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Juncus Subnodulosus-Cirsium Palustre Fen-meadow
The ''Juncus subnodulosus''–''Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow is a plant associationJ.S. Rodwell. 1998. p. 227 characteristically found on damp ground in portions of western Europe. This type of fen-meadow appears to have co-evolved with human agriculture in Europe since the earlier Holocene.C. Michael Hogan. 2009 Species The dominant flora species within this fen-meadow are:C. Michael Hogan. 2009 *''Juncus subnodulosus'' and *'' Cirsium palustre''. The ''Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow association typically has the following species present:C. Michael Hogan. 2009 *''Filipendula ulmaria ''Filipendula ulmaria'', commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows. It is native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia (Near East and Middle East). It has ...'', *'' Equisetum palustre'', *'' Holcus lanatus'', *'' Lotus pedunculatus'' *'' Mentha aquatica''. References * C. Michael Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Association
A plant community is a collection or association of plant species within a designated geographical unit, which forms a relatively uniform patch, distinguishable from neighboring patches of different vegetation types. The components of each plant community are influenced by soil type, topography, climate and human disturbance. In many cases there are several soil types present within a given plant community. This is because the soil type within an area is influenced by two factors, the rate at which water infiltrates or exits (via evapotranspiration) the soil, as well as the rate at which organic matter (any carbon-based compound within the environment, such as decaying plant matter) enters or decays from the soil. Plant communities are studied substantially by ecologists, due to providing information on the effects of dispersal, tolerance to environmental conditions, and response to disturbance of a variety of plant species, information valuable to the comprehension of various plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocene
The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene is an interglacial period within the ongoing Ice age, glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and is equivalent to Marine isotope stages, Marine Isotope Stage 1. The Holocene correlates with the last maximum axial tilt towards the Sun of the Earth#Axial tilt and seasons, Earth's obliquity. The Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth, and impacts of the human species worldwide, including Recorded history, all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban culture, urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global significance for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora
Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. The corresponding term for animals is ''fauna'', and for fungi, it is ''funga''. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora as in the terms ''gut flora'' or ''skin flora'' for purposes of specificity. Etymology The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora (mythology), Flora, the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology. The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century. The distinction between vegetation (the general appearance of a community) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fen-meadow
A fen-meadow is a type of peatland, common in North America and Europe, that receives water from precipitation and groundwater. Habitat The continuous flow of mineral-rich and nutrient-poor acidic groundwater through fen-meadow topsoil fosters endemic plant species, including plant associations such as '' Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre'', and protects them from floods, droughts, and nutrient pollution. Degradation by human activity Fen meadows have been severely impacted by farming, resulting in hydrological changes, acidification, and nutrient pollution, leaving few preserved into the 21st century. Compositional transformations and increased groundwater flow have the greatest effect this habitat and can degrade peat. Keeping water tables at appropriate levels allows fen meadows to regulate themselves. Restoration efforts are difficult and no deteriorated fens have been fully restored. Therefore, preservation efforts focus on maintaining fen meadows with slight to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juncus Subnodulosus
''Juncus subnodulosus'', the blunt-flowered rush, is a species of Juncaceae, rush. It natively occurs from the Mediterranean region across temperate Europe, but it does not range far into Scandinavia. Introduced populations exist in New Zealand and North America. This species is an important plant association, associate within the Human impact on the environment, anthropogenic Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow, ''Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow ecosystem, an important habitat type of Western Europe. ''J. subnodulosus'' is particularly prevalent within the disturbed ridges of this type of fen-meadow.Perring ''et al.'' (1964), Hogan (2009) Footnotes References * (1964): ''A flora of Cambridgeshire''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. * (2009)Marsh Thistle: ''Cirsium palustre'' at GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg Juncus, subnodulosus Plants described in 1789 Flora of Europe Grasses of Lebanon {{Poales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirsium Palustre
