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Khalsa Bole
Khalsa bole (Gurmukhi: ਖ਼ਾਲਸਈ ਬੋਲੇ or ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਬੋਲੀ; ''Ḵẖālasa'ī bōlē'', ''Ḵẖālasā bōlī''; meaning "words of Khalsa"; alternatively transcribed as Khalsa boli) is a bravado-based language variety developed and spoken by members of the Akali-Nihang sect of Sikhism. It has also been described as a coded language. Sant Singh Sekhon describes the lect as a "grandiloquent patois" that "comprises euphemisms and jargon symbolic of high-spirited confidence and courage". The Nihangs use certain vocabulary with distinct semantics. Names Other common names for the lect are ''Gar Gaj Bole'' (ਗੜਗੱਜ ਬੋਲੇ; meaning "words that thunder"), ''Nihang Singh de Bole'' ("words of the Nihang Sikhs"), ''Nihang Bola'' ("Nihang speak"), and ''Khalsa de bole'' ("words of the Khalsa"). Purpose The dialect encompasses the Sikh philosophical concept of remaining ever optimistic, known as '' Chardi kala''. The unique dialect serves m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjabi Language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. It is spoken among a Punjabi diaspora, significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Gulf states. In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi, Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Brahmic scripts, Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apabhraṃśa
Apabhraṃśa (, , Prakrit: ) is a term used by '' vaiyākaraṇāḥ'' (native grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to languages spoken in North India before the rise of the modern languages. In Indology, it is used as an umbrella term for the dialects forming the transition between the late Middle and the early Modern Indo-Aryan languages, spanning the period between the 6th and 13th centuries CE. However, these dialects are conventionally included in the Middle Indo-Aryan period. in Sanskrit literally means "corrupt" or "non-grammatical language", that which deviates from the norm of Sanskrit grammar. Apabhraṃśa literature is a valuable source for the history of North India for the period spanning the 12th to 16th centuries.Apabhramsha Sahitya, Devendra Kumar Jain, Mahavir Jain Vidyalay Suvarna Mahotsav Granth, 2003. Overview The term Prakrit, which includes Pali, is also used as a cover term for the vernaculars of North India that were spoken perhaps as late as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur, born Lachman Dev (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a Jathedar, general of the Khalsa Fauj, Khalsa Army. At age 15, he left home to become an Sannyasa, ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery at Nanded, Nānded, on the bank of the river Godavari, Godāvarī. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation to meet Mughal emperor, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I in southern India, he visited Banda Singh Bahadur in 1708. Banda became disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was given a new name, Gurbaksh Singh ''(as written in Mahan Kosh)'', after the baptism ceremony. He is popularly known as Banda Singh Bahadur. He was given five arrows by the Guru as a blessing for the battles ahead. He came to Khanda, Sonipat and assembled a fighting force and led the struggle against the Mughal Empire. His first major action was the sacking of the Mughal provincial capital, Samana, Punjab, Samana, in November 1709. Aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaikara
Jaikara is a term used to refer to religious slogans practiced in Indic religions. They are usually shouted in a group-setting as a devotional practice. Jaikaras can be found in both Hinduism and Sikhism. Hinduism In Hinduism, there are Shaktist jaikaras to pay deference to specific Indic goddesses, known as ''Maa Aap Bulandi''. They are often shouted together as a group amongst devotees and sometimes in specific scenarios, such being in the midst of a religious trek. They are believed to encourage the congregation and strengthen their resolve, it is also way of expressing devotion to a particular deity. However, jaikaras can also be chanted when alone or when two groups of pilgrims cross paths with one another. Common Hindu jaikaras are as follows: * ''Jai mata di'' ("victory of the Mother Goddess") * ''Jaikara sheranwali da'' ("salutations to the Divine Mother whose mount is a lion") * ''Sanchey Darbar Ki Jai'' ("obeisance to the sacred court") Sikhism Amongst Sikh, the j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashaura Singh
Kunwar Pashaura Singh (1821 – 11 September 1845), also spelt Peshawara Singh, sometimes styled as ''Shahzada'', was the younger son of Ranjit Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Rani Daya Kaur. Maharaja Ranjit Singh named Pashaura as he had recently conquered Peshawar. Pashaura's son, Jagjoth Singh was born in 1844 and was granted a half-share of a large jagir in Baraich, Oudh, after the annexation. He was a great philanthropist and public benefactor, who performed valuable services to the government during the Afghan–Sikh Wars, Second Afghan War. He had a son Amar Singh. (''b''. 1876). After the assassination of Maharaja Sher Singh, Pashaura made a bid for the throne of the Sikh Empire. To hide from his political rivals and avoid assassination, he took refuge in British territory, from 1844 to 1845. He then returned to the Punjab, revolted, and was pardoned several times. He was eventually strangled to death by Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana and Chattar Singh Attariwalla, Sardar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhadi (music)
Dhadi ( (Gurmukhi), Dhādi), also spelled as Dhadhi, is one who sings ballads using Dhadd and Sarangi, the folk instruments of Punjab. According to Kahn Singh Nabha's Mahan Kosh the definition of ''dhadhi'' is "One who sings ballads of warriors playing Dhadd". Dhadis are a distinct group performers emerged in the time of Sikh gurus. The word ''Dhadi'' can be translated in English to be a ''minstrel'' or ''bard''. The word is used several times in the Sikh religious text, Guru Granth Sahib, in the meaning of humbleness. In his compositions, Guru Nanak Dev Ji called himself a Dhadhi of God. The word is also appeared in the writing of the third, fourth and fifth Guru and Bhagat Namdev. Dhadi refers both to a genre of Punjabi music and the performers who play it: a distinctly composed ensemble of ballad-singers. After briefly sketching the long yet hazy background of the art, this article reconstructs its more certain and recent history so far as it can be gleaned from the oral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ragi (Sikhism)
