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Kara Mustafa
Kara Mustafa Pasha (; ; "Mustafa Pasha the Courageous"; 1634/1635 – 25 December 1683) was an Ottoman nobleman, military figure and Grand Vizier, who was a central character in the Ottoman Empire's last attempts at expansion into both Central and Eastern Europe. Early life and career Kara Mustafa Pasha was of Turkish origin. However, he was brought up in the Köprülü family, of Albanian origin. He was born in the village of Mirince/Marınca near Merzifon (now called Karamustafapaşa after him), the son of a ''sipahi'', cavalry man. His father is said to have served under Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. Possibly as a way to increase his possibilities to start an administrative career, he was introduced into the Köprülü household, where he was educated by Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, and married into the Köprülü family.''The Siege of Vienna'', John Stoye, p. 18. How he entered the family and the details of his marriage are unclear. Within the household's inner service (''end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Vizier Of The Ottoman Empire
The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire ( or ''Sadr-ı Azam'' (''Sadrazam''); Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish: or ) was the ''de facto'' prime minister of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with the absolute power of attorney and, in principle, removable only by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan himself in the classical period, before the Tanzimat Fermanı, Tanzimat reforms, or until the Second Constitutional Era, 1908 Revolution. He held the imperial seal and could summon all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state in the Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire), Imperial Council; the viziers in conference were called "''kubbe'' viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the ''Kubbealtı'' ('under-the-dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte. History During the emerging phases of the Ottoman state, "vizier" was the only title used. The first of these Ottoman viziers who was titled "grand vizier" was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara
Kara or KARA may refer to: Geography Localities * Kara, Chad, a sub-prefecture * Kára, Hungary, a village * Kara, Uttar Pradesh, India, a township * Kara, Iran, a village in Lorestan Province * Kara, Republic of Dagestan, a rural locality in Dagestan, Russia * Kara, Sardauna, a village in Sardauna, Nigeria * Kara, Bougainville, a town on Bougainville Island in Papua New Guinea * Kara, Togo, a city in northern Togo ** Kara Region ** Roman Catholic Diocese of Kara, Togo * Gaya confederacy or Kara, a former confederation in the southern Korean peninsula * Kara crater, a meteorite crater in northern Russia Rivers, Seas * Kara (river), a river in northern Russia, flowing into the Kara Sea * Kara River (other), other rivers named Kara * Kara Lake, Bolivia * Kara Sea, a sea in the Arctic Ocean * Kara Strait, a strait in Russia People * Kara (name), a surname and given name, and a list of people with the name * Kara people, an ethnic group in South Sudan, exceeding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha
Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (" Köprülü Mustafa Pasha the Wise", also known as Gazi Fazıl Mustafa Köprülü (; ) 1637 – 19 August 1691, Slankamen) served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1689 to 1691, when the Empire was engaged in a war against the Holy League countries in the Great Turkish War.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) He was the son of Ayşe Hatun, of Turkish origin, and of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. He was thus a member of the Köprülü family of Albanian origin through his father. His father, his elder brother Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, as well as his two brothers-in-law (Kara Mustafa Pasha and Abaza Siyavuş Pasha) were former grand viziers. His epithet ''Fazıl'' means "wise" in Ottoman Turkish. Rise to Power He was the son of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, an Albanian Vizier of the Ottoman Empire and the founder of the Köprülü family, and of Ayşe Hatun. The daughter o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Turkish War
The Great Turkish War () or The Last Crusade, also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years (), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (1684), Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland-Lithuania, Republic of Venice, Venice, Tsardom of Russia, Russia, and Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867), the Kingdom of Hungary. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a resounding defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost substantial territory, in Ottoman Hungary, Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as in part of the western Balkans. The war was significant also for being the first instance of Russia joining an alliance with Western Europe. Historians have labeled the war as the Fourteenth Crusade launched against the Turks by the papacy. The French did not join the Holy League, as France had agreed to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chyhyryn Campaign (1678)