''Cirsium palustre'', the marsh thistle or European swamp thistle, is a herbaceous biennial (or often perennial) flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Description ''Cirsium palustre'' is a tall thistle which reaches up to in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines. In its first year the plant grows as a dense rosette, at first with narrow, entire leaves with spiny, dark purple edges; later, larger leaves are lobed. In the subsequent years the plant grows a tall, straight stem, the tip of which branches repeatedly, bearing a candelabra of dark purple flowers, with purple-tipped bracts. In the northern hemisphere these are produced from June to September. The flowers are occasionally white, in which case the purple edges to the leaves are absent. Image:Cirsium_palustre.jpg, llustration File:Cirsium palustre20160617 5174.jpg, As a pot plant Ecology The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated first out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filipendula Ulmaria
''Filipendula ulmaria'', commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows. It is native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia (Near East and Middle East). It has been introduced and naturalised in North America. Meadowsweet has also been referred to as queen of the meadow, pride of the meadow, meadow-wort, meadow queen, lady of the meadow, dollof, meadsweet, and bridewort. Description The stems, growing to tall, erect and furrowed, reddish to sometimes purple. The leaves are dark-green on the upper side and whitish and downy underneath, much divided, interruptedly pinnate, having a few large serrate leaflets and small intermediate ones. Terminal leaflets are large, 4–8 cm long, and three- to five-lobed. Meadowsweet has delicate, graceful, creamy-white flowers clustered close together in irregularly-branched cymes, having a very strong, sweet smell redolent of antiseptic. They flower from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equisetum Palustre
''Equisetum palustre'', the marsh horsetail, is a perennial herbaceous pteridophyte belonging to the subclass of horsetails (Equisetidae). It is widespread in cooler regions of Eurasia and North America. Description ''Equisetum palustre'' has stems growing between 10-60 cm tall. The upright stems are usually scarcely branched with loose green leaf sheaths that have 5-10 narrow, dark teeth. The teeth are light at the edges. The lowest internode of the upright branches are much shorter than the leaf sheath of the stem.Hyde, H. A., Wade, A. E., & Harrison, S. G. (1978). ''Welsh Ferns''. National Museum of Wales . The rough, furrowed stem is 1–3 mm diameter, with usually 8–10 ribs, in rare cases, 4–12; it bears a variable number of whorled branches. The spores are spread by the wind (anemochory) and have four long ribbon-like structures attached to them. The spores sit on strobili which are rounded on the top. Marsh horsetails often form runners, with which they also can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holcus Lanatus
''Holcus lanatus'' is a perennial flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. The specific epithet ' is Latin for 'woolly' which describes the plant's hairy texture. Common names include Yorkshire fog, tufted grass, and meadow soft grass. In North America, where it is an invasive species, names include velvet grass and common velvet grass.Hubbard, C. E. ''Grasses''. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1976. Yorkshire Fog. Garden Organic. Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA). In parts of northern Europe the grass is a common native species and a hardy pasture grass. Characteristics and hybrids 
''Holcus lan ...
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Lotus Pedunculatus
''Lotus pedunculatus'' (formerly ''Lotus uliginosus''), the big trefoil, greater bird's-foot-trefoil or marsh bird's-foot trefoil, is a member of the pea family (Fabaceae). It is a herbaceous perennial growing throughout Europe in damp, open locations. As one common name suggests, it is a larger plant than related '' Lotus'' species, growing tall, with leaflets long and broad. Five to twelve golden-yellow flowers long are borne in an umbel at the tip of the upright stem. Unlike related species, the stem is always hollow, and the sepals turn back at their tips – these sepal tips form a characteristic "green star" at the end of the flower bud. The peak flowering period in the United Kingdom is June and July. Lotus pedunculatus has been introduced to the western side of the United States and is now a prevalent weed in irrigated lawns and draining waste areas. Due to this it is considered a problem in gardens across the west and as a legume promotes other weed growth as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mentha Aquatica
''Mentha aquatica'' (water mint; syn. ''Mentha hirsuta'' Huds.Euro+Med Plantbase Project''Mentha aquatica'') is a perennial flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It grows in moist places and is native to much of Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia.Flora of NW Europe''Mentha aquatica'' Description Water mint is a herbaceous rhizomatous perennial plant growing to tall. The stems are square in cross section, green or purple, and variably hairy to almost hairless. The rhizomes are wide-spreading, fleshy, and bear fibrous roots. The leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate, long and broad, green (sometimes purplish), opposite, toothed, and vary from hairy to nearly hairless. The flowers of the watermint are tiny, densely crowded, purple, tubular, pinkish to lilac in colour and form a terminal hemispherical inflorescence; flowering is from mid to late summer. Water mint is visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
