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Kakamega Greenbul
Kakamega greenbul (''Arizelocichla kakamegae''), is a species of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is native to the Lake Victoria region. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Taxonomy and systematics The Kakamega greenbul was originally described in the genus ''Xenocichla'' (a synonym for ''Bleda''), then classified in ''Andropadus'' and, in 2010 re-classified to the new genus ''Arizelocichla''. Also, some authorities consider the Kakamega greenbul to be a subspecies of Shelley's greenbul. Subspecies Two subspecies are recognized: * ''A. k. kakamegae'' - ( Sharpe, 1900): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Anthus'' and later in ''Pycnonotus ''Pycnonotus'' is a genus of frugivorous passerine birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Pycnonotus'' was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1826 with the Cape bulbul as the ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Bowdler Sharpe
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (22 November 1847 – 25 December 1909) was an English people, English zoologist and ornithology, ornithologist who worked as curator of the bird collection at the British Museum of natural history. In the course of his career he published several monographs on bird groups and produced a multi-volume catalogue of the specimens in the collection of the museum. He described many new species of bird and also has had species named in his honour by other ornithologists including Sharpe's longclaw (''Macronyx sharpei'') and Sharpe's starling (''Pholia sharpii''). Biography Richard was born in London, the first son of Thomas Bowdler Sharpe. His grandfather, Reverend Lancelot Sharpe was Rector of All Hallows Staining. His father was a publisher on Skinner Street and was best known for being the publisher of ''Sharpe's London Magazine'', an illustrated periodical (weekly but monthly from 1847). His care from the age of six was under an aunt, Magdalen Wallace, widow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andropadus
The sombre greenbul (''Andropadus importunus'') is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is a resident breeder in coastal bush, evergreen forest and dry shrub land in eastern and southern Africa. It is the only member of the genus ''Andropadus''. Taxonomy and systematics Eighteen species of greenbuls originally described in the genus ''Andropadus'' were re-classified to the genera '' Arizelocichla'', '' Stelgidillas'' and '' Eurillas'' in 2010. This has left ''Andropadus'' as a monotypic genus with the sombre greenbul remaining as its sole extant species. The sombre greenbul was originally described in the genus '' Turdus'' and was later re-classified to the genus ''Andropadus''. Alternatively, some authorities classify the sombre greenbul in the genus '' Pycnonotus''. Alternate names for the sombre greenbul include the sombre bulbul, southern sombre bulbul and southern sombre greenbul. Subspecies Four subspecies of the sombre greenbul are recognized: * Zanzibar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reginald Ernest Moreau
Reginald "Reg" Ernest Moreau (29 May 1897 – 30 May 1970) was an English civil servant who worked as an accountant in Tanganyika (now Tanzania) and later contributed to ornithology. He also made studies on the migration of birds between Europe and Africa; and on clutch size in nesting birds, compared the life-histories of birds in different latitudes and was a pioneer in the introduction of quantitative approaches to the study of birds. He was also a long time editor of the ornithological journal ''Ibis''. He published two major books, ''The Palaearctic-African Bird Migration Systems'' (1972) and ''The Bird Faunas of Africa and its Islands'' (1966). Early life Moreau was born on 29 May 1897 near Norbiton Gate at Kingston upon Thames. His father worked in the stock exchange while his mother's family ran a baker's business in Kingston. The family name was derived from an ancestral French immigrant who had moved to Bayswater as a bookseller. In his autobiographical note published in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnonotus
''Pycnonotus'' is a genus of frugivorous passerine birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Pycnonotus'' was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1826 with the Cape bulbul as the type species. The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek words ''puknos'' "thick" or "compact" and ''-nōtos'' "-backed". The genus contains the following 31 species: Former species In previous circumscriptions the genus ''Pycnonotus'' was considerably larger. Recent taxonomic revisions have seen many species transferred to other genera. In 2010, eighteen former ''Pycnonotus'' species were reclassified into different genera, either directly from ''Pycnonotus'' or from the genus ''Andropadus'', to which they had already been transferred by some authorities. These changes were as follows: * one species was transferred to genus Stelgidillas. ** Slender-billed greenbul ( former ''Pycnonotus gracilirostri'' or ''Pycnonotus gracilirostris'') * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthus
The pipits are a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan genus, ''Anthus'', of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Along with the wagtails and longclaws, the pipits make up the family (biology), family Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforest and the mainland of Antarctica. They are slender, often drab, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Like their relatives in the family, the pipits are monogamy in animals, monogamous and territory (animal), territorial. Pipits are ground nesters, laying up to six speckled eggs. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Anthus'' was introduced in 1805 by German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein. The type species was later designated as the meadow pipit. The genus, generic name ''Anthus'' is the Latin word for a small bird of grasslands mentioned by Pliny the Elder. Molecular studies of the pipits suggested that the genus arose in East Asia around sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subspecies