The Chyhyryn campaign or Chigirin campaign was launched by the Ottoman-led coalition against the Cossack-Russian defenders of Chyhyryn with the goal of capturing the fortress, from 8 July to 17 August 1678. Prelude After repelling an Ottoman assault in November 1677, Patrick Gordon was appointed as the major general of the Chyhyryn garrison. Mehmed IV personally supervised the Ottoman army and appointed Kara Mustafa Pasha to lead the army in the new campaign on Chyhyryn. On July 6, Cossack-Russian army didn't make serious attempt to try preventing the Ottoman-Tatar army of Kara Mustafa from approaching Chyhyryn. Campaign On July 8, Ottoman army approached Chyhyryn. On July 9, Kosagov retreated from his position which was soon occupied by Tatars. On July 12, the regiment of V.A. Zmeev, had to fight against a superior Ottoman-Tatar army, but managed to repel them with massive artillery fire from the other bank of the Dnieper, allowing the overturned regiments of V.A. Zmeev t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Ladyzhyn
A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecrafts or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a quick assault, and which refuses to surrender (military), surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target to block provision of supplies and reinforcement or escape of troops (a tactic known as "investment (military), investment"). This is typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, mining (military), mining (also known as sapping), or the use of deception or treachery to bypass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Uman (1674)
The siege of Uman or defence of Uman was a siege of the city of Uman conducted by the Ottoman grand vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha against the Cossack garrison in the city led by colonel Stepan Yavorsky during the 1674 campaign of Romodanovsky and Samoylovych. The city was eventually captured and sacked. Background In the march of 1674, joint Russian and Cossack army invaded the right-bank Ukraine, which was at the time an Ottoman protectorate under the rule of Petro Doroshenko. Allied army captured most of the region and as a result, Samoylovych was proclaimed as a hetman of right-bank Ukraine by ten regiments, including the Uman regiment. In July, the Cossack-Russian army besieged the Doroshenko's capital – Chyhyryn. To help his ally, Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV sent an army to the right bank. Siege In August, the Ottoman army besieged the city. Locals sent letters to the left-bank Hetman Ivan Samoilovich and Grigory Romodanovsky asking for help, but without any consequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chyhyryn Campaign (1674)
The Chyhyryn campaign or Chigirin campaign was an unsuccessful siege conducted by the Russian-Cossack forces in order to oust Petro Doroshenko from power, along with Ottoman–Crimean forces on his side. Prelude On June 9, Doroshenko attempted to ambush the Cossack-Russian forces during their campaign. However, Doroshenko's Cossack–Tatar detachment was defeated and he fled to Chyhyryn. Doroshenko was now at risk of being decisively defeated and captured in his fortress, so he had to ask Mehmed IV for military support, but Ottoman army could only arrive later. On July 20, Russian-Cossack forces crossed the Dnieper and headed for Chyhyryn. Sultan was informed of this and forced to divert his forces from operations in Poland to assist Doroshenko. Campaign On July 23, Russian–Cossack forces besieged Chyhyryn. Doroshenko attempted counterattack, which was unsuccessful. However, the Russian army was in poor shape, only 11,463 Russian troops were combat-ready. There were 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Turkish War (1676–81)
The Russo-Turkish wars ( ), or the Russo-Ottoman wars (), began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of these wars ended in losses for the Ottoman Empire, which was undergoing a period of stagnation and decline. Conversely, they showcased the ascendancy of the Russian Empire as a significant European power after Peter the Great oversaw extensive modernization efforts in the early 18th century. Ultimately, however, the end of the Russo-Turkish wars came about with the dissolution of the two belligerents' respective states as a consequence of World War I: the Russian Empire collapsed in 1917 and was ultimately succeeded by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922; while the Ottoman Empire was partitioned between 1918 and 1922 and succeeded by the Republic of Turkey in 1923. History Initial and intermediate phases (1568–1739) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapudan Pasha
The Kapudan Pasha (, modern Turkish: ), also known as the (, modern: , "Captain of the Sea") was the grand admiral of the Ottoman Navy. Typically, he was based at Galata and Gallipoli during the winter and charged with annual sailings during the summer months. The title of ''Kapudan Pasha'' itself is only attested from 1567 onwards; earlier designations for the supreme commander of the fleet include (" bey of the sea") and ("head captain"). The title ''Derya Bey'' as an official rank within the Ottoman state structure originated during the reign of Bayezid I (). Following the 1453 conquest of Constantinople, Mehmed II raised Baltaoğlu Süleyman Bey to the status of sanjak bey for his efforts against the Byzantines in the Golden Horn.Shaw, Stanford J''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey'' Vol. 1, pp. 131 ff. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 1976. Accessed 12 Sept 2011. Baltaoğlu received the sanjak of Gallipoli (the principal Turkish naval base) an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
