements. There are themes of the struggle of the Cossacks against enemies of different faiths or events occurring on religious feast-days. Although the narratives of the ''dumy'' mainly revolve ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobzars'kyj Tsekh
Kobzarskyi Tsekh (, ''Kobzars'kyi Tsekh''), literally "Kobzar guild", is an organization of kobzars, which have existed since the 17th century in Ukraine. In Ukraine, blind travelling musicians, known as kobzars or lirnyks, organized themselves into guilds similarly to professional craftsmen. These musicians would gather at regular meeting spots on particular dates to celebrate religious feasts, administer examinations for the induction of novices and masters, and collect money for placement of votive candles under icons of patron saints and to also discuss the business of the guild. From 1932 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, kobzars were effectively outlawed, and many were put to death. After Ukraine regained independence from Russia, the idea for the creation of a Kobzar guild in Kyiv was initiated by followers and students of traditional bandurist Heorhy Tkachenko - Mykola Budnyk and Mykhailo Khai. The reason for the formation of the Kobzar guild was to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lira (Ukrainian Instrument)
The lira, or relia, () is a Ukraine, Ukrainian variant of the hurdy-gurdy, an instrument which can trace its history back to the 10th century. Regarding the origins of the lira in the region there are two schools of thought: # The lira is an evolution of the medieval bowed Byzantine lira, lira of the Byzantine Empire, ancestor of most European bowed instruments. The Byzantine lira was possibly introduced into Ukraine through the various The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks, trade routes to Byzantium. # The lira was introduced into Ukraine in the 17th century by Cossacks who had fought in France as mercenary soldiers. The lira was used as an instrument to accompany religious psalms, kants and epic ballads (known as ''Duma (epic), dumy'') performed by itinerant blind musicians called ''lirnyky'' (sing. ''lirnyk''). Occasionally ''lirnyky'' were hired to play dance music at weddings. They often organized themselves into Kobzar guilds, guilds or brotherhoods with their ow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecuted Bandurists
Kobzars and bandurists were a unique class of musicians in Ukraine, who travelled between towns and sang Duma (epic), dumas, a meditative poem-song. Kobzars were usually blind, and required the completion of a three-year apprenticeship in specialized Kobzar guilds, in order to be officially recognized as such. In 1932, on the order of Stalin, the Soviet authorities called on all Ukrainian Kobzars to attend a congress in Kharkiv. Those that arrived were taken outside the city and were all executed. Persecution of bandurists and kobzars by the Soviet authorities can be divided up into various periods. These periods differed in the type and length of persecution and punishments were dealt out and also the reason for the punishment. Following is a list of persecuted Bandurists sourced from ''Music from the Shadows'' by Roman Malko and ''The Voices of the Dead'' by Kuromiya Hiroaki. A * Andriychyk, Hryhoriy – member of Kiev Bandurist Capella, Kyiv Bandurist Capella arrested in 1937, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurdy-gurdy
The hurdy-gurdy is a string instrument that produces sound by a hand-turned crank, rosined wheel rubbing against the strings. The wheel functions much like a violin (or nyckelharpa) bow, and single notes played on the instrument sound similar to those of a violin. Melodies are played on a musical keyboard, keyboard that presses ''tangents''—small wedges, typically made of wood or metal—against one or more of the strings to change their pitch. Like most other acoustic stringed instruments, it has a sound board (music), sound board and hollow cavity to make the vibration of the strings audible. Most hurdy-gurdies have multiple drone (music), drone strings, which give a constant pitch accompaniment to the melody, resulting in a sound similar to that of bagpipes. For this reason, the hurdy-gurdy is often used interchangeably or along with bagpipes. It is mostly used in Occitan folk music, Occitan, Music of Aragon, Aragonese, Cajun music, Cajun French, Music of Galicia, Cantabri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
