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KNLA
The Karen National Liberation Army (; abbreviated KNLA) is the military branch of the Karen National Union (KNU), which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karen people of Myanmar (formerly Burma). The KNLA has been fighting the Burmese government since 1960s as part of the Karen conflict, which has been ongoing since 1949. The KNLA was reported to have had a strength of approximately 10,000 in 1970, 20,000 in 1980, 3,000 in 2001, 5,000 in 2006, 6,000 in 2012, and 7,000 in 2014. As of early 2021, the KNLA is estimated to have around 15,000 troops. The army is divided into seven brigades and a 'Special Force' reserved for special operations. History Background At the time of Burmese independence from the British in 1948, there was considerable tension between the Karen community and the Burmese majority. Some Karens sought independence while others attempted co-existence within Burma. The KNLA was preceded by the Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO), an armed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Conflict In Myanmar
Myanmar has been embroiled in armed conflict since 1948, when the country, then known as Burma, Burmese Declaration of Independence, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The conflict has largely been Ethnic conflict, ethnic-based, with List of ethnic armed organisations, ethnic armed organisations fighting Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw, for self-determination. Despite Ceasefires in Myanmar, numerous ceasefires and the creation of autonomous self-administered zones in 2008, armed groups continue to call for independence, Autonomous administrative division, increased autonomy, or the Federalism in Myanmar, federalisation of Myanmar. It is the world's longest ongoing civil war, spanning almost eight decades. In 1940, during World War II, Burmese intellectuals formed the Thirty Comrades, who established the Burma Independence Army (BIA) to fight against Allies of World War II, the Allies. Aung San led the Axis powers, Axis-puppet State of Burma, before switching all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karen National Defence Organisation
The Karen National Defence Organisation (; ; KNDO) is the older of two main military branches of the Karen National Union (KNU), the other being the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA). The KNDO fought against the government of Myanmar from 1947 until 1949 as the armed wing of the KNU. It was succeeded by the KNLA when KNDO militias were combined with KNLA forces in 1970. The KNDO's goals include self-determination, freedom for the Karen people, the recognition of Kawthoolei, Karen State and human rights. History Early Karen conflict During the leadup to Independence Day (Myanmar), Burma's independence from Britain, Karen groups were unwillingly to be in a Bamar-dominated country but faced internal divides over the territory of a Karen state and the extent to which they should respect Bamar demands. With this context, the KNU headquarters ordered the establishment of Karen defence militias, known as Karen National Defence Organisations, on 17 July 1947. In October 1947, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of Manerplaw
The Fall of Manerplaw occurred on 27 January 1995, when the village of Manerplaw was captured by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) and the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA). Manerplaw was the headquarters of two armed opposition groups, the Karen National Union (KNU) and the All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF). The final military assault by the Tatmadaw, aided by positional information provided by the DKBA, was met with little resistance by the KNLA, whose leaders had ordered a tactical retreat. Background The Karen people of Kayin State (also known as Karen State) in eastern Myanmar (also known as Burma) are the third largest ethnic group in Myanmar, consisting of 7% of the country's total population, and have fought for independence and self-determination since 1949. The initial aim of the KNU was to obtain independence for the Karen people. However, in 1976 they instead began to call for a federal union in Myanmar with fair Karen representation, and the sel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karen National Union
The Karen National Union (; abbreviated KNU) is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), that claims to represent the Karen people of Myanmar. It operates in mountainous eastern Myanmar and has underground networks in other areas of Myanmar where Karen people live as a minority group. Some of the Karen, led primarily by the Karen National Union (KNU), have waged a war against the central government since early 1949. The aim of the KNU at first was independence. Since 1976 the armed group has called for a federal system rather than an independent Karen State. The Karen conflict is the second longest internal war in the world after the Dagohoy rebellion in the Philippines, having been waged for 85 years until 1829. History 1947 – 1959 The KNU was founded in 1947. Following Myanmar's independence in January 1948, KNU leaders instructed local organisers to establish local defence militias, collectively grouped under the Karen Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karen People
The Karen ( ), also known as the Kayin, are an ethnolinguistic group of peoples who speak Karenic languages and are indigenous to southern and southeastern Myanmar, including the Irrawaddy Delta, Irrawaddy delta and Kayin State. The Karen account for around 6.69% of the Burmese population. The Karen consist of approximately 20 subgroups, the largest of whom are the S'gaw people, S'gaw and the Pwo peoples. Other Karenic-speaking peoples like the Pa'O people, Pa'O, Karenni people, Karenni, and the Kayan people (Myanmar), Kayan, have formed distinct identities. The ethnic identity of the Karen peoples has significantly been shaped by British colonial rule, Christian missionaries, Decolonization, decolonisation, and sociopolitical developments in Myanmar. The group as a whole is heterogeneous and disparate, as many Karenic ethnic groups do not share a common language, culture, religion, or material characteristics. A pan-Karen ethnic identity is a relatively modern creation, est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karenni National People's Liberation Front
