|
Kamal Al-Haydari
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Kamal al-Haydari (; born 1956) is a Philosopher and Shiite, Shia marja' from Iraq, who resides in Qom, Iran. Al-Haydari's intellectual output can be loosely grouped with a critical school within Islamic studies sometimes known as ''madrasat naqd al-turath'' (school of criticising [religious] heritage). This school is generally known for being critical of "accepted" or purportedly "orthodox" truths, and calls for a renewed examination of previously thought of "unassailable" texts or opinions. He has argued that Twelver Shi'i thought has by large evolved from a rational/theologically centered school of thought into a jurisprudentially centered school. Family Al-Haydari was born into a renowned Karbalaei family, that goes back to their patriarch Mir Haidar al-Husayni, a descendant of the fourth Shi'ite Imam, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Ali Zayn al-Abideen. His great grandfather, Sayyid Abdullah al-Haydari (d. 1899) was a grand scholar, and is buried in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Ayatollah
Marja (; plural ''marājiʿ''; ) is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Sharia, Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank. The highest ranking ''marjiʿ'' is known as the ''marja al-mutlaq'' or ''marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq''. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah. Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja˓ emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (died 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (died 940 or 941) both being called the first marja'. As of 2023, there are approximately List of current maraji, over 50 living maraji, almost all residing in Iran or Iraq. Title Currently, maraji' are accorded the title ''grand ayatollah'' ( ''ʾĀyatullāh al-ʿUẓmā''). Previously, the titles of Allamah (such as Allameh Tabatabaei, Allameh Majlesi, Allameh Hilli) and Imam (such as Imam Khomei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Qasim Al-Khoei
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Musawi Khoei ( ; (; ; November 19, 1899 – August 8, 1992) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Khoei is considered one of the most influential twelver scholars. After the death of Muhsin al-Hakim in 1970, he became the spiritual leader of much of the Shia world until his death in 1992. He was succeeded briefly by Abd al-A'la Sabziwari, until his death in 1993. Then his former student, Ali Sistani, took leadership of the seminary, whereby many of his followers became followers of Sistani. Biography Khoei was born to a sayyid family in the northern Iranian city of Khoy in 1899. Khoei grew up in Qajar Iran. Around the age of 13, he moved to Iraq along with his older brother Abdullah and took up residence in the holy city of Najaf where he began studying Shia theology with the scholars of that city. He eventually attained the rank of Ayatollah and was made a marja. Khoei continued to live in Najaf, becoming a teacher for the remainder of his life, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israʼiliyyat
''Israiliyyat'' (in "Israelisms") is a sub-genre of '' tafsīr'' and '' Ḥadīth '' which supplements Quranic narratives. ''Isra'iliyyat'' may derive from Jewish, Christian or Zoroastrian sources. In the early years, ''Isra'iliyyat'' were widely accepted.Karen Bauer Gender ''Hierarchy in the Qur'an: Medieval Interpretations, Modern Responses'' Cambridge University Press 2015 p. 115. Only by the time of Ibn Taimiyya and Ibn Kathir, the term ''Isra'iliyyat'' began to denote content considered dubious or as un-Islamic. In modern times, Turkish Quran commentators still allow for usage of ''Isra'iliyyat'', while they are rejected by half of the Arab Quran commentators. The '' Qaṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ'' usually contain the same materials, but avoided criticism of foreign import. Whether ''Qaṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ'' is a subdivision of ''Israiliyyat'' or the other way around, remains a scholarly debate. ''Israiliyyat'' frequently appear in Qur'anic commentaries, Sufi narratives and I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Shia Books
