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Kam–Sui Languages
The Kam–Sui languages () are a branch of the Kra–Dai languages spoken by the Kam–Sui peoples. They are spoken mainly in eastern Guizhou, western Hunan, and northern Guangxi in southern China. Small pockets of Kam–Sui speakers are also found in northern Vietnam and Laos. Classification The Kam–Sui branch includes about a dozen languages. Solnit (1988) considers Lakkia and Biao languages to be sister branches of Kam–Sui, rather than part of Kam–Sui itself. The best known Kam–Sui languages are Dong (Kam), with over a million speakers, Mulam, Maonan, and Sui. Other Kam–Sui languages include Ai-Cham, Mak, and Tʻen, and Chadong, which is the most recently discovered Kam–Sui language. Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be dialects of a single language. Thurgood (1988) Graham Thurgood (1988) presents the following tentative classification for the Kam–Sui branch. Chadong, a language that has been described only recently by Chinese linguist Jinfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guizhou
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Ai-Cham Language
Ai-Cham ( autonym: '; ) is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Diwo 地莪 and Boyao 播尧 Townships, Jialiang District, Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Alternative names for the language are Jiamuhua, Jinhua and Atsam. Fang-Kuei Li first distinguished the language in 1943. Nearby languages include Bouyei and Mak. However, Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be different dialects of an identical language. Ai-Cham has six tones. Regarded of speaker's nationality, they are being subsumed under "Bouyei" nationality (same with speakers of Mak language). The mythical patriarch and hero of the Ai-Cham people is the demigod A demigod is a part-human and part-divine offspring of a deity and a human, or a human or non-human creature that is accorded divine status after death, or someone who has attained the "divine spark" (divine illumination). An immortality, immor ... Wu Sangui, who is celebrated during the Ai-Cham New Year.Lin, Shi and Cui Jianxin. 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefecture-level City
A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's administrative structure. Details During the Republican era, many of China's prefectural cities were designated as Counties of Taiwan, counties as the country's second level division below a province. From 1949 to 1983, the official term was a province-administrated city (Chinese: 省辖市). Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative structure (alongside prefecture of China, prefectures, Leagues of China, leagues and autonomous prefectures). Administrative chiefs (mayors) of prefectural level cities generally have the same rank as a division chief () of a national ministry. Since the 1980s, most former prefectures have been renamed into prefecture-level cities. A prefectural level city is a "city" () and "p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiannan Buyei And Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Qiannan Bouyei people, Buyei and Miao people, Miao Autonomous Prefecture ( zh, s=黔南布依族苗族自治州 , p=Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu; Buyei language, Buyei: ''Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy''; Hmu language, Hmu: ''Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb'') is an autonomous prefecture of Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, bordering Guangxi to the south. The prefecture's seat is Duyun, while its area is . The name "" derives from the prefecture's south-central location in the province; "" is the official abbreviation for Guizhou, while "" means "south". Geography Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in southern Guizhou and situated between 106°12’–108°18’ E longitude and 25°04’–27°29’ N. The southernmost point of the prefecture, in Libo County, is the closest point in Guizhou to the coast, approximately 390 km from Fangchenggang (Guangxi). Qiannan borders Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiandongnan Miao And Dong Autonomous Prefecture
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture ( zh, s=黔东南苗族侗族自治州 , p=Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Hmu language: ; Kam language: ), also known as Southeast Qian Autonomous Prefecture of Miao and Dong and shortened as S.E. Qian Prefecture (), is an autonomous prefecture in the southeast of Guizhou province in the People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan to the east and Guangxi to the south. The seat of the prefecture is Kaili. Qiandongnan has an area of . The whole state governs 1 city of Kaili and 15 counties. There are 7 streets, 94 towns, and 110 townships (including 17 ethnic townships). There are 33 ethnic groups living in the territory, including Miao, Dong, Han, Buyi, Shui, Yao, Zhuang, and Tujia. According to the seventh census data in China, as of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the resident population of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was 3,758,622. Demographics As of 2018, Qiandongnan had a huji population of 4,81 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Norquest
Peter K. Norquest (born August 31, 1971) is an American linguist who specializes in Kra–Dai historical linguistics. Education Norquest attended the University of Arizona's Joint PhD program in Anthropology and Linguistics, where he studied under Jane H. Hill and Diana B. Archangeli. As part of his doctoral research, he participated in a Fulbright fellowship in Hainan, China from 2003 to 2004, where he collected field data on various Hlai languages such as Nadou. In 2007, he completed his doctoral dissertation on the reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Career After obtaining his Ph.D. in 2007, Norquest was employed as a postdoctoral researcher under J. Stephen Lansing at the University of Arizona, where he worked on quantitative comparative-historical linguistic reconstruction methods and on the Austronesian languages of Nusa Tenggara. From 2015 to 2016, Norquest was the principal investigator of ''Reconstructing Language Change and Variation'', a National Science Foundation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Then Language
