|
Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta (, ) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is the seat of the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of Javanese culture and contains a museum displaying royal artifacts. It is guarded by the Yogyakarta Kraton Guards ( Indonesian: ''Prajurit Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat''). History The complex was built in 1755–1756 ( AJ 1682) for Hamengkubuwono I, the first Sultan of Yogyakarta.OBYEK PENELITIAN http://elib.unikom.ac.id/ It was one of the monarch's first acts after the signing of the , which recognized the creation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvarapala
A Dvarapala or Dvarapalaka (Sanskrit, "door guard"; IAST: ' ) is a door or gate guardian often portrayed as a warrior or fearsome giant, usually armed with a weapon - the most common being the Gada (mace), ''gada'' (mace). The dvarapala statue is a widespread architecture, architectural element throughout Hinduism, Hindu, Buddhism, Buddhist, and Jainism, Jaina cultures, as well as in areas influenced by them like Java. Names In most Southeast Asian languages (including Thai language, Thai, Burmese language, Burmese, Vietnamese language, Vietnamese, Khmer language, Khmer, and Javanese language, Javanese), these protective figures are referred to as ''dvarapala''. Sanskrit ''dvāra'' means "gate" or "door", and ''pāla'' means "guard" or "protector". The related name in Indonesian language, Indonesian and Malaysian language, Malaysia is ''dwarapala''. Equivalent door guardians in northern Asian languages are ''Kongōrikishi'' or ''Nio (Buddhism), Niō'' in Japanese language, Jap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stamford Raffles
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British Colonial Office, colonial official who served as the List of governors of the Dutch East Indies, governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816 and lieutenant-governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. Raffles was involved in Invasion of Java (1811), the capture of the Dutch East Indies, Indonesian island of Java from the French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies#French interregnum 1806–1811, Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars. It was returned under the Anglo–Dutch Treaty of 1824. He also wrote ''The History of Java (1817 book), The History of Java'' in 1817, describing the history of the island from ancient times. The ''Rafflesia'' flowers were named after him. Raffles also played a role in further establishing the British Empire's reach in East Asia, East and Southeast Asia. He secured control over the strategically located Singapore from local rulers in 1819 to secure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Architecture
Chinese architecture () is the embodiment of an architectural style that has developed over millennia in China and has influenced architecture throughout East Asia. Since its emergence during the early ancient era, the structural principles of its architecture have remained largely unchanged. The main changes involved diverse decorative details. Starting with the Tang dynasty, Chinese architecture has had a major influence on the architectural styles of neighbouring East Asian countries such as Japanese architecture, Japan, Korean architecture, Korea, Vietnamese architecture, Vietnam, and Mongolian architecture, Mongolia in addition to minor influences on the architecture of Southeast and South Asia including the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and the Philippines. Chinese architecture is characterized by bilateral symmetry, use of enclosed open spaces, feng shui (e.g. directional Hierarchy, hierarchies), a horizontal emphasis, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Architecture
Dutch architecture has played an important role in the international discourse on architecture in three eras. The first of these was during the 17th century, when the Dutch empire was at the height of its power. The second was in the first half of the 20th century, during development of modernism. The third is not concluded and involves many contemporary Dutch architects who are achieving global prestige. Examples Renaissance and Baroque The Dutch Golden Age roughly spanned the 17th century. Due to the thriving economy, cities expanded greatly. New town halls and storehouses were built, and many new canals were dug out in and around various cities such as Delft, Leiden, and Amsterdam for defense and transport purposes. Many wealthy merchants had new houses built along these canals. These houses were generally very narrow and had ornamented façades that befitted their new status. In the countryside, new country houses were built, though not in the same numbers. Of Itali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Architecture
Portuguese architecture refers to both the architecture of Portugal's modern-day territory in Continental Portugal, the Azores and Madeira, as well as the architectural heritage/patrimony of Portuguese architects and styles throughout the world, particularly in countries formerly part of the Portuguese Empire. Like all aspects of Portuguese culture, Portuguese architecture reflects the artistic influences of the various cultures that have either inhabited Portugal or come in contact with the Portuguese people throughout the history of Portugal, including the Gallaecians, Lusitanians, Celtiberians, Ancient Rome, Romans, Suebi, Visigoths, Moors, Architecture of Goan Catholics, Goans, Macanese people, Macanese, Kristang people, and many more. Because of the history of the Portuguese Empire, several countries across the world are home to sizable heritages of Portuguese colonial architecture, notably Brazil and Uruguay in the Americas, Angola, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architecture Of Indonesia
