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Khutlubuga
Khutlubuga (), also Khutlu Buga or Qutlugh Buqa ( ka, ხუტლუბუღა; died August, 1293), was an Armenian prince of the House of the Artsrunids, and a court official of the Kingdom of Eastern Georgia in the second half of the 13th century, the son of ''Atabeg''-''Amirspasalar'' Sadun Mankaberdeli. He himself became ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army, and for a short time towards the end of his life ''Atabeg'' (Governor General of Georgia). He also received the title of ''Paron'' (derived from the Crusader title "Baron") from the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Khutlubuga and his father Sadun were attached the name of ''Artsruni'' in Armenian texts (after the name of their dynasty), and ''Mankaberdeli'' in Georgian ones (after the name of their territory). After the Mongol ruler Arghun executed the Georgian king Demetrius II, Khutlubuga collaborated with Arghun for the selection of the next king Vakhtang II. Biography Through a designation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vakhtang II
Vakhtang II ( ka, ვახტანგ II; died 1292), of the dynasty of Bagrationi, was king (''mepe'') of Georgia from 1289 to 1292. Early life A son of the Western Georgian ruler, king David VI Narin, by his first wife Tamar, daughter of Prince Amanelisdze, Vakhtang had been declared as co-ruler and was therefore considered David's successor. On the instructions of Arghun, Khutlubuga (son of Sadun of Mankaberd) moved to Imereti and offered King David to make his successor the king of Eastern Georgia. The importance of this fact was that after the death of David Narin, Vakhtang would inherit Western Georgia as well, which would lead to the unification of both parts of Georgia under the authority of one king. It is true that this would lead to the spread of Mongol domination in Western Georgia, but this time Davit Narin considered the restoration of the country's unity more important and agreed to Ilkhanid Arghun's proposal. The purpose of meeting David Narin with his son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Eastern Georgia
The Kingdom of Eastern Georgia ( ka, აღმოსავლეთ საქართველოს სამეფო, tr) was the official prolongation of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1256 to 1329. Its rule was limited to the geographical areas of central and eastern Georgia, while the western part of the country temporarily seceded to form the Kingdom of Western Georgia under its own line of kings. The secession followed a transitional period when the rule of the Kingdom of Georgia was jointly assumed by the cousins David VI and David VII from 1246 to 1256. The entity split into two parts when David VI, revolting from the Mongol hegemony, seceded in the western half of the kingdom and formed the Kingdom of Western Georgia in 1256. David VII was relegated to the rule of Eastern Georgia. During his reign, Eastern Georgia went into further decline under the Mongol overlordship. Mongol conquest Since the 1220s, the Kingdom of Georgia had to contend with the numerous Mongol invasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadun Mankaberdeli
Sadun Artsruni, also Sadun of Mankaberd ( ka, სადუნ მანკაბერდელი; ) of the House of the Artsrunids, was an Armenian prince, Prince of Haghbat and Mankaberd. He was a court official and became ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) and ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief of the army) of the Kingdom of Eastern Georgia, and later chamberlain of Avag's daughter Khoshak. He was concurrently "Prime Minister" of the Mongol Il-Khan Abaqa. Biography Sadun was a great-grandson of Amir K'urd ( Abulasan), governor of Tbilisi during Queen Tamar's reign in Georgia. In 1258, Sadun won a wrestling match in front of the Mongol ruler Hulegu Khan, who gave him the title of ''Tarkhan''. Sadun then accompanied Hulegu in his military campaigns in Syria in 1259, in the conquest of Sasun, and in the capture of the citadel of Aleppo. He was then awarded the district of Sasun from Hulegu. Throughout the 13th century, the high offices ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) and ''Amirsp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadun Artsruni
Sadun Artsruni, also Sadun of Mankaberd ( ka, სადუნ მანკაბერდელი; ) of the House of the Artsrunids, was an Armenian prince, Prince of Haghbat and Mankaberd. He was a court official and became ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) and ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief of the army) of the Kingdom of Eastern Georgia, and later chamberlain of Avag's daughter Khoshak. He was concurrently "Prime Minister" of the Mongol Il-Khan Abaqa. Biography Sadun was a great-grandson of Amir K'urd ( Abulasan), governor of Tbilisi during Queen Tamar's reign in Georgia. In 1258, Sadun won a wrestling match in front of the Mongol ruler Hulegu Khan, who gave him the title of ''Tarkhan''. Sadun then accompanied Hulegu in his military campaigns in Syria in 1259, in the conquest of Sasun, and in the capture of the citadel of Aleppo. He was then awarded the district of Sasun from Hulegu. Throughout the 13th century, the high offices ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) and ''Ami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haghpat Monastery
Haghpat Monastery, also known as Haghpatavank (), is a medieval Armenian monastery complex in Haghpat, Armenia, built between the 10th and 13th century. Location The location of Haghpat Monastery was chosen so that it overlooks the Debed River in northern Armenia's Lori region. It was built partway up a hillside on a site chosen to afford protection and concealment, but also because of the monks' monastic humility. It is built on a leafy promontory in the middle of a cloudy cirque. The monastery is not isolated and is surrounded by many hamlets. History and description The monastery was founded by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of the Bagratid king Ashot III, probably in 976. The nearby monastery at Sanahin was built around the same time. Cathedral of Surb Nshan The largest church in the complex, the Cathedral of Surb Nshan, was probably begun in 967–976 by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of Ashot III, and completed in 991 by King Smbat. It is a typical example of tenth-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Official Of The Kingdom Of Georgia
