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Jurimetrics
Jurimetrics is the application of quantitative methods, especially probability and statistics, to law. In the United States, the journal '' Jurimetrics'' is published by the American Bar Association and Arizona State University. The ''Journal of Empirical Legal Studies'' is another publication that emphasizes the statistical analysis of law. The term was coined in 1949 by Lee Loevinger in his article "Jurimetrics: The Next Step Forward". Showing the influence of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Loevinger quoted Holmes' celebrated phrase that: The first work on this topic is attributed to Nicolaus I Bernoulli in his doctoral dissertation ''De Usu Artis Conjectandi in Jure'', written in 1709. Relation to law and economics The difference between jurimetrics and law and economics is that jurimetrics investigates legal questions from a probabilistic/statistical point of view, while law and economics addresses legal questions using standard microeconomic analysis. Specifically, jurimetr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurimetrics (journal)
'' Jurimetrics, The Journal of Law, Science, and Technology'', is a peer-reviewed academic journal An academic journal (or scholarly journal or scientific journal) is a periodical publication in which Scholarly method, scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the ... published quarterly. It is the official journal of the American Bar Association's Section of Science & Technology Law and the Center for Law, Science & Innovation at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law. From 1959 until 1966 the journal was known as ''Modern Uses of Logic in Law''. See also * List of law journals External links * American law journals Technology law journals Arizona State University publications English-language journals {{law-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lee Loevinger
Lee Loevinger (April 24, 1913 – April 26, 2004) was an American jurist and lawyer. Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Loevinger received his bachelor's degree from University of Minnesota in 1933 and his law degree from University of Minnesota Law School in 1936. He later practiced law in Kansas City, Missouri. Loevinger served in the United States Navy during World War II. In 1960 and 1961, Loevinger served on the Minnesota Supreme Court. From 1961 to 1963, Loevinger served as a United States Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Justice Antitrust Division. Loevinger then was a member of the Federal Communications Commission from 1963 to 1968. Loevinger then practiced law in Washington, D.C. He died in Washington, D.C. Father of jurimetrics Loevinger is known for coining the term '' jurimetrics,'' the use of probability and statistics to answer legal questions, in a 1949 Minnesota Law Review The ''Minnesota Law Review'' is a student-run law review published by stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law And Economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics; one based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law, and a second branch which focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance. History Origin The historical antecedents of law and economics can be traced back to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgardo Buscaglia
Edgardo Buscaglia is a scholar and practitioner within the field of law and economics. Buscaglia is also an international philanthropist and civil society leader engaged in supporting non-governmental organizations in their combat and prevention of organized crime, including his support for combatting wildlife trafficking at the Wildlife Justice Commission or his philanthropic and technical support for preventing human trafficking in Mexico and Central America as Director of the International Law and Economic Development Center. Main ideas Buscaglia has concentrated his academic and government-related field work on the economic analysis of organized crime and Corruption within the private and public sectors i.e. complex crimes such as human trafficking, arms trafficking, political corruption, drugs trafficking or acts of terrorism, among nineteen other types of crimes which have a negative impact on the stability of a political system in general and of a democracy in particula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ban The Box
Ban the Box is an American campaign by advocates for ex-offenders aimed at removing the check box that asking applicants about their potential criminal record from hiring applications. Its purpose is to enable ex-offenders to display their qualifications in the hiring process before being asked about their criminal records. The Ban the Box campaign started in the state of Hawaii in the late 1990s and gained popularity during the Great Recession. Proponents of the campaign argue removing the need to mention criminal records in job applications may lower recidivism rates. History The campaign began in Hawaii in the late 1990s and has gained strength in other U.S. states following the Great Recession. Its advocates say it is necessary because a growing number of Americans have criminal records because of tougher sentencing laws, particularly for drug crimes, and are having difficulty finding work because of high unemployment and a rise in background checks that followed the Septe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airline Deregulation