The architecture of Indonesia reflects the diversity of Culture of Indonesia, cultural, History of Indonesia, historical, and Geography of Indonesia, geographic influences that have shaped Indonesia as a whole. Invaders, colonizers, missionaries, merchants, and traders brought cultural changes that had a profound effect on building styles and techniques. Numbers of Indonesian Rumah adat, vernacular houses have been developed throughout the archipelago. The traditional houses and settlements of the several hundred ethnic groups of Indonesia are extremely varied and all have their specific history. The houses hold social significance in society and demonstrate local ingenuity in their relations to the environment and spatial organisation. Traditionally, the most significant foreign influence has been India. However, Chinese, Arab, and European influences have also played significant roles in shaping Indonesian architecture. Religious architecture varies from indigenous forms to m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraton Yogyakarta 27
Kraton may refer to: *Kraton (Indonesia), an Indonesian name for ''palace'' * Kraton, East Java, a subdistrict located in Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia * Kraton, Yogyakarta, a subdistrict located in Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia *Kraton (polymer), a family of polymers produced by Kraton Corporation *Craton A craton ( , , or ; from "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle. Having often survived cycles of merging and rifting of contine ..., an old and stable part of the continental crust, formerly spelled ''kraton'' * Kraton of Indigo, a character in the book '' The Letter for the King'' {{Disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surakarta Sunanate
Surakarta Sunanate (; ) is a Javanese monarchy centred in the city of Surakarta, in the province of Central Java, Indonesia. The Surakarta Kraton (Indonesia), Kraton was established in 1745 by Pakubuwono II. Surakarta Sunanate and Yogyakarta Sultanate are together the successors of Mataram Sultanate. Unlike their counterparts in Yogyakarta, who use the title of sultan, the rulers of Surakarta use the title of Susuhunan, sunan. The Dutch name was used during Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial rule until 1942. History After the death of Sultan Agung, Sultan Agung I in 1645, the power and prestige of Sultanate of Mataram was declining due to a power struggle and conflict of succession within the royal family. The VOC (Dutch East India Company) exploited the power struggle to increase its control on Java, and manage to gain concessions of Mataram's former colony in Priangan and Semarang. The Mataram seat in Plered near Kotagede collapsed after the Trunojoyo revolt in 1677. Sunan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II (also transliterated Pakubuwana II) (1711–1749) was the ruler of Mataram. His correct title in Javanese etiquette standards contains honorific appellations, some of which each successive ruler inherits. The move of his court from Kartasura to Surakarta was to avert the calamities that occurred at the former palace.Ricklefs, M.C. (1998) ''The seen and unseen worlds in Java, 1726–49: History, literature and Islam in the court of Pakubuwana II''. St. Leonards NSW: The Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen and Unwin; Honolulu : The University of Hawai'i Press. References Burials at Imogiri Susuhunan of Surakarta 1711 births 1749 deaths Sultans of Mataram 18th-century Indonesian people Sons of monarchs {{Indonesia-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucien Adam
Lucien Adam (1833–1918) was a French linguist. Life Lucien Adam was born in Nancy, France. He became known for his writings on eastern Ural–Altaic dialects, and for writings on the Cree and Ojibwe dialects of the Algonquin language family. The International Congress of Americanists was organized in 1875. Due to lack of interest in the United States, it held its first meeting in Nancy in July 1875. Lucien Adam was Secretary at this meeting, and read a paper on "Fusang, of the Chinese Discovery of America." Adam was one of the first to give the " substratist" theory of the origins of creole languages in general terms. In French Guiana and Trinidad he found that French words were added to a West African system of pronunciation and grammar, while in Mauritius they were added to a Malagasy language sub-stratum. In the 1882 a book was published by a French Seminary student, Jean Parisot, that claimed to be the grammar and other material of the hitherto undocumented Taens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud
Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud (20 February 1899 – 6 March 1988) was a German-born Dutch lexicographer and expert in Javanese literature Javanese literature is, generally speaking, literature from Java and, more specifically, from areas where Javanese language, Javanese is spoken. However, similar with other literary traditions, Javanese language works were and not necessarily prod .... He especially became famous for his Javanese–Dutch dictionary (1938) that Poerwadarminto chose as the foundation of . Moreover, Pigeaud is also known because of his monumental study of and text catalogs of the manuscripts in the libraries of the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany. Biography Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud was born on 20 February 1899, in Leipzig, Germany. He was the youngest of three children of Dr. Jan Jacob Pigeaud (1862–1942), a doctor, and his wife, Adolfina Adriana Frederika Bodde (1866–1947). References References External links 1899 births 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamengkubuwono VIII
Hamengkubuwono VIII (3 March 1880 – 22 October 1939), also spelled as Hamengkubuwana VIII, was the 8th sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 1921 until he died in 1939. During his reign, he carried out the rehabilitation of the Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat building, as well as several other structures. He was also one of the first to support Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan in the formation of the Muhammadiyah organization. Early life and education Early life Hamengkubuwono VIII, born as Gusti Raden Mas Sujadi, was born on 3 March 1880. His father was the Sultan of Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono VII, while his mother was the first queen consort styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas or Her Highness Queen Hemas in English. Reign Infrastructure During the leadership of Hamengkubuwono VIII, Yogyakarta experienced rapid progress in the fields of education and health. In the field of architecture, the sultan overhauled the current physical form of the palace. Culture In the field of cul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
