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Kashechewan Map
Kashechewan First Nation, locally known as Kash, is a Swampy Cree, Cree First Nations in Canada, First Nation located on the northern shore of the Albany River in Northern Ontario, Canada, within territory covered by Treaty 9. The community is located on the west coast of James Bay. Kashechewan came into being when most of the Anglican families of Fort Albany First Nation, Fort Albany on the south shore of the river moved north in 1958–1961. Kashechewan was granted its own Band government, band council under the Indian Act in 1977, though the two still share a Indian reserve, reserve, Fort Albany 67. The population was estimated to be about 2,000 as of 2024, according to the CBC News, CBC, and as of October 2024, the total population of Kashechewan and Fort Albany, which are reported together by Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, CIRNAC, was 5,597. The First Nation was the subject of international media attention due to the discovery of Escherichia coli, ...
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Mushkegowuk Council
Mushkegowuk Council (pointed: ᐅᒪᐡᑫᑯ ᐅᑭᒫᐎᐎᐣ (''omashkeko okimāwiwin''); unpointed: ᐅᒪᐡᑫᑯ ᐅᑭᒪᐎᐎᐣ), or officially as the Mushkegowuk Tribal Council, is a non-profit regional chiefs' council representing Cree First Nations in Canada, First Nations in northern Ontario, Canada. The council, located in Moose Factory, Moose Factory, Ontario provides advisory services and program delivery to its eight member nations. Council The council is made up of a representing chief from each of the eight member communities. The chiefs provide political direction to the organization in its strategic planning, government relations and policy development. To assist in these activities, the council maintains a political and advocacy staff to support its efforts in helping their communities to prosper. In turn, the council is a member of Nishnawbe Aski Nation, a tribal political organization representing the majority of Treaty 5 and Treaty 9 First Nations ...
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Ice Road
An ice road or ice bridge is a human-made structure that runs on a frozen water surface (a river, a lake or a sea water expanse).Masterson, D. and Løset, S., 2011, ISO 19906: Bearing capacity of ice and ice roads, Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC), Montreal, Canada. Ice roads are typically part of a winter road, but they can also be simple stand-alone structures, connecting two shorelines.Goff, R.D. and Masterson, D.M., 1986, Construction of a sprayed ice island for exploration, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Tokyo, pp. 105–112. Ice roads may be planned, built and maintained so as to remain safe and effective, and a number of guidelines have been published with information in these regards. An ice road may be constructed year after year, for instance to service community needs d ...
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Indigenous Peoples Atlas Of Canada
The Indigenous Peoples Atlas of Canada () is an English and French educational resource created by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society, published by Canadian Geographic, and funded by the Government of Canada. It was created to address calls to action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada), Truth and Reconciliation Commission, among them the development of "culturally appropriate curricula" for Aboriginal Canadian students. Its content includes information about indigenous lands, languages, communities, treaties, and cultures, and topics such as the Canadian Indian residential school system, racism, and cultural appropriation. Description The Atlas consists of a four-volume book set, an interactive website, five floor maps, downloadable tile maps, plastic-coated maps, poster maps, teaching guides for elementary and secondary school students, and lesson plans for teachers. One floor map is the size of a school gymnasium, about . The periphery of the map contains ...
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Canadian Indian Residential School System
The Canadian Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples. The network was funded by the Canadian government's Department of Indian Affairs and administered by various Christian churches. The school system was created to isolate Indigenous children from the influence of their own culture and religion in order to assimilate them into the dominant Euro-Canadian culture. The system began with laws before Confederation and was mainly active after the Indian Act was passed in 1876. Attendance at these schools became compulsory in 1894, and many schools were located far from Indigenous communities to limit family contact. By the 1930s, about 30 percent of Indigenous children were attending residential schools. The last federally-funded residential school closed in 1997, with schools operating across most provinces and territories. Over the course of the system's more than 160-year history, around 150,000 children were placed in reside ...
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Grey Nuns Of The Cross
The Sisters of Charity of Montreal, formerly called The Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal and more commonly known as the Grey Nuns of Montreal, is a Canadian religious institute of Roman Catholic religious sisters, founded in 1737 by Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. History The congregation was founded when Marguerite d'Youville and three of her friends formed a religious association to care for the poor. They rented a small house in Montreal on 30 October 1738, taking in a small number of destitute persons. On 3 June 1753 the society received a royal sanction, which also transferred to them the rights and privileges previously granted by letters patent in 1694 to the ( French for 'Hospitaller Brothers of the Cross and of Saint Joseph'), known after their founder as the Frères Charon. At that time they also took over the work of the bankrupt Frères Charon at the ('Montreal General Hospital') located outside the city walls. (In the seven ...
