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Kilmainham Gaol
Kilmainham Gaol () is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising (Patrick Pearse, James Connolly, Tom Clarke (Irish republican), Tom Clarke, Seán Mac Diarmada, Joseph Plunkett, Éamonn Ceannt, Thomas MacDonagh), were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the orders of the UK Government. History When it was first built in 1796, Kilmainham Gaol was called the "New Gaol" to distinguish it from the old prison it was intended to replace – a noisome dungeon, just a few hundred metres from the present site. It was officially called the ''County of Dublin Gaol'', and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin. Originally, public hangings took place at the front of the prison. However, from the 1820s onward very few hangings, public or private, took place at Kilmainham. A small hanging cell was built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kilmainham
Kilmainham (, meaning " St Maighneann's church") is a south inner suburb of Dublin, Ireland, south of the River Liffey and west of the city centre. It is in the city's Dublin 8 postal district. History Origins Kilmainham's foundation dates to the early Christian period, with the monastery of Cell Maignenn (Cill Mhaighneann in modern Irish) established by the year 606. By 795, the ecclesiastical site, located on the ridge of land at the confluence of the Liffey and the Camac, may still have been the only substantial structure along the Liffey's banks. The Kilmainham Brooch, a late 8th- or early 9th-century Celtic brooch of the "penannular" type (i.e. its ring does not fully close or is incomplete) was unearthed in the area. In the wake of the Viking settlement of nearby Dublin from 841, Vikings were present in Kilmainham too, one of a number of villages that stretched up the river bank to Clondalkin. Viking cemeteries at the site of the monastery and at nearby Islandbri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas MacDonagh
Thomas Stanislaus MacDonagh (; 1 February 1878 – 3 May 1916) was an Irish political activist, poet, playwright, educationalist and revolutionary leader. He was one of the seven leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, a signatory of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic and Commandant of the 2nd Battalion, Dublin Brigade of the Irish Volunteers, which fought in Jacob's biscuit factory. He was executed for his part in the Rising at the age of thirty-eight. MacDonagh was assistant headmaster at St. Enda's School, Scoil Éanna, and lecturer in English at University College Dublin. He was a member of the Gaelic League, where he befriended Patrick Pearse and Eoin MacNeill. He was a founding member of the Irish Volunteers with MacNeill and Pearse. He wrote poetry and plays. His play, ''When the Dawn is Come'', was produced by the Abbey Theatre in 1908. Other plays include ''Metempsychosis'', 1912 and ''Pagans'', 1915, both produced by the Irish Theatre Company. Early life He was born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Emergency (Ireland)
The Emergency () was a state of emergency in the independent state of Republic of Ireland, Ireland in the Second World War, throughout which Irish neutrality during World War II, the state remained neutral. It was proclaimed by Dáil Éireann on 2 September 1939, allowing the passage of the Emergency Powers Act 1939 by the Oireachtas the following day. This gave sweeping powers to the government, including internment, censorship of the press and correspondence, and control of the economy. The Emergency Powers Act lapsed on 2 September 1946, although the Emergency was not formally ended until 1976. Background of the Emergency On 6 December 1922, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty that ended the Anglo-Irish War, War of Independence, the island of Ireland became an autonomous dominion, known as the Irish Free State. On 7 December 1922, the parliament of the six north-eastern counties, already known as Northern Ireland, voted to opt out of the Irish Free State and remain in the United K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of Ireland
The National Museum of Ireland () is Ireland's leading museum institution, with a strong emphasis on national and some international archaeology, Irish history, Irish art, culture, and natural history. It has three branches in Dublin, the archaeology and natural history museums adjacent on Kildare Street and Merrion Square, and a newer Decorative Arts and History branch at the former Collins Barracks, and the Country Life museum in County Mayo. History Predecessors The National Museum of Ireland descends from the amalgamation of parts of the collections of a number of Dublin cultural institutions from the 18th and 19th centuries, including primarily the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) and the Royal Irish Academy (RIA). The earliest parts of the collections are largely geological and mineralogical specimens, which the RDS collected as a means to improve the knowledge and use of such resources in Ireland. The establishment of the museum collections is generally deemed to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of Education (Ireland)
The Department of Education and Youth () is a department of the Government of Ireland. It is led by the Minister for Education and Youth. Departmental team The official headquarters and ministerial offices of the department are at Marlborough Street, Dublin. The departmental team consists of the following: * Minister for Education and Youth: Helen McEntee, TD ** Minister of State for special education and inclusion: Michael Moynihan, TD *Secretary General: Bernie McNally Overview Chief among the department's priorities are: *the promotion of equity and inclusion, quality outcomes and lifelong learning *planning for education that is relevant to personal, social, cultural and economic needs *enhancement of the capacity of the department for service delivery, policy formulation, research and evaluation History In the revolutionary period, the position was established in 1920 as the Minister for Irish. This was expanded as the Secretary for Education in the Government of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Graves Association