A list of religious books of Shia Islam: Books attributed to Shia Imams :#Mus'haf of Ali, a Tafseer of the Quran by Imam Ali :# Al-Jafr (book), Al-Jafr by Imam Ali :# Nahj al-Balaghah, a collection of sermons, letters and quotes attributed to Ali :# Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim compilation of over ten thousand short sayings of Imam Ali :# Al-Sahifa al-Alawiya (Book of ''Supplications (Du'a)'') by Imam Ali, translated by William Chittick. :# ''Divan-i Ali ibn Abu Talib'' (poems which are attributed to Ali ibn Abu Talib). :# Kitab Ali, Book of Ali by Ali :# Book of Fatimah by Fatimah :# Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya by Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Zayn al-Abidin :# Risalatul Huquq by Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Zayn al-Abidin :# The Fifteen Whispered Prayers by Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Zayn al-Abidin :# Dua Abu Hamza al-Thumali by Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Zayn al-Abidin :# Muhammad al-Baqir#Ma'athiru'l-Baqir, Ma'athiru'l-Baqir by Imam Muhammad al-Baqir :# Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allamah Al-Hilli
Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan bin Yūsuf bin ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī (; December 1250 – December 1325), known by the honorific title al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī (, ''"The Sage of Hillah"'') was an Iraqi Arab scholar and one of the most influential Twelver Shi'i Muslim authors of all time. He was an expert in Twelver theology, a pioneering mujtahid, as well as the first scholar to be referred to with the title " Ayatullah". Al-Hurr al-Amili enumerated no less than 67 works by him. He is considered the first scholar to successfully disseminate Shia Islam widely in Persia. Names and titles Al-Ḥilli's name is as follows: His kunya was Abu Manṣūr and his first title was ʿAllāma "sage," his second, Jamāl al-Dīn, and third, Jamāl al-Milla wa l-Ḥaqq wa l-Dīn. His given name was al-Ḥasan and his father's given name was Yūsuf. Life Al-Hilli also known as "the sage of Hilla", was born in Hillah, Iraq, commonly viewed as the centre of Shia Islam when Sunni leaders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man al-'Ukbari al-Baghdadi, known as al-Shaykh al-Mufid () and Ibn al-Mu'allim (c.9481022 CE), was a prominent Iraqi Twelver Shia theologian. His father was a teacher (''mu'allim''), hence the name Ibn al-Mu'allim. The title "al-Mufid" was given to him either by Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Shia Imam, or by al-Rummani, a Mu'tazilite scholar, after a conversation with him. The leader of the Shia community, he was a mutakallim, theologian, and Shia jurist. He was taught by Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Ibn Qulawayh, Abu Abdallah al-Basri and al-Rummani, and Sharif al-Murtaza and Shaykh Tusi were among his students. Only 10 of his 200 works have survived, among which are ''Amali'', ''Al-Irshad'', ''Al-Muqni'ah'', and ''Tashih al-Itiqadat''. Early life and education Al-Mufid was born in 'Ukbara, a small town to the north of Baghdad, on 11th Dhul Qa'dah in 336 Hijra. According to Shaykh Tusi, however, he was born in 338 AH, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Babawayh
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi ( Persian: ; –991), commonly referred to as Ibn Babawayh (Persian: ) or al-Shaykh al-Saduq (Persian: ), was a Persian Shia Islamic scholar whose work, entitled '' Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih'' (), forms part of The Four Books of the Shia Hadith collection. Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), ''Historical Dictionary of Islam'', p.135. Scarecrow Press. . Life The patronymic, ''Ibn Babawayh'' indicates a Persian origin, as ''Babawayh'' is an Arabic form of the Persian name ''Babuyah''.Fyzee A. "A Shi'ite Creed." Calcutta, 1942 p8 footnote 2. For some length of time, unknown, the family had been devout adherents of Shia Islam. Ibn Babawayh's father, Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi (d. 939 CE) was a leading figure among the Islamic scholars of Qom.''Man la yahduruhu al-faqih.'' al-Musawi al-Khurasan H. Teheran, 1390. pages h-w. Birth The exact date of Ibn Babawayh's birth is not known. Shia scholars consider his birth to be after the yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli
Hasan Hasanzade Amoli (: 10 February, 1927 – 25 September, 2021) was an Iranian Schools of Islamic theology#Shia schools of theology, Shi'ite theologian known for his Mysticism, mystical tendencies and Islamic philosophy. He was among clerics who overcame the traditional opposition to teaching philosophy courses at Hawza, Shi'ite seminaries. He wrote many books in philosophy, mysticism, mathematics, astronomy, Persian and Arabic literature. He interpreted the Islamic philosophical tradition in a similar way to Mulla Sadra, which is a reconciliation of religion, reason and mysticism. His books include ''Sharh fusus al-hikam'', ''Tashih nahj al-balagha'', ''Insan dar 'urf-i 'irfan'', ''Tashih kalila wa dimna''. He died on Saturday, 25 September 2021, at the age of 94. Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, Ayatollah Khamenei offered prayers on his body. Hassanzadeh Amoli was elected as one of the "Immortal figures of Iran" in 2003. Hassanzadeh-Amoli was father-in-law of Iranian cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdollah Javadi-Amoli
Abdollah Javadi Amoli (; born 5 May 1933) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja. He is a conservative and political moderate politician, philosopher and one of the prominent Islamic scholars of the Iran. The official website for his scientific foundation, Isra, states that his ideas and views have been guidance to the Islamic Republic of Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and that "his strategic and enlightening guidance" has been "extremely constructive" during the past three decades. He is known as one of the biggest critics of the banking system in Iran. Early life He was born in 1933 in Amol, northern Iran to a clerical family. After finishing elementary school he joined Amol seminary in 1946 to seek religious studies. His father, Mirza Abul Hassan Vaez Javadi Amoli, was one of the scholars of Amol city. Scholarly career For five years, he studied the preliminary seminary courses as well as part of the intermediate courses under the supervision of his father Mirza Abul Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Wahid Khorasani
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Hossein Wahid Khorasani (; born Mohammad-Hossein Molla-Saleh (Persian: ); 1 January 1921) is an Iranian author and Shia Islam, Shia marja'. He is the current head of the Qom Seminary. Khorasani is considered to be the most learned Shia religious authority alive by a number of scholars. Early life and education Khorasani was born in Nishapur, a city 130 km west of Mashhad, to Sheikh Esmail Khorasani, a revered Ulama, alim and orator. He began his religious education at an early age in Mashhad, completing his ''muqadamat'' and Arabic under Sheikh Shams and al-Muhaqiq al-Mughani in the Ba'in Ya school. He then moved to the Mirza Jafar school and completed his intermediate level studies under Sheikh Husayn Birsi, Mirza Ahmed Kifaei, Abu al-Qasim al-Hakim al-Ilahi and Sheikh Husayn-Ali al-Isfahani. He also attended the classes of Mirza Mehdi al-Isfahani, Sheikh Mahdi al-Ishtiyani and Sheikh Muhammad Nahawndi. He received an Ijazah, ijaza from his te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawad Tabrizi
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mirza Jawad Kubar Tabrizi (; 1926 – November 20, 2006) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Tabrizi was another prominent student of the late grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, and one of the leading religious authorities that came to light after the death of al-Khoei. Early life and education Tabrizi was born in Tabriz, to Ali Kubar, a merchant, and Fatima Sultan. He claimed descent from Muhammad through his mother. Education He began his academic education in school, and completed his matriculation in Tabriz. However, he did ended up changing his mind, and going to the Islamic seminary. His family were not encouraging, since at that time, the government of Pahlavi dynasty was continuously pressuring the clerical class of the country. However, his family eventually accepted his fact, and Tabrizi began his Islamic education. He travelled to Qom in 1948, and studied under the thriving seminary under the spiritual guidance of grand Ayatollah Hossein B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus
Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Known colloquially in Syria as () and dubbed, poetically, the "City of Jasmine" ( ), Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. Situated in southwestern Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area. Nestled among the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau above sea level, Damascus experiences an arid climate because of the rain shadow effect. The Barada, Barada River flows through Damascus. Damascus is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. First settled in the 3rd millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
