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Kitanemuk
The Kitanemuk are an Indigenous people of California and were a tribal village of the Kawaiisu Nation. The Kawaiisu traditionally lived in the Tehachapi Mountains and the Antelope Valley area of the western Mojave Desert of southern California, United States which has historically has been within the territory of the Kawaiisu. Today some of these members people are enrolled in the federally recognized Tejon Indian Tribe of California. Language The Kitanemuk, as a Kawaiisu village. traditionally spoke the a Uto-Aztecan language.Most experts contend that the Kitanemuk were not a separate tribal entity at all but were a group of Kawaiisu who were converted by missionaries to Christianity. As they converted, they gave up the Kawaiisu belief system and lost any ability to speak the local native language Population Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) proposed a population of 1,77 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitanemuk Language
Kitanemuk is an extinct Northern Uto-Aztecan language of the Serran branch. It is very closely related to Serrano, and may have been a dialect. Before its extinction, it was spoken in the San Gabriel Mountains and foothill environs of Southern California. The last speakers, Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran, lived some time in the 1940s, though the last fieldwork was carried out in 1937. J. P. Harrington took copious notes in 1916 and 1917, however, which allowed for a fairly detailed knowledge of the language. Morphology Kitanemuk is an agglutinative language, where words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together. Phonology Consonants The consonant phonemes of Kitanemuk, as reconstructed by Anderton (1988) based on Harrington's field notes, were (with some standard Americanist phonetic notation in : Word-finally, becomes , and all voiced consonants become voiceless before other voiceless consonants or wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitanemuk Traditional Narratives
Kitanemuk traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Kitanemuk people of the Tehachapi Mountains, southern Sierra Nevada, and the western Mojave Desert The Mojave Desert (; ; ) is a desert in the rain shadow of the southern Sierra Nevada mountains and Transverse Ranges in the Southwestern United States. Named for the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous Mohave people, it is located pr ... of southern California. Limited information has been published on Kitanemuk oral literature. More is like to be forthcoming from the papers of John Peabody Harrington. Kitanemuk mythology seems to have shown influences from several of the group's neighbors, including the Kawaiisu, Chumash, and Yokuts. (''See also'' Traditional narratives (Native California).) References * Kroeber, A. L. 1907. "Indian Myths of South Central California". ''University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology'' 4:167-250. Berkeley. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tataviam
The Tataviam (Kitanemuk: ''people on the south slope'') are a Native American group in Southern California. The ancestral land of the Tataviam people includes northwest present-day Los Angeles County and southern Ventura County, primarily in the upper basin of the Santa Clara River, the Santa Susana Mountains, and the Sierra Pelona Mountains. They are distinct from the Kitanemuk and the Gabrielino-Tongva peoples. Their tribal government is based in San Fernando, California, and includes the Executive Branch, the Legislative Branch, the Tribal Senate, and the Council of Elders. The current Tribal President of the Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians is Rudy Ortega Jr., who is a descendant of the village of Tochonanga. The Tataviam are not federally recognized, which has prevented the tribe from being seen as sovereign and erased the identity of tribal members. The tribe has established an ''Acknowledge Rent'' campaign to acknowledge "the financial hardships placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serrano People
The Serrano are an Indigenous people of California. Their autonyms are Taaqtam meaning "people", Maarrênga'yam meaning "people from Morongo", and Yuhaaviatam meaning "people of the pines." Today the Maarrênga'yam are enrolled in the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, and the Yuhaviatam are enrolled in the Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation. Some other Serrano people are enrolled in the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians."Serrano." ''San Diego State University Library and Information Access.'' 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2012 Territory 
The Serrano are typically ...
