Katja Hessel
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Katja Hessel
Katja Hessel (born 5 May 1972) is a German lawyer and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Bavaria from 2017 to March 2025. In addition to her parliamentary work, Hessel served as Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Finance in the coalition government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz from 2021 to 2024. Early life and career Hessel was born in Nuremberg in 1972. In 1991, she passed her Abitur and then studied law in Erlangen until 1996. She passed her first state examination in 1996 and her second in 1998. Kessel started working as a lawyer in her own law firm in 1999 and became a tax consultant in 2002. Political career In 1999, Hessel joined the FDP. She was a State Secretary in the Bavarian State Ministry of Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Transport and Technology under minister Martin Zeil in the government of Minister-President Horst Seehofer from 2008 to 2013. Hessel became ...
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Bundestag
The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet (assembly), Diet") is the lower house of the Germany, German Federalism in Germany, federal parliament. It is the only constitutional body of the federation directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany () in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany, the other being the German Bundesrat, Bundesrat. It is thus the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag. The members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole, are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only accountable to their conscience. As of the current 21st Bundestag, 21st legislative period, the Bundestag has a fixed number of 630 members. The Bundestag is elected every four years by German citizens aged 18 and older. Elections use a mixed-member proportional representation system which combines First-past-the-post voting for co ...
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Nuremberg North
Nuremberg North () is an electoral constituency (German: ''Wahlkreis'') represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 243. It is located in northern Bavaria, comprising the northern part of the city of Nuremberg. Nuremberg North was created for the 1965 federal election. Whilst the Christian Social Union won the plurality in the 2025 election, under the new voting system, their candidate did not actually win a seat in the Bundestag. This was due to the distribution of seats won by the CSU being decided by the first (direct) vote percentage of each winning CSU candidate, determining who took the seats. As the CSU candidate got a low vote of 30.2%, the seat will remain vacant throughout the 21st Bundestag. Geography Nuremberg North is located in northern Bavaria. As of the 2021 federal election, it comprises the ''Stadtbezirke'' 01 through 13, 22 through 30, 64, 65 ...
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Federal Foundation For The Reappraisal Of The SED Dictatorship
The Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship (, alternatively translated as "(Federal) Foundation for the Study of Communist Dictatorship in East Germany") is a government-funded organisation established in 1998 by the German parliament. Its mandate is to assess the history (1949–1990) of the socialist regime of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, commonly known as East Germany), and its impact on the now reunified Germany. As its logo, the foundation uses the former East German flag minus its coat of arms. In the final months of the GDR, many East German citizens cut out the flag's emblem in this manner. The foundation also initiated a project "Aufbruch 1989" in which 17 organisations cooperated, including the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation which is affiliated with the SED successor party, Die Linke. This was rejected by Hubertus Knabe, and after it was made public, by a public letter signed by Bärbel Bohley, Werner Schulz, Lutz Rathenow, , Ralp ...
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Handelsblatt
The ''Handelsblatt'' (literally "commerce paper" in English) is a German-language business newspaper published in Düsseldorf by Handelsblatt Media Group, formerly known as Verlagsgruppe Handelsblatt. History and profile ''Handelsblatt'' was established in 1946 by journalist Herbert Gross, but after some months Friedrich Vogel (1902–1976) became publisher. In 1969, Georg von Holtzbrinck became partner of Friedrich Vogel. Since 2021, its editor-in-chief is Sebastian Matthes. Its publisher, Handelsblatt Media Group, also publishes the weekly business magazine ''Wirtschaftswoche'' of which the editor-in-chief is Beat Balzli. ''Handelsblatt'' headquarters are in Düsseldorf. Since September 2005 ''Handelsblatt'' has been offering an online lexicon called ''WirtschaftsWiki'' which features definitions of terms used in economics and politics. The database can be modified by any registered user. In September 2006 ''Handelsblatt'' ranked all economists working in Germany, Austria ...
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Deutsche Telekom
Deutsche Telekom AG (, ; often just Telekom, DTAG or DT; stylised as ·T·) is a partially state-owned German telecommunications company headquartered in Bonn and the largest telecommunications provider in Europe by revenue. It was formed in 1995 when , a state monopoly at the time, was privatized and broken up. Since then, Deutsche Telekom has consistently featured among Fortune (magazine), ''Fortune'' ''Magazine'''s top Fortune Global 500, Global 500 companies by revenue, with its ranking at number 79. In 2023, the company was ranked 41st in the Forbes Global 2000. The company operates several subsidiaries worldwide, including the mobile communications brand T-Mobile (brand), T-Mobile. It is the world's List of telephone operating companies, fifth-largest telecommunications company and biggest in Europe by revenue. , the German government held a direct 14.5% stake in company stock and another 17.4% through the government bank KfW. On 4th June 2024, the German government reduce ...