The Then language (also known as Yánghuáng 佯僙语 in Chinese; alternate spellings: Tʻen and Ten) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Pingtang and Huishui counties, southern Guizhou. It is spoken by the Yanghuang 佯僙 people, many of whom are officially classified as Maonan by the Chinese government. Names The Yanghuang people called themselves ', except for the Yanghuang of Huishui County, Xiayou District , and Xiguan Shangmo , who called themselves ' (Bo 1997). According to the ''Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer'' (2002:846),Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer ��州省志. 民族志(2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House ��州民族出版社 their autonyms include ' () and ' (). "Yanghuang" was mentioned in a Ming Dynasty record, the ''Dushi Fangyu Jiyao'' (). According to it, "the Man people of Sizhou are Yanghuang, Gelao, Muyao (Mulao), and Miaozhi (Miaozi). () Phonology Yanghuang of Kapu Township (卡蒲乡) has 71 consonants total, including those wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kam Language (China)
The Kam or Gam language (), also known as Dong (), is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages. Demographics Southern Dong Almost 1.5 million speakers of Southern Dong were counted in the 1990 language census, from a total of 2.5 million people in the Dong ethnic group. The Southern Dong live primarily in Rongjiang, Jinping, Liping, Zhenyuan, and Congjiang counties in Guizhou Province; Longsheng, Sanjiang, and Rongshui counties in northeastern Guangxi; and Tongdao County in Hunan Province. Two Dong villages are also located in northern Vietnam, although only one individual in Vietnam is still able to speak Dong. Dialects The Kam language can be divided into two major subdivisions: Southern Kam and Northern Kam.Yang Tongyin and Jerold A. Edmondson (2008). "Kam." In Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kam Language
The Kam or Gam language (), also known as Dong (), is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages. Demographics Southern Dong Almost 1.5 million speakers of Southern Dong were counted in the 1990 language census, from a total of 2.5 million people in the Dong ethnic group. The Southern Dong live primarily in Rongjiang, Jinping, Liping, Zhenyuan, and Congjiang counties in Guizhou Province; Longsheng, Sanjiang, and Rongshui counties in northeastern Guangxi; and Tongdao County in Hunan Province. Two Dong villages are also located in northern Vietnam, although only one individual in Vietnam is still able to speak Dong. Dialects The Kam language can be divided into two major subdivisions: Southern Kam and Northern Kam.Yang Tongyin and Jerold A. Edmondson (2008). "Kam." In Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naxi Yao Language
Nuoxi Yao (), or Nuoxihua 𦰡溪话, is a Kam–Sui language of Nuoxi Township, Dongkou County, Hunan Province, China. Even though they are classified as ethnic Yao people by the Chinese government, the Nuoxi Yao speak a Kam–Sui language closely related to Dong. Shi (2015:132) considers Nuoxi Yao to have split off from Dong about 600 years. Names The Nuoxi Yao call themselves the '1See Proto-Tai language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes. (Shi 2015:107) or '2 '1 (Shi 2015:125), and refer to their own language as '1 (Shi 2015:107). The town of Nuoxi (the first syllable is pronounced ''nuó'' in Mandarin (Shi 2015:107)) is pronounced in the local Hunanese dialect as '2 '1. Demographics Shi (2015:107) estimates a total of 2,500 speakers and 5,000 ethnic Yao in Nuoxi Township. According to the ''Shaoyang Prefecture Gazetteer'' (1997), language varieties closely related to Southern Kam are spoken in Nuoxi, Dongkou County (which had 4,280 ethnic Yao in 1982 (Chen 2013 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Miao Language
Cao Miao (; autonym: ') is a variety of Dong ( Kam) according to Shi Lin (2012).Shi Lin ��林(2012). The Cao Miao language of three provinces and its relationship to Dong' ��省坡草苗的语言及其与侗语的关系 In ''Minzu Yuwen'' ��族语文2012, no. 4. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy ��国社会科学院 Dialects include Liushi ("Sixty") Miao 六十苗, Sishi ("Forty") Miao 四十苗, and Ershi ("Twenty") Miao 二十苗 (also known as Flowery Miao 花苗). The Flowery Miao 花苗 do not consider themselves to be Cao Miao 草苗, although their language is similar to Sixty Miao and Forty Miao (Shi 2012). Subdivisions There are various ethnic subgroups within Cao Miao (Shi 2015:7). *Inner Miao 内部苗 (or 内岗苗 / 内堺苗) ('): 2 subgroups **Sixty (60) Miao 六十苗 ('Shi (2015:42)) **Forty (40) Miao 四十苗 ('), also called Diao 刁族 (') *Middle Miao 中部苗 (or 中岗苗 / 中堺苗) ('), also called Twenty (20) Miao 二十苗 (') or Flowery Mia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graham Thurgood
Graham Thurgood () is a retired professor of linguistics at California State University, Chico. Thurgood graduated with a Ph.D. in linguistics from University of California, Berkeley, where he studied under James Matisoff. Thurgood's areas of specialization include tonogenesis, historical linguistics, language contact, and second language acquisition. Thurgood has reconstructed Chamic ( Austronesian), the Hlai languages ( Kra-Dai and Kam-Sui), and parts of Tibeto-Burman The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak ... (Sino-Tibetan). Thurgood's tone work includes the reconstruction of tone in Chamic, internal reconstruction of tone in Jiamao, and a substantial article on tonogenesis in general. Publications * * Graham Thurgood. (1999). From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