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Vanyume
The Vanyume or Desert Serrano are an Indigenous people of Southern California. Traditional Vanyume territory extended along the Mojave River from the Eastern Mojave Desert to present day Victorville and may have included portions of southern Antelope Valley. The major village of Wá’peat was part of this area. Though the Vanyume were closely related to the neighboring Serrano people linguistically and culturally, the two groups were politically distinct prior to European contact. Because all documented Vanyume villages had been abandoned prior to the development of modern ethnographic fieldwork, ethnographic information on the Vanyume is limited. Name The first European to mention the Vanyume, Father Francisco Garcés, referred to the group using the Mohave exonym ''Beñemé''. ''Vanyumé,'' a variation of the term, was later adopted by ethnographer Alfred Louis Kroeber. Pre-contact Population A. L. Kroeber described the Vanyume population as "very small" at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous People Of California
Indigenous peoples of California, commonly known as Indigenous Californians or Native Californians, are a diverse group of nations and peoples that are indigenous to the geographic area within the current boundaries of California before and after European colonization. There are currently 109 federally recognized tribes in the state and over forty self-identified tribes or tribal bands that have applied for federal recognition. California has the second-largest Native American population in the United States. Most tribes practiced forest gardening or permaculture and controlled burning to ensure the availability of food and medicinal plants as well as ecosystem balance. Archeological sites indicate human occupation of California for thousands of years. European settlers began exploring their homelands in the late 18th century. This began with the arrival of Spanish soldiers and missionaries who established Franciscan missions that instituted an immense rate of death and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antelope Valley
The Antelope Valley is a valley primarily located in northern Los Angeles County, California, United States and the southeast portion of Kern County, California, Kern County, and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi Mountains, Tehachapi, Sierra Pelona Mountains, Sierra Pelona, and the San Gabriel Mountains. The valley was named for the pronghorns that roamed there until they were all eliminated in the 1880s, mostly by hunting, or resettled in other areas. The principal cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster, California, Lancaster. Geography The Antelope Valley comprises the western tip of the Mojave Desert, opening up to the Victor Valley and the Great Basin to the east. Lying north of the San Gabriel Mountains, southeast of the Tehachapi Mountains, Tehachapis, and east of the Sierra Pelona Mountains, this desert ecosystem spans around . The valley is bounded by the Garlock Fault, Garlock and San Andreas Fault ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tejon Ranch
Tejon Ranch Company (), based in Lebec, California, is one of the largest private landowners in California. The company was incorporated in 1936 to organize the ownership of a large tract of land that was consolidated from four Mexican land grants acquired in the 1850s and 1860s by ranch founder Edward Fitzgerald Beale. The company owns over 270,000 acres (1,093 km2) in the southern San Joaquin Valley, Tehachapi Mountains, and Antelope Valley. It is the largest contiguous piece of private property in the state. Tejon Ranch’s agricultural operation primarily grows almonds, pistachios, and wine grapes, along with some alfalfa and the occasional row crop. Cattle leases cover about 250,000 acres (1,012 km2), and depending on the season, up to 12,000 head of cattle graze on the ranch. It is a diversified development and agribusiness company which has been publicly listed since 1973.Patric Hedlund, "Tejon Ranch Positioned to Begin Building in Lebec, Gorman and Grapevine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tejon Indian Tribe Of California
The Tejon Indian Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk, Yokuts, Paiute and Chumash Indigenous people of California. Their ancestral homeland is the southern San Joaquin Valley, San Emigdio Mountains, and Tehachapi Mountains. Today they live in Kern County, California. Government The tribe's headquarters are located in Bakersfield, California. They are governed by a democratically–elected tribal council. their tribal chairperson is Octavio Escobedo III and their vice-chairwoman is June Nachor. History The Sebastian Indian Reservation (1853–1864) was established in 1853 by Edward F. Beale on Rancho El Tejon lands, that became part of the Tejon Ranch. It was the first Indian reservation An American Indian reservation is an area of land land tenure, held and governed by a List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States#Description, U.S. federal government-recognized Native American tribal nation, whose gov ... in California. At its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uto-Aztecan Languages
The Uto-Aztecan languages are a family of native American languages, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan languages are found almost entirely in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family reflects the common ancestry of the Ute language of Utah and the Nahuan languages (also known as Aztecan) of Mexico. The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest linguistic families in the Americas in terms of number of speakers, number of languages, and geographic extension. The northernmost Uto-Aztecan language is Shoshoni, which is spoken as far north as Salmon, Idaho, while the southernmost is the Nawat language of El Salvador and Nicaragua. ''Ethnologue'' gives the total number of languages in the family as 61, and the total number of speakers as 1,900,412. Speakers of Nahuatl languages account for over 85% of these. The internal classification of the family often divides it into two branches: a northern branch including all the languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongva People
The Tongva ( ) are an Indigenous people of California from the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately . In the precolonial era, the people lived in as many as 100 villages and primarily identified by their village rather than by a pan-tribal name. During colonization, the Spanish referred to these people as Gabrieleño and Fernandeño, names derived from the Spanish missions built on their land: Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Fernando Rey de España. ''Tongva'' is the most widely circulated endonym among the people, used by Narcisa Higuera in 1905 to refer to inhabitants in the vicinity of Mission San Gabriel. Some people who identify as direct lineal descendants of the people advocate the use of their ancestral name '' Kizh'' as an endonym. The Tongva, along with neighboring groups such as the Chumash, played an important role in the cultural and economic dynamics of the region at the time of European encounter. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehachapi Mountains
The Tehachapi Mountains (; Kawaiisu: ''Tihachipia'', meaning "hard climb") are a mountain range in the Transverse Ranges system of California in the Western United States. The range extends for approximately in southern Kern County and northwestern Los Angeles County and form part of the boundary between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert. Geography The Tehachapis form a geographic, watershed, habitat, and rain shadow divide separating the San Joaquin Valley to the northwest and the Mojave Desert to the southeast. The Tehachapis' crest varies in height from approximately . They are southeast of Bakersfield and the Central Valley, and west of Mojave and the Antelope Valley. The range runs southwest to northeast (SW-NE) connecting the Southern Sierra Nevada range on their northeast with the San Emigdio Mountains on the west and Sierra Pelona Mountains on the southwest. The Tehachapis are delineated from the San Emigdio Mountains by Tejon Pass at the range's western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