A Ragi (; ''rāgī'') is a Sikhism, Sikh musician who plays hymns (Shabda, shabads) in different ragas as prescribed in the Guru Granth Sahib. Role Professional Sikh musical performances are usually done within Gurdwara, gurdwaras. Within the central room, there is a dedicated space beside the sacred scripture for the ''rāgī jathā'' (ragi ensemble) on an elevated stage. The ragis sit on the elevated stage facing the gathered Sikh congregation in the room, who sit directly on the floor at a lower level. Kirtan is performed within the gurdwaras on both regular and List of Sikh festivals, celebatory days. For the major and popular gurdwaras, Sunday (''Aitavāra'') tends to be the day where more kirtan performances are held throughout the day whilst for other days, kirtan performances usually occur in the evening time. Kirtan within gurdwara is usually performed by the ragi jathi, typically consisting of three members in modern-times but four members in historical-times. Asid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dera (organization)
A ''dera'' is a type of socio-religious organization in northern India. Jacob Copeman defines the ''deras'' as "monasteries or the extended residential sites of religious leaders; frequently just glossed as sect". Several ''deras'' started out as non-orthodox Sikh sects, and many of them are now centres of distinct non-Sikh religious movements. Many ''deras'' have attracted a large number of Dalits ( untouchables), who earlier converted to Sikhism to escape Hindu casteism, but felt socially excluded by the Jat Sikh dominated clerical establishment. History The word ''Dera'' derives from the Persian word ''Derah'' or ''Dirah'', which literally means a camp, abode, monastery or convent. The phenomenon of ''Dera'', as sectarian institution, is not new in Punjab and it is much older than Sikhism. ''Deras'' in Punjab, before the Sikhism, belonged to Sufi Pirs, Yogi Naths, and Sants of the Bhakti movement. In Punjab, the popularity of Sufi pirs, sants or their shrines can be seen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charhdi Kala
In Sikhism, (Gurmukhi: ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਕਲਾ ''caṛhadī kalā'') or ''Charhdi Kala'', is the Punjabi term for aspiring to maintain a mental state of eternal resilience, optimism and joy; an acceptance that life ebbs and flows with hardship and to rise above that adversity. Sikhs are ideally expected to be in this positive state of mind as a sign of their contentment with the will of God ('), even during times of suffering. Description Chardi Kala can be translated as "positive attitude" or "ascending energy". It is also described as being in "high spirits" or “positive, buoyant and optimistic” attitude to life and to the future. Chardi kala is the state of mind in which a person has no negative emotions like fear, jealousy or enmity. Instead the mind has many positive feelings including joy, satisfaction and self-dignity Dignity is a human's contentment attained by satisfying physiological needs and a need in development. The content of contemporary dignity i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sant Singh Sekhon
Sant Singh Sekhon (1908–1997) was an Indian playwright and fiction writer associated with Punjabi literature. He is part of the generation of Indian authors who mark the transition of India into an independent nation, scarred by the tragedies of partition. Life Sekhon was born in Lyallpur, Punjab, British India (present-day Pakistan), and grew up in his father's village in Dakha, near Ludhiana. His father was an idealist but introverted while his mother was more practical and religious, practicing Sikh ''Singh Sabha''. There was considerable marital discord in the family which colours many of his stories. Sekhon eventually graduated with master's degrees in Economics and also in English. In the 1930s, he started writing in English, and after some initial publications including some in shared publications with W.H. Auden and Stephen Spender. But given the greater audience in Punjabi, he shifted to Punjabi, and initially made a mark as a playwright. Along with many South-Asi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikhism
Sikhism is an Indian religion and Indian philosophy, philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups, major religions and among the largest in the world with about 25–30million adherents, known as Sikhs. Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), named the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the central religious scripture in Sikhism, was their successor. This brought the line of human gurus to a close. Sikhs regard the Guru Granth Sahib as the 11th and eternally living guru. The core beliefs and practices of Sikhism, articulated in the Guru Granth Sahib and other Sikh scriptures, include faith and meditation in the name of the one creator (''Ik Onkar''), the divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akali Nihang
The Nihang (also spelt as Nihung lit. "Crocodiles") or Akali (lit. "Immortals"), also known as '' Dal Khalsa'', is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihangs are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akal Sena" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by Guru Hargobind. Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the Sikh Empire, the Sikh Khalsa Army. Etymology The word ''Nihang'' may come from the Persian word for a mythical sea creature (). The term owes its origin to Mughal historians, who compared the ferocity of the Akāli with that of crocodiles. The meaning of Akali in Sikhism however, is the immortal army of Akāl (God). According to Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, tracing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
