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K. J. Ellilä
K, or k, is the eleventh letter of the English alphabet. K may also refer to: General uses * K, a normal modal logic * K (programming language), an array processing language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems * K (cider), a British draft cider manufactured and distributed by the Gaymer Cider Company of Bath, England * K band (other) * K computer, a Japanese supercomputer * K-factor (other), several unrelated terms in physics, engineering, telecommunications and chess * Vitamin K, a group of vitamins that are needed to promote blood coagulation * Kappa (Κ) (Greek alphabet) * Ka (Cyrillic) (К) (Cyrillic alphabet) * Chrysler K platform, 1981–1995 car design used by Chrysler * Low-K, the dielectric constant in semiconductors, electronics, and physics * K–12 education, a designation for the sum of primary and secondary education, used mainly in North America * K, a prefix for North American call signs used by most broadcast stations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normal Modal Logic
In logic, a normal modal logic is a set ''L'' of modal formulas such that ''L'' contains: * All propositional tautology (logic), tautologies; * All instances of the Kripke_semantics, Kripke schema: \Box(A\to B)\to(\Box A\to\Box B) and it is closed under: * Detachment rule (''modus ponens''): A\to B, A \in L implies B \in L; * Necessitation rule: A \in L implies \Box A \in L. The smallest logic satisfying the above conditions is called K. Most modal logics commonly used nowadays (in terms of having philosophical motivations), e.g. C. I. Lewis's S4 and S5 (modal logic), S5, are normal (and hence are extensions of K). However a number of deontic logic, deontic and epistemic logics, for example, are non-normal, often because they give up the Kripke schema. Every normal modal logic is regular modal logic, regular and hence classical modal logic, classical. Common normal modal logics The following table lists several common normal modal systems. The notation refers to the table at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