Airline deregulation is the process of removing government-imposed entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting, in particular, the carriers permitted to serve specific routes. In the United States, the term usually applies to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. A new form of regulation has been developed to some extent to deal with problems such as the allocation of the limited number of slots available at airports. Introduction As jets were integrated into the market in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the industry experienced dramatic growth. By the mid-1960s, airlines were carrying roughly 100 million passengers and by the mid-1970s, over 200 million Americans had traveled by air. This steady increase in air travel began placing serious strains on the ability of federal regulators to cope with the increasingly complex nature of air travel.The onset of high inflation, low economic growth, falling productivity, rising labor costs and higher fuel costs proved problematic t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terry Stop
A ''Terry'' stop in the United States allows the police to briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity. ("In ''Terry v. Ohio'', 392 U. S. 1, 30 (1968), we held that the police can stop and briefly detain a person for investigative purposes if the officer has a reasonable suspicion supported by articulable facts that criminal activity "may be afoot," even if the officer lacks probable cause.") Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause which is needed for arrest. When police stop and search a pedestrian, this is commonly known as a stop and frisk. When police stop an automobile, this is known as a traffic stop. If the police stop a motor vehicle on minor infringements in order to investigate other suspected criminal activity, this is known as a pretextual stop. Additional rules apply to stops that occur on a bus. In the United States at the federal level, the Supreme Court has decided many cases that define the inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisson Regression
In statistics, Poisson regression is a generalized linear model form of regression analysis used to model count data and contingency tables. Poisson regression assumes the response variable ''Y'' has a Poisson distribution, and assumes the logarithm of its expected value can be modeled by a linear combination of unknown parameters. A Poisson regression model is sometimes known as a log-linear model, especially when used to model contingency tables. Negative binomial regression is a popular generalization of Poisson regression because it loosens the highly restrictive assumption that the variance is equal to the mean made by the Poisson model. The traditional negative binomial regression model is based on the Poisson-gamma mixture distribution. This model is popular because it models the Poisson heterogeneity with a gamma distribution. Poisson regression models are generalized linear models with the logarithm as the (canonical) link function, and the Poisson distribution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calorie Count Laws
Calorie count laws are a type of law that require restaurants (typically only larger restaurant chains) to post food energy Food energy is chemical energy that animals and humans derive from food to sustain their metabolism and muscular activity. Most animals derive most of their energy from aerobic respiration, namely combining the carbohydrates, fats, and protein ... and nutritional information on the food served on menus. Studies of consumer behavior have shown that for some fast-food chains, consumers reduce calorie consumption but at other chains they do not. In response to federal regulation in the United States, some restaurant chains have modified certain items to reduce calories, or introduced new menu items as lower-calorie alternatives. United States The first U.S. menu item calorie labeling law was enacted in 2008 in New York City. California was the first state to enact a calorie count law, which occurred in 2009. Restaurants that do not comply can be fined up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistical Discrimination (economics)
Statistical discrimination is a theorized behavior in which group inequality arises when economic agents (consumers, workers, employers, etc.) have imperfect information about individuals they interact with. According to this theory, inequality may exist and persist between demographic groups even when economic agents are rational. This is distinguished from taste-based discrimination which emphasizes the role of prejudice (sexism, racism, etc.) to explain disparities in labour market outcomes between demographic groups. The theory of statistical discrimination was pioneered by Kenneth Arrow (1973) and Edmund Phelps (1972). The name "statistical discrimination" relates to the way in which employers make employment decisions. Since their information on the applicants' productivity is imperfect, they use statistical information, both current and historical, on the group they belong to in order to infer productivity. If a minority group is less productive initially (due to histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk Compensation
Risk compensation is a theory which suggests that people typically adjust their behavior in response to perceived levels of risk, becoming more careful where they sense greater risk and less careful if they feel more protected. Although usually small in comparison to the fundamental benefits of safety interventions, it may result in a lower net benefit than expected or even higher risks. "Behavioural adaptation generally does not eliminate the safety gains from programmes, but tends to reduce the size of the expected effects" By way of example, it has been observed that motorists drove closer to the vehicle in front when the vehicles were fitted with anti-lock brakes. There is also evidence that the risk compensation phenomenon could explain the failure of condom distribution programs to reverse HIV prevalence and that condoms may foster disinhibition, with people engaging in risky sex both with and without condoms. By contrast, shared space is an urban street design method wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