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Süddeutsche Zeitung
The ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' (; ), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest and most influential daily newspapers in Germany. The tone of ''SZ'' is mainly described as centre-left, liberal, social-liberal, progressive-liberal, and social-democrat. It is considered one of Germany's newspapers of record. The Süddeutsche Zeitung was one of the first daily newspapers approved by the Allies after World War II and was first published on 6 October 1945. The newspaper is published by ''Süddeutsche Verlag'' in Munich. It is majority owned by investment holdings and a small part by the original publishing family, the Friedmann family. The editors-in-chief are Wolfgang Krach and Judith Wittwer. The chairman of the editorial board is Thomas Schaub. History 20th century On 6 October 1945, five months after the end of World War II in Germany, the ''SZ'' was the first newspaper to receive a license from the U.S. military administration of Bavaria. The first issue was publi ...
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Deutschlandfunk
Deutschlandfunk (DLF, ''Broadcast Germany'') is a public-broadcasting radio station in Germany, concentrating on news and current affairs. It is one of the four national radio channels produced by Deutschlandradio. History Broadcasting in the Federal Republic of Germany is reserved under the Basic Law (constitution) to the states. This means that all public broadcasting is regionalised. National broadcasts must be aired through the national consortium of regional public broadcasters ( ARD) or authorized by a treaty negotiated between the states. In the 1950s, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) began broadcasting its Deutschlandsender station on longwave. In response to this, the then- Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk applied for a licence to operate a similar longwave service on behalf of the ARD. This was granted in 1956 and operated as Deutscher Langwellensender ("German Longwave Station"). On 29 November 1960, the federal government under Konrad Adenauer created ''Deutsch ...
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Christian Dürr
Christian Dürr (born 18 April 1977) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who served as a member of the Bundestag from 2017 to 2025. From December 2021, he was the leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag. Early life and education Dürr was born in Delmenhorst. He graduated in economics from Leibniz University Hannover, with a thesis on emissions trading. Political career Career in state politics Dürr was first elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in the 2003 state elections. He was his parliamentary group's spokesperson on environmental policy (2003–2009) and media policy (2013–2017). Between 2009 and 2017, he served as chairman of the parliamentary group; in this role, he succeeded Jörg Bode. Member of the German Parliament, 2017–2025 Dürr first became a member of the German Bundestag in the 2017 elections, representing the Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land district. Within his parliamentary group, he chaired the Bu ...
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Lisa Paus
Elisabeth "Lisa" Paus (born 19 September 1968) is a German politician who served as the Federal Minister for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth from 2022 to 2025. A member of Alliance 90/The Greens and an economist by training, she has served as a Member of the German Bundestag for the state of Berlin since 2009. Early life and education Paus was born in Rheine, West Germany, and grew up in nearby Emsbüren, close to the Dutch border. She grew up in an affluent family; her father, the engineer Hermann Paus, founded and owned the , a company with around 300 employees that produces special-purpose machines and vehicles for the mining industry. The name Paus means pope, originating as a Middle Low German nickname for someone renowned for their piety, and is found in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Scandinavia; her family is unrelated to the famous literary family of the name. After graduating from high school she volunteered for one year at an orphanage in Ha ...
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Doris Ahnen
Doris Maria Ahnen is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as Minister for Finance in the state government of Rhineland-Palatinate since 2014. Prior to that she served as the Minister for Education, Research and Culture since 2001. She has been a part of the State Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate since the 2006 elections. She is also a member of the German Bundesrat for Rhineland-Palatinate. Political career State Minister of Education, 2001–2014 From 2001 until 2014, Ahnen served as State Minister of Education in the government of Minister-President Kurt Beck. In this capacity, she chaired the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs in 2004. Since 2004, Ahnen has been serving as deputy chair of the SPD in Rhineland-Palatinate, under the leadership of chairpersons Kurt Beck (2004–2012) and Roger Lewentz (2012–present). Ahnen co-chaired the SPD's national conventions in Berlin, (2011, 2014, 2015 ...
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Federal Budget Of Germany
The public sector budget of Germany is divided among the administrative divisions of the country. The Federal Statistical Office of Germany breaks down the 2023 general government budget into the following categories: The International Monetary Fund reports Germany's government revenue and expenditure amounted to 47.0% and 49.5% of GDP in 2022. In terms of accounting period, the national government's fiscal year aligns with the calendar year (1 January to 31 December). Since 2009, Germany has a balanced budget amendment in its Constitution, the so-called "debt brake" (Schuldenbremse in German), which restricts annual structural deficits to 0.35% of GDP. If a natural disaster or extraordinary emergency exists, the debt brake may be temporarily suspended for a budget year by a majority vote in Parliament, as was done in 2020-2023. Controversially, the numerous and financially significant special funds established by the Federal government (29 funds with a collective financial ...
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2021 German Federal Election
The 2021 German federal election was held in Germany on 26 September 2021 to elect the members of the 20th Bundestag. State elections in Berlin and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern were also held. Incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel, first elected in 2005, chose not to run again, marking the first time that an incumbent Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany did not seek re-election. With 25.7% of total votes, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) recorded their best result since 2005, and emerged as the largest party for the first time since 2002. The ruling CDU/CSU, which had led a grand coalition with the SPD since 2013, recorded their worst ever result with 24.1%, a significant decline from 32.9% in 2017. Alliance 90/The Greens achieved their best result in history at 14.7%, while the Free Democratic Party (FDP) made small gains and finished on 11.4%. The Alternative for Germany (AfD) fell from third to fifth place with 10.4%, a decline of 2.3 percentage points. The Le ...
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