The National Graves Association (NGA; , "Grave Committee of Heroes of the Gaels") is an Irish organisation which seeks to maintain the graves of Irish republicans who died in the pursuit of a reunified Ireland. Its stated objectives are "to restore, where necessary, and maintain fittingly the graves and memorials of our patriot dead of every generation; to commemorate those who died in the cause of Irish Freedom; to compile a record of such graves and memorials", with a guiding principle that "Only a 32 County Irish Republic represents the true aspiration of those who gave their lives for Irish freedom". It is not affiliated with the Government of Ireland or Government of Northern Ireland. It is also an entirely separate organisation to the National Graves Association, Belfast. Policy and history Its 'guiding principle' is "Only a 32 County Irish Republic represents the true aspiration of those who gave their lives for Irish freedom". As a result, it does not look after the grave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Civil War
The Irish Civil War (; 28 June 1922 – 24 May 1923) was a conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State, an entity independent from the United Kingdom but within the British Empire. The civil war was waged between the Provisional Government of Ireland (1922), Provisional Government of Ireland and the Irish Republican Army (1922–1969), Anti-Treaty IRA over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The Provisional Government (that became the Free State in December 1922) supported the terms of the treaty, while the Anglo-Irish Treaty Dáil vote#Anti-Treaty, anti-Treaty opposition saw it as a betrayal of the Irish Republic proclaimed during the Easter Rising of 1916. Many of the combatants had fought together against the British in the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army during the War of Independence and had divided after that conflict ended and the Irish Republican Army and the Anglo-Irish Treaty, treaty neg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Memory
National memory is a form of collective memory defined by shared experiences and culture. It is an integral part to national identity. It represents one specific form of cultural memory, which makes an essential contribution to national group cohesion. Historically national communities have drawn upon commemorative ceremonies and monuments, myths and rituals, glorified individuals, objects, and events in their own history to produce a common narrative. According to Lorraine Ryan, national memory is based on the public's reception of national historic narratives and the ability of people to affirm the legitimacy of these narratives. Conflicting versions, dynamicity, manipulation and subjectivity National memory typically consists of a shared interpretation of a nation's past. Such interpretations can vary and sometimes compete. They can get challenged and augmented by a range of interest groups, fighting to have their histories acknowledged, documented and commemorated and resh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State (6 December 192229 December 1937), also known by its Irish-language, Irish name ( , ), was a State (polity), state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between the forces of the Irish Republic – the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA) – and The Crown, British Crown forces. The Free State was established as a dominion of the British Empire. It comprised 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland. Northern Ireland, which was made up of the remaining six counties, exercised its right under the Treaty to opt out of the new state. The Irish Free State government consisted of the Governor-General of the Irish Free State, governor-general – the viceregal representative of the King – and the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, Executive Council (cabinet), which replaced both the revolutionary Government of the 2nd Dáil, Dáil Governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumann Na MBan
Cumann na mBan (; but in English termed The Irishwomen's Council), abbreviated C na mB, is an Irish republican women's paramilitary organisation formed in Dublin on 2 April 1914, merging with and dissolving Inghinidhe na hÉireann, and in 1916, it became an auxiliary of the Irish Volunteers.Conlon, pp. 20–33 Although it was otherwise an independent organisation, its executive was subordinate to that of the Irish Volunteers, and later, the Irish Republican Army. Cumann na mBan was active in the Irish War of Independence, War of Independence and took the anti-Treaty side in the Civil War. Cumann na mBan was declared an illegal organisation by the government of the Irish Free State in 1923. This was reversed when Fianna Fáil came to power in 1932. During the splits in the republican movement of the later part of the 20th century, Fianna Éireann and Cumann na mBan supported Provisional Sinn Féin in 1969 and Republican Sinn Féin in 1986. Foundation In 1913, a number of wom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1923 Irish Hunger Strikes
In October 1923 mass hunger strikes were undertaken by Irish republican prisoners protesting the continuation of their internment without trial. The Irish Civil War had ended six months earlier yet the newly formed Provisional Government of the Irish Free State was slow in releasing the thousands of Irish republican prisoners opposed to the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Background In the 20th-century, 22 Irish republicans died while on hunger strike. In the early part of 20th century hunger strikes were adopted as a protest of last resort by Irish republican prisoners. In the period between 1916 and 1918 there had been over a dozen hunger strikes in Ireland. In the period between August 1918 and October 1923 over 30 more hunger strikes occurred. Eight Irish republicans died during these hunger strikes with many more suffering health complications at later dates. Irish revolutionary Thomas Ashe died as a result of forced feedings on 25 September 1917 in Mountjoy Prison. He was arrested after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