The court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, were in charge of the royal court. The chronological lists below are not exhaustive, since there exist large gaps in the historical record. Majordomo The majordomo (Georgian: msakhurtukhutsesi) was the chief official of the court. Chancellor The Chancellor (Georgian: '' mtsignobartukhutsesi'') was the head of the government. Treasurer The treasurer (Georgian: ''mechurchletukhutsesi'') was the official responsible for running the treasury. Master of ceremonies The master of ceremonies (Georgian: '' Mandaturtukhutsesi'') was responsible for conducting ceremonies such as coronations and receptions of foreign ambassadors. Marshal The marshal (Georgian: ''amirspasalar'') had charge of the royal stables, i.e. "Commander-in-Chief" of the army. Tutor The tutor (Georgian: a''tabeg'') came to be denominated as Samtskhe-Saatabago, the latter element meaning "of the atabags".Toumanoff, Cyril (1967). ''Studies in Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demetrius II Of Georgia
Demetrius II the Self-Sacrificer or the Devoted ( ka, დემეტრე II თავდადებული, tr) (1259–12 March 1289) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was king (''mepe'') of Eastern Georgia reigning from 1270 until his execution by the Mongol Ilkhans in 1289. Early life Demetrius, born in 1259, was the second son and third child of King David VII of Georgia. His mother was David's third wife Gvantsa née Kakhaberidze. He was 2 years old when Gvantsa was put to death by the Mongols as a reaction to David's abortive rebellion against the Ilkhan hegemony. David himself died in 1270. Demetrius had an elder half-brother George, an heir apparent, who died before his father's death in 1268, and an elder half-sister Tamar, whom Demetrius subsequently married off, with great reluctance, to a son of the Mongol official Arghun-Agha. Reign He succeeded on his father's death in 1270, when he was 11 years old. He ruled under the regency of Sadun Mankaberdeli for som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amirspasalar
''Amirspasalar'' or ''amirspasalari'' ( ka, ამირსპასალარი, from , ) was the commander-in-chief of the medieval Georgian army and one of the highest officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, commonly rendered as "Lord High Constable" (and sometimes also as ''generalissimo'') in English. It is composed of ''amir'', an Arabic term meaning 'commander', 'governor', or 'prince'; and '' sipahsalar'', from the Persian for 'army commander'.Robert Bedrosian, "Amirspasalar", in: Joseph Reese Strayer (1983), ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', p. 235. Scribner, . The ''amirspasalar'' was a wartime supreme commander-in-chief of the royal armies, and the bearer of the state flag. Under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213), it was the third great office of the Georgian state, after King and '' atabek''. '' The Institution of the Royal Court'', most probably codified during the second reign of George V (1314–1346) defines the office as "an honorary vizier and the head of army". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artsruni Dynasty
The House of Artsruni (; also Ardzruni or Artsrunid) was an ancient princely and, later, royal dynasty of Armenia. Name The name ''Artsruni'' contains the ending , which is widespread in old Armenian family names. The early Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi derives the name from (, ). He implies that the Artsrunis carried standards with eagles on them and makes reference to a legend from Hadamakert (the center of the Artsrunis' home district of Aghbak) in which a bird protects a sleeping boy from the rain and sun; this is presumed to be a legend about the Artsrunis' ancestor (Sanasar, according to Manuk Abeghian) involving an eagle. James Russell notes that the eagle was a totemic animal for the Artsrunis and connects the dynasty's name with Urartian , which is attested as the name of an Urartian king's horse and may derive from Armenian . On this basis, Russell suggests that the Artsrunis may have had Urartian ancestors. Hrach Martirosyan writes that this connection o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David VIII Of Georgia
David VIII (Georgian language, Georgian: დავით VIII; 1273–1311), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king (''mepe'') of Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329), Central and Eastern Georgia in 1292–1302 and 1308–1311. Biography Eldest son of Demetrius II of Georgia by his Family of Demetrius II of Georgia#First marriage, Trapezuntine wife, he was appointed by the Ilkhanate, Ilkhan ruler Gaykhatu as king of Georgia (country), Georgia as reward for his military service during the Rümelian uprising in 1293. Succeeding his cousin Vakhtang II, David's rule actually extended only over the eastern part of the kingdom, whereas western Georgia had been under the Imeretian branch of the House of Bagrationi dynasty, Bagrationi since 1259. In 1295, he supported Baydu in an internal conflict in the Ilkhanate. However, Baydu was killed and Ghazan became a Khan (title), khan. Ghazan ordered the Georgia (country), Georgian king to arrive to his capital Tabriz. Remembering the fate of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahnshah II Zakarian
Shahnshah II Zakarian was a member of the Armenian Zakarid dynasty, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the office of ''amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) and ''atabeg'' (Governor General) of Georgia. Biography He was the son of Ivane II Zakarian and grandson of Shahnshah Zakarian, he was one of the active participants in the political events of that time. He was an apostle to Beka I Jaqeli, so that he could send the Prince George (the future George V) to be brought up with him. The chronicler mentions Shahnshah a member of the Mongol punitive expedition against King David VIII. "Atabeg-Amirspasalar Shahansha" is mentioned in one of the Armenian inscriptions of 1310 AD, and only as Atabeg in the Georgian-language epitaph on the tombstone of his brother, Atabeg Vahram. His wife Kuandze The wife of Shahnshah II Zakarian was named Kuandze and was the daughter of the Armenian Princes Khoshak and Shams al-Din Juvayni, an Il-Khanid Sahib Divan, "the highes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
