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Khokhanaberd
Khokhanaberd (, ), also known as Khanabert () and Tarkhanaberd (), is a 9th-century mountaintop fortress near the village of Vank, Nagorno-Karabakh, Vank, in the Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh, disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, in the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan. Historically a part of the Lower Khachen (Nerkin Khachen) province of the Armenian Principality of Khachen, it served as a castle and residence of several rulers of the House of Hasan-Jalalyan. Etymology A local folk etymology holds that Hasan Jalal I Dawla, founder of the Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty, named it upon hearing news of his son's birth (in the local Karabakh dialect of Armenian, ''khokha'' means child). The fortress has historically been referred to by various names besides Khokhanaberd, including Tarakhana, Khavanaberd, Khokh, Khoyakhan, and Havaptuk. History The fortress is believed to have been constructed from the 7th to 9th centuries, during the period of Arminiya, Arab rule in Armenia. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Khokhanaberd
The siege of Khokhanaberd or Siege of Ishkanaberd was military conflict between Kingdom of Artsakh, Armenian and Mongol Empire, Mongol forces in XIII century during Mongol invasions of Georgia, Mongol invasions of Georgia and Armenia. Background In 1220, Mongols invaded Kingdom of Georgia, Georgia. The same year they invaded Zakarid Armenia, Armenia under Zakarid dynasty. After conquering the coastal regions of Lake Sevan and Syunik (historical province), Syunik, another Mongol army led by Jughbugha Noyin set out to conquer Principality of Khachen, Khachen. The Mongol army led by the general Jughbugha invades Khachen (the mountainous part of Artsakh), where it encounters stubborn resistance. Moreover, unlike other regions, in Khachen the struggle was not concentrated in one fortress, which served as a hub, but rather numerous pockets of resistance were created. Part of the Armenians of Principality of Khachen, Inner Khachen took refuge in the fortress. Despite the stubborn r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vank, Nagorno-Karabakh
Vank () or Vangli () is a village in the Aghdara District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. From 1991 to 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the exodus of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh. The 13th-century Gandzasar Monastery, and the 9th-century Khokhanaberd fortress are located near Vank. History The village of Vank (meaning monastery in Armenian) was founded in the 9th century, and was named as such for its proximity to Gandzasar Monastery. Although the current structure of Gandzasar was built in the 13th century, a church or monastery existed at the site several centuries before then. The village was previously also known by the name Vankashen. The village is surrounded by several historical monuments dating to the Middle Ages. The most prominent among them is the thirteenth-century monastic comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Hasan-Jalalyan
Hasan-Jalalyan ( is a medieval Armenian dynasty that ruled over parts of the South Caucasus. From the early thirteenth century, the family held sway in Khachen (Greater Artsakh) in what are now the regions of lower Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Syunik in modern Armenia. Ulubabian, Bagrat. s.v. Hasan-Jalalyanner asan-Jalalyans Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 6, p. 246. The family was founded by Hasan-Jalal Dawla, an Armenian feudal prince from Khachen. The Hasan-Jalalyans maintained their autonomy over the course of several centuries of nominal foreign domination by the Seljuk Turks, Persians and Mongols. They, along with the other Armenian princes and ''meliks'' of Khachen, saw themselves as holding the last bastion of Armenian independence in the region. Through their patronage of churches and monasteries, Armenian culture flourished in the region. By the late sixteenth century, the Hasan-Jalalyan family had branched out to establish principalities in nearby Gülüsta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri
''Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri'' ( "Bulletin/Review of Social Sciences") is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Armenian Academy of Sciences covering Armenian studies. The journal's archives have undergone digitalization. See also * '' Patma-Banasirakan Handes'' * '' Bazmavep'' * '' Haigazian Armenological Review'' * '' Handes Amsorya'' * ''Revue des Études Arméniennes ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles relating to Classical and medieval Armenian history, art history, philology, linguistics, and literature.History journals Armenian studies journals [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tourist Attractions In Azerbaijan
Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes". Tourism can be domestic (within the traveller's own country) or international. International tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, tourism numbers declined due to a severe economic slowdown (see Great Recession) and the outbreak of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. These numbers, however, recovered until the COVID-19 pandemic put an abrupt end to the growth. The United Nations World Tourism Organization has estimated that global international tourist a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Güyük Khan
Güyük Khan or Güyüg Khagan, mononymously Güyüg ( 19 March 1206 – 20 April 1248), was the third Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He reigned from 1246 to 1248. He started his military career by participating in the Mongol conquest of Eastern Xia, conquest of Eastern Xia in China and later in the Mongol invasion of Europe, invasion of Europe. When his father died, he was enthroned as Khagan in 1246. During his almost two year reign, he reversed some of his mother's unpopular edicts and ordered an empire-wide census; he also held some authority in Eastern Europe, appointing Andrey II of Vladimir, Andrey II as the Grand Prince of Vladimir, grand prince of Vladimir and giving the Grand Prince of Kiev, princely title of Kiev to Alexander Nevsky. Early life Güyük received military training and served as an officer under his grandfather Genghis Khan and later his father Ögedei Khan (after the death of Genghis in 1227) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chormaqan
