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Kitrinoviricota
''Kitrinoviricota'' is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand RNA viruses that infect eukaryotes The eukaryotes ( ) constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They constitute a major group of ... and are not members of the phylum '' Pisuviricota'' or '' Lenarviricota.'' The name of the group derives from Greek ''κίτρινος'' (''kítrinos''), which means yellow (a reference to yellow fever virus), and -''viricota'', which is the suffix for a virus phylum. Classes The following classes are recognized: * '' Alsuviricetes'' * '' Flasuviricetes'' * '' Magsaviricetes'' * '' Tolucaviricetes'' References Viruses {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positive-strand RNA Virus
Positive-strand RNA viruses (+ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have Sense (molecular biology), positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translation (biology), translated into viral proteins by the host cell, host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used during replication of the genome to synthesize a negative-sense antigenome that is then used as a template to create a new positive-sense viral genome. Positive-strand RNA viruses are divided between the phyla ''Kitrinoviricota'', ''Lenarviricota'', and ''Pisuviricota'' (specifically classes ''Pisoniviricetes'' and ''Stelpaviricetes, Stelpavirictes'') all of which are in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' and Realm (virology), realm ''Riboviria''. They are Monophyly, monophyletic and descended from a common RNA virus ancestor. In the Baltimore classi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RNA Viruses
''Orthornavirae'' is a kingdom of viruses that have genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA), including genes which encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The RdRp is used to transcribe the viral RNA genome into messenger RNA (mRNA) and to replicate the genome. Viruses in this kingdom share a number of characteristics which promote rapid evolution, including high rates of genetic mutation, recombination, and reassortment. Viruses in ''Orthornavirae'' belong to the realm ''Riboviria''. They are descended from a common ancestor that may have been a non-viral molecule that encoded a reverse transcriptase instead of an RdRp for replication. The kingdom is subdivided into seven phyla that separate member viruses based on their genome type, host range, and genetic similarity. Viruses with three genome types are included: positive-strand RNA viruses, negative-strand RNA viruses, and double-stranded RNA viruses. Many of the most widely known viral diseases are caused by membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisuviricota
''Pisuviricota'' is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand and double-stranded RNA viruses that infect eukaryotes and are not members of the phylum '' Kitrinoviricota,'' '' Lenarviricota'' or '' Duplornaviricota''. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of “''pi''cornavirus ''su''pergroup” with the suffix ''-viricota'', indicating a virus phylum. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that '' Birnaviridae'' and ''Permutotetraviridae ''Permutotetraviridae'' is a family of viruses. Lepidopteran insects serve as natural hosts. The family contains one genus that has two species. Diseases associated with this family include: infection outcome varies from unapparent to lethal. ...'', both currently unassigned to a phylum in ''Orthornavirae'', also belong to this phylum and that both are sister groups. Another proposed family of the phylum is unassigned '' Polymycoviridae'' in ''Riboviria''.Suvi Sutela, Anna Poimala, Eeva J Vainio (2019)Viruses of fungi an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes ( ) constitute the Domain (biology), domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a membrane-bound cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, Fungus, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They constitute a major group of Outline of life forms, life forms alongside the two groups of prokaryotes: the Bacteria and the Archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but given their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is much larger than that of prokaryotes. The eukaryotes emerged within the archaeal Kingdom (biology), kingdom Asgard (Archaea), Promethearchaeati and its sole phylum Promethearchaeota. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among the Archaea. Eukaryotes first emerged during the Paleoproterozoic, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated cells. The leading evolutiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenarviricota
''Lenarviricota'' is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand RNA viruses that infect prokaryotes. Some members also infect eukaryotes. Most of these viruses do not have capsids, except for the genus '' Ourmiavirus''. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of the names of founding member families " ''Le''viviridae and ''Nar''naviridae" with the suffix ''-viricota'', denoting a virus phylum. Phylogenetics ''Lenarviricota'' is the first branch of RNA viruses to emerge, since they are the most basal branch. Most of its members, the leviviruses (class ''Leviviricetes''), only infect prokaryotes, and their known level of diversity has grown dramatically in recent years, which suggests that the RNA viruses may be more widespread in prokaryotes than previously believed. It has been suggested that the origin of ''Lenarviricota'' may predate that of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). ''Lenarviricota'' viruses appear to have arisen from a primordial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus Classification
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cell (biology), cellular organisms. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as Virus#Structure, morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, Host (biology), host organisms, and the type of disease they cause. The formal taxonomic classification of viruses is the responsibility of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) system, although the Baltimore classification system can be used to place viruses into one of seven groups based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Specific naming conventions and further classification guidelines are set out by the ICTV. In 2021, the ICTV changed the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN) to mandate a binomial format (genus, , , , species) for naming new viral species similar to that used for cellular organisms; the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MBio
''mBio'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology in association with the American Society for Microbiology#American Academy of Microbiology, American Academy of Microbiology. It covers all aspects of the Microbiology, microbiological sciences, including virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, and allied fields. The journal was established in 2010 with Arturo Casadevall as founding editor-in-chief. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 5.1. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mbio Microbiology journals Academic journals established in 2010 Bimonthly journals English-language journals American Society for Microbiology academic journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alsuviricetes
''Alsuviricetes'' is a class of positive-strand RNA viruses which infect eukaryotes. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of "''al''pha ''su''pergroup" with the suffix ''-viricetes'' indicating a virus class. Taxonomy The following orders are recognized: *'' Hepelivirales'' *''Martellivirales'' *''Tymovirales ''Tymovirales'' is an order of viruses with five families. The group consists of viruses which have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes. Their genetic material is protected by a special coat protein. Description Tymoviruses are mainly ...'' References Tymovirales Viruses {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flasuviricetes
''Flaviviridae'' is a family of enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses which mainly infect mammals and birds. They are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from the yellow fever virus; ''flavus'' is Latin for "yellow", and yellow fever in turn was named because of its propensity to cause jaundice in victims. There are 89 species in the family divided among four genera. Diseases associated with the group include: hepatitis (hepaciviruses), hemorrhagic syndromes, fatal mucosal disease (pestiviruses), hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and the birth defect microcephaly (flaviviruses). Structure Virus particles are enveloped and spherical with icosahedral-like geometries that have pseudo T=3 symmetry. They are about 40–60 nm in diameter. Genome Members of the family ''Flaviviridae'' have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, and 9.6 to 12.3 kilobase in total length. The 5'-termini o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magsaviricetes
''Nodamuvirales'' is an order of positive-strand RNA viruses which infect eukaryote The eukaryotes ( ) constitute the Domain (biology), domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a membrane-bound cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, Fungus, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms ...s. The name of the group is a contraction of " ''Nodamu''ra virus" and -''virales'' which is the suffix for a virus order. Taxonomy The following families are recognized: *'' Nodaviridae'' *'' Sinhaliviridae'' References Viruses {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolucaviricetes
''Tolivirales'' is an order of RNA viruses which infect insects and plants. Member viruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. The virions are non-enveloped, spherical, and have an icosahedral capsid. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of "''to''mbusvirus-''li''ke" with the suffix ''-virales'' indicating a virus order. Taxonomy The following families are recognized: *''Carmotetraviridae'' *''Tombusviridae ''Tombusviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. The family contains 18 genera in 3 subfamilies. The name is derived from Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). Genome All viruses in the family have a non-segmente ...'' References Viruses {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