In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated as subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are"). In zoology, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. In botany and mycology, under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific name, infraspecific ranks, such as variety (botany), variety, may be named. In bacteriology and virology, under standard International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, bacterial nomenclature and virus clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shelley's Greenbul
Shelley's greenbul (''Arizelocichla masukuensis'') or Shelley's bulbul, is a species of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in east-central Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Taxonomy and systematics Shelley's greenbul was originally described in the genus ''Andropadus'' and re-classified in the new genus ''Arizelocichla'' in 2010. Alternatively, some authorities classify Shelley's greenbul in the genus ''Pycnonotus''. Also, some authorities consider the Kakamega greenbul to be a subspecies of Shelley's greenbul. The common name, 'Shelley's greenbul', is also used as an alternate name for the placid greenbul. Subspecies Two subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morpholog .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arizelocichla
''Arizelocichla'' is a genus of greenbuls, songbirds in the bulbul family (biology), family (Pycnonotidae). The genus was revived in 2010 when twelve species of bulbuls from the genus ''Andropadus'' were separated and re-classified in the genus ''Arizelocichla''. Taxonomy A molecular phylogenetic study of the bulbuls published in 2007 found that the genus ''Andropadus'' was polyphyletic. As part of a reorganization to create monophyletic genera, 12 species from ''Andropadus'' were moved to the resurrected genus ''Arizelocichla'' that had been introduced in 1905 by the American ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser with the black-headed mountain greenbul as the type species. The name ''Arizelocichla'' combines the Ancient Greek ''arizēlos'' meaning "conspicuous" or "admirable" with ''kikhlē'' meaning "thrush". Species The genus contains the following 11 species: References *Moyle, R. G., and B. D. Marks. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of the bulbuls (Aves: Pycnonotidae) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenocichla
The bristlebills are a genus ''Bleda'' of passerine birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae. They are found in the forest understorey of western and central Africa. They forage for insects at or near ground-level, often near water. They will follow Dorylus, driver ant swarms to catch prey items fleeing from the ants and they frequently join mixed-species feeding flocks. They are 18–23 cm long with fairly long, stout beak, bills. The upperparts are mainly green-brown while the underparts are yellow. The birds have whistling bird song, songs. The nest is made of leaves or sticks and built in a shrub or small tree. Two eggs are laid. Taxonomy The genus ''Bleda'' was introduced in 1857 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte with the red-tailed bristlebill as the type species. The genus was named after Bleda, elder brother of Attila and joint ruler of the Huns. Species The genus contains five species: Former species Formerly, some authorities also considered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulbul
The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical Asia to Indonesia, and north as far as Japan. A few insular species occur on the tropical islands of the Indian Ocean. There are 166 species in 32 genera. While different species are found in a wide range of habitats, the African species are predominantly found in rainforest, whereas Asian bulbuls are predominantly found in more open areas. Taxonomy The family Pycnonotidae was introduced by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840 as a subfamily Pycnonotinae of the thrush family Turdidae. The Persian word ''bulbul'' (بلبل) is sometimes used to refer to the " nightingale" as well as the bulbul, but the English word ''bulbul'' refers to the birds discussed in this article. A few species that were previously considered to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montane Forest
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial factor in shaping plant community, biodiversity, metabolic processes and ecosystem dynamics for montane ecosystems. Dense montane forests are common at moderate elevations, due to moderate temperatures and high rainfall. At higher elevations, the climate is harsher, with lower temperatures and higher winds, preventing the growth of trees and causing the plant community to transition to montane grasslands and shrublands or alpine tundra. Due to the unique climate conditions of montane ecosystems, they contain increased numbers of endemic species. Montane ecosystems also exhibit variation in ecosystem services, which include carbon storage and water supply. Life zones As elevation increases, the alpine climate, climate becomes co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest
A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense ecological community, community of trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines a forest as, "Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a Canopy (biology), canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds ''in situ''. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban use." Using this definition, ''Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA), Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020'' found that forests covered , or approximately 31 percent of the world's land area in 2020. Forests are the largest Terrestrial ecosystem, terrestrial ecosystems of Earth by area, and are found around the globe. 45 percent of forest land is in the Tropical forest, trop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