The Karenni National People's Liberation Front (KNPLF) is a Communism, communist and Karenni people, Karenni Nationalism, nationalist Insurgency, insurgent group active in Kayah State, Myanmar (Burma). It agreed to become a government-sponsored Border Guard Forces, border guard force on 8 November 2009 although it remains active under the name of KNPLF. Starting from 13 June 2023, it has decided to change sides to the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), Karenni Army (KA), Karenni Nationalities Defense Force (KNDF), and People's Defense Force (PDF) and fight the military regime. History The KNPLF was formed in 1978, when a group of left-wing fighters split from the Karenni Army due to ideological differences. In 1983, under CPB's leadership, KNPLF alongside Kayan New Land Party and Shan State National Liberation Organisation formed the central regional command. The group maintained close ties with the Communist Party of Burma (CPB), receiving training, supplies, and armed sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamar People's Liberation Army
The Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA) () is an List of ethnic armed organisations, ethnic armed organisation in Myanmar. It was founded on 17 April 2021 by a group of 17 people, including Maung Saungkha, a prominent Burmese poet and human rights activist who had participated in the 2021–2022 Myanmar protests, 2021–2022 protests in Myanmar. The logo of the BPLA consists of nine peacock feathers arranged in a circle, a symbol of the last List of Burmese monarchs, kings of Myanmar. Objectives According to Saungkha, the objectives of the BPLA include "[ending] the dominance of Bamar people, Bamar Buddhists over other List of ethnic groups in Myanmar, ethnic groups, "strengthen[ing] the unity of Myanmar's diverse ethnic groups under a Federation, federal democratic union", "ensuring that, if Aung San Suu Kyi is released from house arrest, no political compromises are made under the name of state stability, and recognising "a Bamar state or constituent unit based on Bamar id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakan Army
The Arakan Army (; Abbreviation, abbreviated AA), sometimes referred to as the Arakha Army is an Ethnic nationalism, ethnic-List of insurgent groups in Myanmar, armed organisation based in Rakhine State (Arakan). Founded in April 2009, the Arakan Army is the military wing of the United League of Arakan (ULA). It is currently led by Commander-in-Chief Major General Twan Mrat Naing and vice deputy commander-in-chief Brigadier General Nyo Twan Awng. It is the military wing of the Rakhine people, Rakhine ethnic people in Rakhine state where they are the majority. They seek greater autonomy from the Myanmar's central government and wants to restore the sovereignty of Rakhine people, Arakan people. It was declared a terrorist organization in 2020 by Myanmar, and again by the State Administration Council junta in 2024. In the early 2010s, the Arakan Army fought alongside the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) against the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) in the Kachin conflict. Following th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All Burma Students' Democratic Front
The All Burma Students' Democratic Front (; abbreviated ABSDF or မကဒတ) is an opposition group in Myanmar (also known as Burma). It was founded on 1 November 1988, after the 8888 protests in Yangon. The group's leadership consists mostly of former student exiles. The ABSDF operates an armed wing, which has fought alongside other armed opposition groups in Myanmar, such as the Kachin Independence Army and the Karen National Liberation Army. Objectives The objective of the group is to free the people of Myanmar from the oppression of the military, to create a democracy with political freedom and respect for human rights, to obtain nationwide peace, and to introduce a federal system in the country. Leadership The ABSDF elects its leadership democratically, with leaders of the organisation serving for three-year terms in accordance with the ABSDF constitution. Its first leader was Htun Aung Gyaw, a leader in the December 1974 student protests following the U Thant fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DKBA-5
The Democratic Karen Buddhist Army - Brigade 5 (; abbreviated DKBA-5), also known as the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (; abbreviated DKBA) and the Klo Htoo Baw Battalion by the Burmese government, is a Karen Buddhist insurgent group in Myanmar. The group was led by Bo Nat Khann Mway, also known as "Saw Lah Pwe", until his death in 2016. The DKBA-5 split from the original Democratic Karen Buddhist Army in 2010 and is loosely affiliated with the Karen National Union. They have also worked with the Arakan Army. During the 2010 general election, the DKBA-5 attacked government troops and security forces in Myawaddy Township, Kayin State. The group signed a ceasefire agreement with the government on 3 November 2011, though they have not agreed to disarming, unlike their DKBA predecessors in 2010. On World Children's Day 2020, DKBA-5 signed the first Myanmar Joint Action Plan with the United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karenni Nationalities Defence Force
The Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF; ) is a pro-democracy armed organization currently fighting in the Myanmar civil war. It is a defence force for the local Karenni federal state formed in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. The KNDF also includes other organizations and Operate under the commander-in-chief of Karenni Army (KA) armed wing of KNPP, which an official regard as "good relations between the EAOs and the public" The KNDF has engaged in fighting with the junta, mainly with the 66th Light Infantry Division. On 6 June 2023, the KNDF issued a report on the second anniversary of their founding. They stated that they have established 22 battalions and six brigades. They also claimed that the junta now has control over Loikaw and other urban wards only, and most areas in the state are under the control of the resistance groups. As of Jan 2025 the KNDF sees itself as a defence force aiding the Pro Democracy movement and not a traditional Ethnic Armed Orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manerplaw
Manerplaw (; ) was a village in Kayin State, Myanmar (Burma), on the Moei River. It was the proposed capital of an independent state governed by the Karen people, known locally as Kawthoolei. Manerplaw was established in 1975 and had a population of around 3,000 in 1992 until its evacuation following military offensives by the government. The headquarters of several opposition groups were located in Manerplaw, including those of the Karen National Union (KNU), the All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF), the Democratic Party for a New Society (DPNS), and the National Democratic Front (NDF). The National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB) was established in Manerplaw in December 1990. Manerplaw was captured and occupied by Tatmadaw and Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) troops on 27 January 1995 during the Fall of Manerplaw and later abandoned. On 17 December 2024, Karen National Union, Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), and allied forces recaptured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