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Oblates Of Mary Immaculate
The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) is a missionary religious congregation in the Catholic Church. It was founded on January 25, 1816, by Eugène de Mazenod, a French priest later recognized as a Catholic saint. The congregation was given recognition by Pope Leo XII on February 17, 1826. , the congregation was composed of 3,631 priests and lay brothers usually living in community. Their traditional salutation is ('Praised be Jesus Christ'), to which the response is ('And Mary Immaculate'). Members use the post-nominal letters "OMI". As part of its mission to evangelize the "abandoned poor", OMI are known for their mission among the Indigenous peoples of Canada, and their historic administration of at least 57 schools within the Canadian Indian residential school system. Some of those schools have been associated with cases of child abuse by Oblate clergy and staff. Foundation The "Society of Missionaries of Provence" was founded on January 25, 1816, in Aix-e ...
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North American Fur Trade
The North American fur trade is the (typically) historical Fur trade, commercial trade of furs and other goods in North America, beginning in the eastern provinces of French Canada and the northeastern Thirteen Colonies, American colonies (soon-to-be northeastern United States). The trade was initiated mainly through French, Dutch and English settlers and explorers in collaboration with various Indigenous peoples of the Americas, First Nations tribes of the region, such as the Huron tribe, Wyandot-Huron and the Iroquois; ultimately, the fur trade's financial and cultural benefits would see the operation quickly expanding coast-to-coast and into more of the continental United States and Alaska. Competition in the trade especially for the European market, led to various wars among indigenous peoples aided by various European colonial allies. Europeans began their participation in the North American fur trade from the initial period of their European colonization of the Americas, c ...
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Alan Pope
Alan William Pope (August 2, 1945 – July 8, 2022) was a Canadian politician. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1977 to 1990, and served as a cabinet minister in the governments of Bill Davis and Frank Miller. Early years Pope was raised in Northern Ontario, and was educated at Waterloo Lutheran University and Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto. He worked as a lawyer before entering politics. Pope served as an alderman for Timmins City Council from 1973 to 1974. Provincial politics In the 1975 provincial election, he ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate in the riding of Cochrane South but lost to Bill Ferrier of the NDP by 1,292 votes. He ran again in the 1977 provincial election, this time defeating Ferrier by 2,276 votes. He was appointed a parliamentary assistant in Davis's government in 1978, and was promoted to Minister without portfolio on August 30, 1979. He faced a minor controversy in 1979, when Ed ...
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Fort Albany (Ontario)
Fort Albany was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post established in 1679 near the site of the present day Fort Albany First Nation. The fort was one of the oldest and most important of the Hudson's Bay Company's posts. It was also involved in Anglo-French tensions leading to the Battle of Fort Albany in 1688. History The area was explored by Charles Bayly, the first overseas governor of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), around 1675, and the original Fort Albany was established in 1679. The fort was named in honour of Henry Stuart, 6th Duke of Albany. It was one of the original Hudson's Bay Company trading posts, the others being Moose Factory on the south shore of James Bay, Charles Fort (later Rupert House) on the east, York Factory in the Port Nelson region, and New Severn (aka Fort Severn). In these early days of the company, each fort was run by a governor, who served for a number of years and oversaw the company employees, managing the trade of their fort. The original fo ...
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Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), originally the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading Into Hudson’s Bay, is a Canadian holding company of department stores, and the oldest corporation in North America. It was the owner of the namesake Hudson's Bay (department store), Hudson's Bay department stores (colloquially The Bay), and also owns or manages approximately of gross leasable real estate through its HBC Properties and Investments business unit. HBC previously owned the full-line Saks Fifth Avenue and off-price Saks Off 5th in the United States, which were spun-off into the Saks Global holding company in 2024. After incorporation by royal charter issued in 1670 by Charles II of England, King Charles II, the company was granted a right of "sole trade and commerce" over an expansive area of land known as Rupert's Land, comprising much of the Hudson Bay drainage basin. This right gave the company a monopoly, commercial monopoly over that area. The HBC functioned ...
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Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin. This is sometimes distinguished from cognate kinship, through the mother's lineage, also called the spindle side or the distaff side. A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males. In the Bible In the Bible, family and tribal membership appears to be transmitted through the father. For example, a person is considered to be a priest or Levite, if his father is a priest or Levite, and the members of all the Twelve Tribes are called Israelites because their father is Israel (Jacob). In the first lines of the New Testament, the descent of Jesus Christ is counted through the male lineage from Abraham throug ...
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Algonquian Peoples
The Algonquians are one of the most populous and widespread North American indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous American groups, consisting of the peoples who speak Algonquian languages. They historically were prominent along the East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Coast and in the interior regions along St. Lawrence River and around the Great Lakes. Before contact with Europeans, most Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, with many of them supplementing their diet by cultivating maize, corn, beans and Cucurbita, squash (the "Three Sisters (agriculture), Three Sisters"). The Ojibwe cultivated wild rice. Colonial period At the time of European arrival in North America, Algonquian peoples resided in present-day Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, New England, New Jersey, southeastern New York (state), New York, Delaware, and down the East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Coast to the Upper South, and around the Great Lakes in present-day Illino ...
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