|
Jurchenic Languages
The Jurchenic languages (also known as the Manchuric languages) form a subgroup of Tungusic languages of northeastern China. Languages * Jurchenic languages ** Jurchen *** Manchu *** Xibe ** Bala ** Alchuka ** Chinese Kyakala Bala Bala may refer to: Films * ''Bala'' (1976 film), an English-language dance documentary * ''Bala'' (2002 film), a Tamil-language action film * ''Bala'' (2019 film), a Hindi-language black comedy Life forms *Bala shark (''Balantiocheilos melano ..., Alchuka, and Chinese Kyakala are extinct Jurchenic languages that were documented in the 1980s. They preserve many archaic features that are highly crucial for the historical-comparative study of Tungusic languages. References {{Tungusic languages * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tungusic Languages
The Tungusic languages (also known as Manchu–Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered. There are approximately 75,000 native speakers of the dozen living languages of the Tungusic language family. The term "Tungusic" is from an exonym for the Evenk people (Ewenki) used by the Yakuts ("tongus"). Classification Linguists working on Tungusic have proposed a number of different classifications based on different criteria, including morphological, lexical, and phonological characteristics. Some scholars have criticized the tree-based model of Tungusic classification and argue that the long history of contact among the Tungusic languages makes them better treated as a dialect continuum. The main classification is into a northern branch and a southern branch (Georg 2004) although the two branches have no clear division, and the classification of intermediate groups is debatable. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurchen Language
The Jurchen language ( zh, t=女真語, p=Nǚzhēn yǔ) was the Tungusic language of the Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the rulers of the Jin dynasty in northern China of the 12th and 13th centuries. It is ancestral to the Manchu language. In 1635 Hong Taiji renamed the Jurchen ethnicity and language to "Manchu". Writing A writing system for Jurchen language was developed in 1119 by Wanyan Xiyin. A number of books were translated into Jurchen, but none have survived, even in fragments. Surviving samples of Jurchen writing are quite scarce. One of the most important extant texts in Jurchen is the inscription on the back of "the Jin Victory Memorial Stele" ( zh, t=大金得勝陀頌碑, p=Dà jīn déshèngtuó sòngbēi, labels=no), which was erected in 1185, during the reign of Emperor Shizong. It is apparently an abbreviated translation of the Chinese text on the front of the stele.Hoyt Cleveland Tillman, Stephen H. West, ''China Under Jurchen Rule: Essays on Chin Inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchu Language
Manchu ( ) is a critically endangered language, endangered Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China. As the traditional native language of the Manchu people, Manchus, it was one of the official languages of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China, although today the vast majority of Manchus speak only Mandarin Chinese. Several thousand can speak Manchu as a second language through governmental primary education or free classes for adults in classrooms or online. The Manchu language has high historical value for historians of China, especially for the Qing dynasty. Manchu-language texts supply information that is unavailable in Chinese, and when both Manchu and Chinese versions of a given text exist, they provide controls for understanding the Chinese. Like most Siberian languages, Manchu is an agglutinative language that demonstrates limited vowel harmony. It has been demonstrated that it is derived mainly from the Jurchen language thou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xibe Language
The Xibe language (, also Sibo, Sibe) is a Tungusic language spoken by members of the Sibe minority of Xinjiang, in Northwest China. Classification Sibe is conventionally viewed as a separate language within the southern group of Tungusic languages alongside the more well-known Manchu language, having undergone more than 200 years of development separated from the Tungusic-speaking heartland since Sibe troops were dispatched to the Xinjiang frontiers in 1764. Some researchers such as Jerry Norman hold that Sibe is a dialect of Manchu, whereas Xibologists such as An Jun argue that Sibe should be considered the "successor" to Manchu. Ethnohistorically, the Sibe people are not considered Manchu people, because they were excluded from chieftain Nurhaci's 17th-century tribal confederation to which the name "Manchu" was later applied. Phonology Sibe is mutually intelligible with Manchu, although unlike Manchu, Sibe has reported to have eight vowel distinctions as opposed to the si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bala Language (China)
The Bala language () is a possibly extinct Tungusic language that was spoken in and around the Zhangguangcai Range of Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China. No standard orthography exists for the language, although manuscripts have occasionally recorded Bala words using Chinese characters. Classification Bala clearly belongs to the Jurchenic language subgroup of Southern Tungusic languages, but its exact position within Jurchenic remains to be determined. Bala is more closely related to Jurchen than it is to Manchu and retains many archaic features. It reportedly became extinct in 1982, but it is unknown whether there could be rememberers of the language still alive today. In addition to influences from Northeastern Mandarin and Manchu, Bala may also have been influenced by Southern Nanai languages such as Kilen. Distribution Originally spoken by mountain dwellers who claimed to have fled to the Zhangguangcai Mountains to flee from the late 16th-century Manchu campai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alchuka Language
Alchuka (; Manchu: ''Alcuka'', ''Alcuha''), also Alchuka Manchu () and the Alchuka dialect of Manchu () is an extinct Tungusic language that was spoken near Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. A detailed overview of Alchuka can be found in Hölzl (2020). Name Alchuka is the historical name of a town, now called Acheng District. Classification Alchuka belongs to the Jurchenic subgroup of Tungusic. Other Jurchenic languages include Written Manchu, Bala Bala may refer to: Films * ''Bala'' (1976 film), an English-language dance documentary * ''Bala'' (2002 film), a Tamil-language action film * ''Bala'' (2019 film), a Hindi-language black comedy Life forms *Bala shark (''Balantiocheilos melano ..., and Chinese Kyakala. Documentation Alchuka has been documented in the 1980s by Mu Yejun (穆晔骏), in Mu (1981: 72; 1985; 1986a; 1986b; 1987; 1988). At the time, only very few elderly speakers were left. Alchuka has also been discussed in Ikegami (1994, 1999: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Kyakala Language
Chinese Kyakala () is an extinct Tungusic language that was spoken in northeastern China. It is not to be confused with '' Russian Kyakala'' or ''Kekar'', a southern Udeghe language or dialect cluster that was spoken in Far East Russia The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte .... In contrast, Chinese Kyakala belongs in the Jurchenic subgroup. Documentation Chinese Kyakala has been documented in Mu & Ma (1983); Mu’ercha & Mu’ercha (1983); Mu’ercha & Meng (1986); and Mu (1987). More recent discussions of Chinese Kyakala include Gu (2018); Hölzl (2018); and Hölzl & Hölzl (2019).Hölzl, Andreas & Yadi Hölzl. 2019. A wedding ceremony of the Kyakala in China: Language and ritual. ''International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction'' 16. 8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeastern China
Northeast China () is a geographical region of China, consisting officially of three provinces Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The heartland of the region is the Northeast China Plain, the largest plain in China with an area of over . The region is separated from the Russian Far East to the north and east by the Amur, Argun and Ussuri Rivers; from North Korea to the south by the Yalu and Tumen Rivers; and from the neighboring North China to the west by the Greater Khingan Range and Yan Mountains. It is also bounded by the Bohai Bay and Yellow Sea to the southwest, about away from East China's Jiaodong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait, due to be connected via a proposed undersea tunnel. The four prefectures of Inner Mongolia (which is part of North China) east of the Greater Khingan, i.e. Chifeng, Tongliao, Hinggan and Hulunbuir, are sometimes also considered broader parts of Northeast China, and together with the aforementioned three provinces formed what was h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
