|
Kamalakara
Kamalakara (1616 – 1700) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician, came from a learned family of scholars from Golagrama, a village situated in Maharashtra State near Partha-puri (Pathari) on the northern bank of the river Godāvarī. His father, Nrsimha, was born in 1586. Two of Kamalakara's three brothers were also astronomers and mathematicians. Divakara, who was the eldest of the brothers born in 1606, and Ranganatha who was youngest. Kamalākara learnt astronomy from his elder brother Divākara, who compiled five works on astronomy. His family later moved to Vārāṇasī. Major works Kamalākara's major work, "Siddhāntatattvaviveka", was compiled in Varanasi at about 1658 and has been published by Sudhakar Dwivedi in the Vārāṇasī series. This work consists of 13 chapters in 3,024 verses. It deals with the topics of: units of time measurement; mean motions of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; diameters and dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golagrama
Golagrama was a village or region in India associated with several medieval Indian astronomers, astrologers and mathematicians. Presently there is no place bearing the name Golagrama anywhere in India. It is known that Golagrama was situated in Maharashtra State on the northern banks of river Godavari, was near Partha-puri (Pathari) in Maharashtra and was about 320 km away from Amravati town in Maharashtra. It is sometimes identified as a place named ''Golgam'' at latitude 18° N longitude 78° E. The name ''Golagrama'' considered as a word in Sanskrit could literally be translated as ''sphere-village''. Golagrama school of astronomy Several medieval Indian astronomers and mathematicians are known to have flourished in Golagrama. They were all members of one large extended family. The astronomical and mathematical knowledge of the members of this family was passed from generation to generation through teacher-pupil relationships. In nearly all the cases, the teacher would be a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1700 Deaths
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 19), where the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 17), 1800. In Sweden, the year started in the Julian calendar and remained so until February 28. Then, by skipping the leap day, the Swedish calendar was introduced, letting Wednesday, February 28, be followed by Thursday, March 1, giving the entire year the same pattern as a common year starting on Monday, similar to the calendars of 2001, 2007, and 2018. This calendar, being ten days behind the Gregorian and one day ahead of the Julian, lasts until 1712. Events January–March * January 1 – Protestant nations in Western Europe, except England, start using the Gregorian calendar. Catholic nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. * January 1 (Julian) (January 11, Gregorian) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1616 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – King James VI and I, James I of England attends the masque ''The Golden Age Restored'', a satire by Ben Jonson on fallen court favorite the Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, Earl of Somerset. The king asks for a repeat performance on January 6. * January 3 – In the court of James I of England, the king's favorite George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers becomes Master of the Horse (encouraging development of the thoroughbred horse); on April 24 he receives the Order of the Garter; and on August 27 he is created Viscount Villiers and Baron Waddon, receiving a grant of land valued at £80,000. In 1617, he will be made Earl of Buckingham. After the William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Pembroke, he is the second richest nobleman in Kingdom of England, England. * January 10 – English diplomat Sir Thomas Roe presents his credentials to the Mughal Empire, Mughal Emperor Jahangir, in Ajmer Fort, opening the do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munishvara
Munishvara or Munīśvara Viśvarūpa (born 1603) was an Indian mathematician who wrote several commentaries including one on astronomy, the ''Siddhanta Sarvabhauma'' (1646), which included descriptions of astronomical instruments such as the ''pratoda yantra''. Another commentary he wrote was the ''Lilavativivruti''. Very little is known about him other than that he came from a family of astronomers including his father Ranganatha who wrote a commentary called the ''Gụ̄hārthaprakaśa/Gūḍhārthaprakāśikā,'' a commentary on the ''Suryasiddhanta''. His grandfather Ballala had his origins in Dadhigrama in Vidharba Vidarbha (Pronunciation: �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the west Indian state of Maharashtra. Forming the eastern part of the state, it comprises Amravati and Nagpur divisions. As per the 2011 Census, the region had a population ... and had moved to Varanasi, Benares. Ballala had several sons who wrote commentaries on astronomy and mathemati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers typically fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotelian Physics
Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). In his work ''Physics'', Aristotle intended to establish general principles of change that govern all natural bodies, both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrialincluding all motion (change with respect to place), quantitative change (change with respect to size or number), qualitative change, and substantial change (" coming to be" existence.html" ;"title="oming into existence">oming into existence, 'generation'or "passing away" [no longer existing, 'corruption']). To Aristotle, 'physics' was a broad field including subjects which would now be called the philosophy of mind, sensory experience, memory, anatomy and biology. It constitutes the foundation of the thought underlying many of his works. Key concepts of Aristotelian physics include the structuring of the cosmos into concentric spheres, with the Earth at the centre and celestial spher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-European Roots Of Mathematics
The Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM) was a Trotskyist organisation formed in South Africa in 1943. It had links to the Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA), the first countrywide Trotskyist organisation, and was initially conceived as a broad protest front. It proposed a 10 Point Programme of radical reforms. It stressed non-racialism, meaning that it rejected race-based organising (and the concept of race itself), unlike the main nationalist groups of the time, was highly critical of the South African Communist Party and the African National Congress, and made a principle of non-collaboration with the apartheid regime and its allies The movement developed a substantial influence in the Cape Province, including Pondoland, and had some role in the 1950-1961 Pondoland peasant revolt, but split in 1957. The faction around Isaac Bangani Tabata formed a new African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA) in 1961, and the Unity Movement of South Africa (UMSA) in exile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jambusagaranagara
Jambusāgaranagara (also written as Jambūsāronagara{{cite book, last=Pingree, first=David, title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit, Volume 1, url=https://archive.org/details/censusofexactsci01ping, year=1970, publisher=American Philosophical Society, isbn=978-0-87169-081-4 (see p.81 – 84)) is a place or region in India where a school of astronomers and mathematicians flourished during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries CE. The location of this place has not been definitely identified. Gangadhara, son of Govardhana and grandson of Divakara and younger brother of Vishnu and Laksmidhara, was a prominent mathematician of the Jambusagaranagara school who wrote Ganitamrtasagari a commentary on Lilavati of Bhaskara II and who flourished around 1420 CE. Govardhana and Divakara were themselves able mathematicians. Schools of mathematics Historians of mathematics have identified several schools of mathematics that flourished in different parts of India during the fourtee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dadhigrama
Dadhigrama was a village on the banks of the Payosni river in Vidarbha where a school of mathematics and astronomy flourished during the 14th to 19th centuries CE. Some of the well-known members of the school were Cintāmani, a Brahmana of the Devaratragotra, in the middle of the 15th century, Rama (who was patronized by a king of Vidarbha), Trimalla, Vallala, Munisvara, a grandson of Vallala, his son Rama, who wrote a commentary on the Sudhārasasāranī of Ananta (fl. 1525), and Ḳrshnạ (fl. 1600–1625). Ranganatha (fl. 1603), another astronomer of the school, wrote Gūḍhārthaprakāśikā, a commentary on the Suryasidhanta. (see p. 388) Known members of the Dadhigrama school of mathematics The known members of this school include the following: *Rama (Sons: Trimalla, Gopiraja) *Trimalla (Son: Vallala) *Vallal (Sons: Rama, Krishna, Govinda, Ranganatha, Mahadeva) *Govinda (Son: Narayana) *Ranganatha (Son: Munisvara) Schools of mathematics Historians of mathemati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radha Charan Gupta
Radha Charan Gupta (14 August 1935 – 5 September 2024) was an Indian historian of mathematics, specialising in the history of Indian mathematics. Life and career Gupta was born on 14 August 1935 in Jhansi, in what is now Uttar Pradesh. He attended secondary school in Jhansi, but there were few opportunities locally to pursue higher education, so he continued his education at the University of Lucknow with a merit scholarship. He married Savitri Devi in 1953, urged by his family to marry young so the dowry received could help pay his sister's dowry. He completed his bachelor's degree in 1955 and his master's degree in 1957. To support his family, Gupta took a teaching job instead of immediately continuing doctoral studies. He was a lecturer at Lucknow Christian College from 1957 to 1958. In 1958 he joined Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) in Ranchi. In 1963 he read Datta and Singh's '' History of Hindu Mathematics'', became interested in the history of mathematics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right Ascension
Right ascension (abbreviated RA; symbol ) is the angular distance of a particular point measured eastward along the celestial equator from the Sun at the equinox (celestial coordinates), March equinox to the (hour circle of the) point in question above the Earth. When paired with declination, these celestial coordinate system, astronomical coordinates specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system. An old term, ''right ascension'' (), "''Ascensio recta'' Solis, stellæ, aut alterius cujusdam signi, est gradus æquatorus cum quo simul exoritur in sphæra recta"; roughly translated, "''Right ascension'' of the Sun, stars, or any other sign, is the degree of the equator that rises together in a right sphere" refers to the ''ascension'', or the point on the celestial equator that rises with any celestial object as seen from Earth's equator, where the celestial equator perpendicular, intersects the horizon at a right angle. It contrasts wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth Radius
Earth radius (denoted as ''R''🜨 or ''R''E) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid (an oblate ellipsoid), the radius ranges from a maximum (equatorial radius, denoted ''a'') of about to a minimum (polar radius, denoted ''b'') of nearly . A globally-average value is usually considered to be with a 0.3% variability (±10 km) for the following reasons. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the ''mean radius'' (''R'') of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the ''authalic radius'', which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (''R''); and the ''volumetric radius'', which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (''R''). All three values are about . Other ways to define and measure the Earth's radius involve either the spheroid's radius of curvature or the actual topography. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
