Józef Motyka

	Józef Motyka Józef Motyka (23 March 1900 – 6 July 1984) was a Polish botanist and lichenology, lichenologist. Early live and education Motyka was born on 23 March 1900 in Kąclowa. He obtained his PhD in 1925 at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for his studies on the ecology of saxicolous lichens (growing on or living among rocks) in Europe. Early career Afterwards, he spent several years researching the large lichen genus ''Usnea'', culminating in the publication of a two-volume monograph during 1936–1938. During the Second World War he was employed in the Botanical Garden in Lwow. In 1944 he returned to his birthplace, Kąclowa, and began teaching at the Gymnasium (school), Gymnasium in nearby Grybów. A year later Motyka was appointed as Director of the Plant Geography and Systematics department at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, and soon after became an associate professor. For the next decade he worked largely on the distribution and ecology of vascular plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Brackets A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their names, that vary between British English, British and American English. "Brackets", without further qualification, are in British English the ... marks and in American English the ... marks. Other symbols are repurposed as brackets in specialist contexts, such as International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters, those used by linguists. Brackets are typically deployed in symmetric pairs, and an individual bracket may be identified as a "left" or "right" bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. In casual writing and in technical fields such as computing or linguistic analysis of grammar, brackets ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 species), '' Usnea'' (355 species), '' Parmotrema'' ( 255 species), and '' Hypotrachyna'' (262 species). Nearly all members of the family have a symbiotic association with a green alga (most often ''Trebouxia'' spp., but ''Asterochloris'' spp. are known to associate with some species).Miadlikowska, J. ''et al.'' (2006). New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. ''Mycologia'' 98: 1088-1103. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/1088.pdf The majority of Parmeliaceae species have a foliose, fruticose, or subfruticose growth form. The morphological diversity and complexity exhibited by this group i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ramalina Motykana ''Ramalina'' is a genus of greenish fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches. Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichensField Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, or cartilage lichens. Apothecia are lecanorine. It is in the family Ramalinaceae and in the suborder Lecanorineae. Description The genus ''Ramalina'' consists of shrubby (fruticose) lichens that often appear tufted, ranging from erect to hanging () forms. The of the thallus, which is the body of the lichen, typically emerge from a well-defined or more spread-out holdfast—a structure that anchors the lichen to its substrate. In rare cases, these lichens can be free-living, unattached to any surface. The branches within the thallus can vary from singular to many, and their branching pattern may be either regularly forked (dichotomous) or more irregular. These branches are commonly compressed and strap-shaped, although they can occa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Alectoria Motykana Alectoria may refer to: * ''Alectoria'' (fungus), a genus of lichenized fungi * ''Alectoria'' (insect), a monotypic genus of bush crickets or katydids in the subfamily Phaneropterinae * ''Alectoria'', a genus of birds in the family Phasianidae; synonym of ''Alectoris'' Alectoria (stone), a purportedly magic crystal, found in the gizzards of rooster The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ... s {{Disambiguation, genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Golden Cross Of Merit Golden means made of, or relating to gold. Golden may also refer to: Places United Kingdom Golden, in the parish of Probus, Cornwall Golden Cap, Dorset Golden Square, Soho, London Golden Valley, a valley on the River Frome in Gloucestershire * Golden Valley, Herefordshire United States Golden, Colorado, a town West of Denver, county seat of Jefferson County Golden, Idaho, an unincorporated community * Golden, Illinois, a village * Golden Township, Michigan * Golden, Mississippi, a village Golden City, Missouri, a city Golden, Missouri, an unincorporated community Golden, Nebraska, ghost town in Burt County Golden Township, Holt County, Nebraska * Golden, New Mexico, a sparsely populated ghost town Golden, Oregon, an abandoned mining town Golden, Texas, an unincorporated community * Golden, Utah, a ghost town * Golden, Marshall County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Elsewhere Golden, County Tipperary, Ireland, a village on the River Suir Golden Vale, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Polonia Restituta The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle. The Order of Polonia Restituta is sometimes regarded as Poland's successor to the ''Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr'', known as the Order of Saint Stanislaus, established in 1765 by Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to honor supporters of the Polish crown. History When Poland regained its independence from the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Russian Empire in 1918, the new Polish government abolished the activities of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Opera Utique Oppressa This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology, Glossary of lichen terms, and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names. A B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]