Chormaqan (also Chormagan or Chormaqan Noyan) (; Chagatai: جورماقان; Khalkha Mongolian: ; died was one of the most famous generals of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He was also a member of the keshik. Career A member of the Sunud tribe, Chormaqan is mentioned in '' The Secret History of Mongols'' many times. He probably participated in the Mongol campaigns in North China and later in the Subutai's and Jebe's famous journey through Caucasus and Russian steppes. He was a quiver bearer, as such often mentioned in sources as " Qurchi". He was appointed by Ögedei in the winter of 1230 to renew the Mongol conquests in Persia, which had languished since Genghis Khan's assault on and near destruction of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1218 to 1223. His army reportedly consisted of around 30,000 to 50,000 men. At the approach of Chormagan and the new Mongol army, the small Khwarezmid band under Jalal ad-Din were swept away. Further campaigns in the mid- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirakos Gandzaketsi
Kirakos Gandzaketsi (; c. 1200/1202–1271) was an Armenian historian of the 13th century S. Peter Cowe. Kirakos Ganjakec'i or Arewelc'i // Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History / Edited by David Thomas & Alex Mallet. — BRILL, 2012. —vol. IV. — p. 438: "''Kirakos is one of the most important Armenian historians of the 13th century. He was born in the region of Ganja and received his early formation at the monastic school of Nor Getik under the eminent savant Vanakan Vardapet.''" and author of the ''History of Armenia'', a summary of events from the 4th to the 12th century and a detailed description of the events of his own days.Khanlaryan, L. «Կիրակոս Գանձակեցի»'. Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, p. 450. The work concentrates primarily on the history of Medieval Armenia and events occurring in the Caucasus and Near East. The work serves as a primary source for the study of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahl Smbatean
Sahl Smbatean (, ; died after 855) was an Armenian prince of Arran and Shaki who played a considerable role in the history of the eastern Caucasus during the 9th century and was the ancestor of the House of Khachen established in 821. Name He is called Sahl-i Smbatean Eranshahik ('Sahl Aranshahik, son of Smbat') in the Armenian history of Movses Kaghankatvatsi. Arabic sources call him Sahl ibn Sunbat ('Sahl, son of Sunbat'), also spelled ''Sunbadh''. Vladimir Minorsky writes that ''Ibn Sunbat'' / ''Smbatean'' "may be his family name rather than a direct patronymic". ''Smbat'' is an Armenian name related to Persian ''Sinbad''. ''Sahl'' appears to be an Arabic name he adopted, not his true Christian name. In Michael the Syrian's chronicle, Sahl is called Isaac (''Sahak'' in Armenian), so Bagrat Ulubabyan concludes that ''Sahl'' is a corruption of ''Sahak''. Atrnerseh, identified by some scholars as Sahl's son, is called Adharnarse ibn Ishaq (i.e., son of Isaac) in Tabari's histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arminiya
Arminiya, also known as the Ostikanate of Arminiya (, ''Hayastani ostikanut'yun'') or the Emirate of Armenia (, ''imārat armīniya''), was a political and geographic designation given by the Muslim Arabs to the lands of Greater Armenia, Caucasian Iberia, and Caucasian Albania, following their conquest of these regions in the 7th century. Though the caliphs initially permitted an Armenian prince to represent the province of ''Arminiya'' in exchange for tribute and the Armenians' loyalty during times of war, Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan introduced direct Arab rule of the region, headed by an '' ostikan'' with his capital in Dvin. According to the historian Stephen H. Rapp in the third edition of the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'': History Early period: the Arab conquest of Armenia The details of the early conquest of Armenia by the Arabs are uncertain, as the various Arabic sources conflict with the Greek and Armenian sources, both in chronology and in the details of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh (, ; ) is a region in Azerbaijan, covering the southeastern stretch of the Lesser Caucasus mountain range. Part of the greater region of Karabakh, it spans the area between Lower Karabakh and Syunik Province, Syunik. Its terrain mostly consists of mountains and forestland. Most of Nagorno-Karabakh was governed by Armenian people, ethnic Armenians under the breakaway Republic of Artsakh — also known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) — from the end of the first Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1994 to the announcement of the dissolution of the republic in September 2023. Representatives from the two sides held numerous inconclusive peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group regarding the region's disputed status, with its majority-Armenian population over time variously advocating either for Artsakh's independence from both states or for its integration into Armenia. The region is usually equated with the administrative borders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karabakh Dialect
The Karabakh dialect (, ''Ġarabaġi barbař''), also known as the Artsakh dialect (Արցախի բարբառ, ''Arc'axi barbař'') is an ancient Eastern Armenian dialect with a unique phonetic and syntactic structure. It was mainly spoken in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh prior to the Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians, 2023 Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians. Today, it is spoken in parts of southern and northeastern Armenia, as well as by the refugees of Nagorno-Karabakh who since 2023 have settled in various cities and villages throughout Armenia. The dialect was spoken by most Armenians living in Soviet Azerbaijan, particularly in the cities of Baku and Kirovabad (Ganja, Gandzak). As the first Nagorno-Karabakh War escalated, Armenians of Azerbaijan were forced to leave their homes. Today, most of Armenians immigrants and refugees from Azerbaijan live in Armenia and Russia, where along with standard Armenian and Russian, the Karabakh dialect is sometimes spoken. The dialec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
