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King Yanabe Yalangway
King Yanabe Yalangway was the ''eractasswa'' (chief) of the Catawba (tribe), Catawba Indian Nation, sometime around the 1740s. Not much is known about him other than the fact that he preceded King Hagler as chief. His training was evidently under "king" Whitmannetaughehee's leadership. As a warrior he served during a longstanding state of warfare with northern tribes, particularly the Iroquois Seneca nation, Seneca, and the Lenape (aka Delaware), an Algonquian peoples, Algonquian-speaking people who had occupied coastal areas and had become vassals of the Iroquois after migrating to Ohio Valley. The Catawba chased their raiding parties back to the north in the 1720s and 1730s, going across the Potomac River. At one point, a party of Catawba is said to have followed a party of Lenape who attacked them, and to have overtaken them near Leesburg, Virginia. There they fought a pitched battle. Similar encounters in this tireless warfare were reported to have occurred at present-day Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Hagler
King Hagler (also spelled Haiglar and Haigler) or Nopkehee (c. 1700–1763) was a chief of the Catawba (tribe), Catawba Native American tribe from 1754 to 1763. Hagler is known as the "Patron Saint of Camden, South Carolina." He was the first Native American to be inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Fame. He is known for opposing the sale of alcohol to Catawbas and other Native Americans, and encouraged the Catawba people to abstain from alcohol.Thomas J. Blumer, Robert P. Smith, E. Fred Sanders. ''Catawba Nation: Treasures in History,'' American Heritage, Arcadia Publishing, 2007. He worked to negotiate fair Aboriginal title in the United States, land rights and treaties for the Catawba people. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haudenosaunee
The Iroquois ( ), also known as the Five Nations, and later as the Six Nations from 1722 onwards; alternatively referred to by the Endonym and exonym, endonym Haudenosaunee ( ; ) are an Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian-speaking Confederation#Indigenous confederations in North America, confederacy of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans and First Nations in Canada, First Nations peoples in northeast North America. They were known by the French during the Colonial history of the United States, colonial years as the Iroquois League, and later as the Iroquois Confederacy, while the English simply called them the "Five Nations". Their country has been called wikt:Iroquoia, Iroquoia and Haudenosauneega in English, and '':fr:Iroquoisie, Iroquoisie'' in French. The peoples of the Iroquois included (from east to west) the Mohawk people, Mohawk, Oneida people, Oneida, Onondaga people, Onondaga, Cayuga people, Cayuga, and Seneca people, Seneca. After 1722, the Iroquoian-sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winyah
The Winyah ( ) were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who lived near Winyah Bay, the Black River (South Carolina), Black River, and the lower course of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina during the 18th century. In the early 20th century, anthropologist John R. Swanton suggested they had ceased to exist as a distinct group by 1720 and speculated that members of the tribe may have merged with the nearby Waccamaw. However, the Winyah appear thirty-two years later on a 1752 map between the Black River and Pee Dee River. Their ultimate fate remains unknown. Etymology The exact etymological meaning of ''Winyah'' is presently unknown, though the tribe's language is generally accepted as Catawban languages, Catawban. Anglicisation, Anglicized variants include ''Winyaw,'' ''Winyaws,'' ''Wanniah,'' ''Wyniaws,'' ''Weneaws,'' and ''Wineaus.'' Other recorded spellings include ''Wee Nee'' and likely ''Wee Tee.'' Linguists consider the analysis of these names uncertain; howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waccamaw
The Waccamaw people were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, who lived in villages along the Waccamaw and Pee Dee rivers in North and South Carolina in the 18th century.Lerch 328 Name The meaning of the name ''Waccamaw'' is unknown. Francisco of Chicora, a 16th-century Indian man kidnapped by Spanish colonists, wrote it as ''Guacaya''. Language The Waccamaw language was not recorded and remains unattested. The language likely belonged to the Siouan language family. English explorer John Lawson published a 143-word vocabulary of the possibly related Woccon language in 1709. History Precontact People in the area have built sedentary villages since at least 3,000 to 500 BP. Maize became a staple crop in the regions. Complex chiefdoms first arose in the area between 1150 and 1200 AD. Tribes neighboring the Waccamaw included the Sewees, Santees, Sampits (Sampa), Winyahs, and Pedees. 16th century According to ethnographer John R. Swanton, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santee Tribe
The Santee were a historic tribe of Native Americans that once lived in South Carolina within the counties of Clarendon and Orangeburg, along the Santee River. The Santee were a small tribe even during the early eighteenth century and were primarily centered in the area of the present-day town of Santee, South Carolina. Their settlement along the Santee River has since been dammed and is now called Lake Marion. The Santee Indian Organization, a state-recognized tribe within South Carolina claim descent from the historic Santee people but are not presently federally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Etymology While few words of the Santee language have been preserved, scholars like John R. Swanton, have historically maintained that there is little doubt that the tribe once spoke a Siouan-Catawban language. Frank Speck, a prominent anthropologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania during the early twentieth century, suggested that the name Santee der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugeree
Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Southeastern cultures, or Southeast Indians are an ethnographic classification for Native Americans who have traditionally inhabited the area now part of the Southeastern United States and the northeastern border of Mexico, that share common cultural traits. This classification is a part of the Eastern Woodlands. The concept of a southeastern cultural region was developed by anthropologists, beginning with Otis Mason and Franz Boas in 1887. The boundaries of the region are defined more by shared cultural traits than by geographic distinctions.Jackson and Fogelson 3 Because the cultures gradually instead of abruptly shift into Plains, Prairie, or Northeastern Woodlands cultures, scholars do not always agree on the exact limits of the Southeastern Woodland culture region. Shawnee, Powhatan, Waco, Tawakoni, Tonkawa, Karankawa, Quapaw, and Mosopelea are usually seen as marginally southeastern and their traditional lands represent the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congaree (tribe)
The Congaree were a historic Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who once lived within what is now central South Carolina, along the Congaree and Santee rivers, above and below the confluence of the Wateree River. The Congaree joined the Catawba people in company of the Wateree several years after temporarily migrating to the Waccamaw River in 1732. They spoke a language distinct from and unintelligible to local Siouan languages. The language today is unclassified, though, some academics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries believe that the language was related to Catawba. Language English explorer John Lawson noted in 1709 that members of the Congaree tribe were distinguishable from other nearby tribes by their appearance, customs, and language. During the middle of the 18th century, Congaree was one of the languages spoken on the Catawba Reservation. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, American scholars thought the Congaree were likely part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wateree People
The Wateree were a Native American tribe in the interior of the present-day Carolinas. They probably belonged to the Siouan-Catawba language family. First encountered by the Spanish in 1567 in Western North Carolina, they migrated to the southeast and what developed as South Carolina by 1700, where English colonists noted them. There they had settled along the Wateree River, near the site of what developed as present-day Camden, South Carolina. Originally a large tribe, they suffered high mortality during the Yamasee War of 1715. By the middle of the 18th century, they joined with the Catawba nation and lived near the modern Catawba Reservation. Language and name The name ''Wateree'' may come from Catawban ''wateran'', "to float on the water" or from ''yeh is-WAH h'reh / ye iswąʔre''. History 16th century This people were recorded in 1567 by Spanish captain Juan Pardo's scribe Juan de la Bandera during their expedition through the interior of the Carolinas. Bandera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waxhaw Tribe
The Waxhaw people were a Native American tribe who historically lived in present-day counties of Lancaster, in South Carolina; and Union and Mecklenburg in North Carolina, around the area of present-day Charlotte. Name The Waxhaw were also referred to as Waxhau, Wisacky, the Gueça and possibly Wastana and Weesock. Culture The Waxhaw were related to other nearby Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, such as the Catawba people and the Sugeree. They were likely culturally influenced by the Mississippian culture. Some scholars suggest the Waxhaw may have been a band of the Catawba rather than a distinctly separate people, given the similarity in what is known of their language and customs. A distinctive custom which they shared was flattening the forehead of individuals, as did the Choctaw. Flattening of the head gave the Waxhaw a distinctive look, with wide eyes and sloping foreheads. They started the process at birth by binding the infant to a flat board. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί ''epi'' "upon or above" and δῆμος ''demos'' "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic. Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g., increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by movement of pathogen or host). Generally, an epidemic occurs when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded. An epidemic may be restricted to one location; however, if it sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus '' Orthopoxvirus''. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making smallpox the only human disease to have been eradicated to date. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was transmitted from one person to another primarily through prolonged face-to-face contact with an infected person or rarely via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medications could poten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley () is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River (Virginia), James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physical geography, physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley. Geography Named for Shenandoah River, the river that stretches much of its length, the Shenandoah Valley encompasses eight counties in Virginia and two counties in West Virginia: *Augusta County, Virginia *Clarke County, Virginia *Frederick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
