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Jules Chauvet
Jules Chauvet (1907-1989) was a wine ''négociant''. He worked from La Chapelle-de-Guinchay in the Beaujolais. Jules Chauvet was a winemaker and a taster. He also possessed the skills of a chemist, which he obtained at the school of chemistry at Lyon, then with Otto Warburg, with whom he maintained a long correspondence. He worked particularly on yeast, malolactic fermentation and carbonic maceration. He also was a teacher in winemaking. As such he later inspired the movement of natural wines. He leaves books of quality, including ''The aroma of fine wine'', the text of a lecture he delivered at the wine fair of Mâcon in 1950. Own books *''L'Esthétique du vin'', Jean-Paul Rocher publisher, Paris, 104 p., *''Études scientifiques et autres communications (1949-1988)'', Jean-Paul Rocher publisher, Paris, 193 p., *''L'Arôme des vins fins'', in ''Le Vin en question'', an interview with Hans Ulrich Kesselring,Originally published in the ''Chemische Rundschau Magazin'' n° 50, 9 De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Négociant
A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or wine companies, where their work includes: *Cooperating with viticulturists *Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest *Crushing and pressing grapes *Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material *Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids *Testing the quality of wine by tasting *Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation *Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured *Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled Today, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology – the science of wine. Vintner A vintner is a wine merchant. In some modern use, particularly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Chapelle-de-Guinchay
La Chapelle-de-Guinchay () is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac .... See also * Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department References Communes of Saône-et-Loire {{SaôneLoire-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beaujolais
Beaujolais ( , ) is a French '' Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée'' (AOC) wine generally made of the Gamay grape, which has a thin skin and is low in tannins. Like most AOC wines they are not labeled varietally. Whites from the region, which make up only 1% of its production, are made mostly with Chardonnay grapes though Aligoté is also permitted until 2024 (on condition the vines were planted before 2004). Beaujolais tends to be a very light-bodied red wine, with relatively high amounts of acidity. In some vintages, Beaujolais produces more wine than the Burgundy wine regions of Chablis, Côte d'Or, Côte Chalonnaise and Mâconnais put together.J. Robinson (ed.). ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'' (Third Ed.), pp 72–74. Oxford University Press, 2006. . The wine takes its name from the historical Province of Beaujolais, a wine-producing region. It is located north of Lyon, and covers parts of the north of the department of Rhône, the Rhône-Alpes region and south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winemaking
Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over millennia. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes. Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation – natural or injected). Red wine, white wine, and rosé are the other main categories. Although most wine is made from grapes, it may also be made from other plants. (See fruit wine.) Other similar light alcoholic drinks (as opposed to beer or spirits) include mead, made by fermenting honey and water, cider ("apple cider"), made by fermenting the juice of apples, and perry ("pear cider"), made by fermenting the juice of pears, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemist
A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, chemical reaction rates, and other chemical properties. In Commonwealth English, pharmacists are often called chemists. Chemists use their knowledge to learn the composition and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry. Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. The work of chemists is often related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Heinrich Warburg
Otto Heinrich Warburg (, ; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970), son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor, and Nobel laureate. He served as an officer in the elite Uhlan (cavalry regiment) during the First World War, and was awarded the Iron Cross (1st Class) for bravery. He was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1931. In total, he was nominated for the award 47 times over the course of his career. Biography Otto Heinrich Warburg was born in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1883, close to the Swiss border. Otto's mother was the daughter of a Protestant family of bankers and civil servants from Baden. His father, Emil Warburg, had converted to Protestantism as an adult, although Emil's parents were Orthodox Jews. Emil was a member of the illustrious Warburg family of Altona. Emil was also president of the ''Physikalische Reichsanstalt, Wirklicher Geheimer Oberregierungsrat'' (True Senior Privy Counselor). Otto Warburg studied ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeast (wine)
The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from fruit juice. In the absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugars of the fruit into alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation.Jeff Cox ''"From Vines to Wines: The Complete Guide to Growing Grapes and Making Your Own Wine"'' pp. 133–36 Storey Publishing 1999 The more sugars in the grapes, the higher the potential alcohol level of the wine if the yeast are allowed to carry out fermentation to dryness.D. Bird ''"Understanding Wine Technology"'' pp. 67–73 DBQA Publishing 2005 Sometimes winemakers will stop fermentation early in order to leave some residual sugars and sweetness in the wine such as with dessert wines. This can be achieved by dropping fermentation temperatures to the point where the yeast are inactive, sterile filtering the wine to remove the yeast or fortification with brandy or neutral spirits to kill off the yeast cells. If fermentation is unintent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malolactic Fermentation
Malolactic conversion (also known as malolactic fermentation or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which Tart (flavor), tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid. Malolactic fermentation is most often performed as a secondary fermentation (wine), secondary fermentation shortly after the end of the primary fermentation (wine), fermentation, but can sometimes run concurrently with it. The process is standard for most red wine production and common for some white grape varieties such as Chardonnay, where it can impart a "buttery" flavor from diacetyl, a byproduct of the reaction. The fermentation reaction is undertaken by the family of lactic acid bacteria (LAB); ''Oenococcus oeni'', and various species of ''Lactobacillus'' and ''Pediococcus''. Chemically, malolactic fermentation is a decarboxylation, which means carbon dioxide is liberated in the process.K. Fugelsang, C. Edwards ''Wine Microbiology'' Second Edition pgs 29-44 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonic Maceration
Carbonic maceration is a winemaking technique, often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment before crushing. Conventional alcoholic fermentation involves crushing the grapes to free the juice and pulp from the skin with yeast serving to convert sugar into ethanol. Carbonic maceration ferments most of the juice while it is still inside the grape, although grapes at the bottom of the vessel are crushed by gravity and undergo conventional fermentation. The resulting wine is fruity with very low tannins. It is ready to drink quickly but lacks the structure for long-term aging. In extreme cases such as Beaujolais nouveau, the period between picking and bottling can be less than six weeks. During carbonic maceration, an anaerobic environment is created by pumping carbon dioxide into a sealed container filled with whole grape clusters. The carbon dioxide gas permeates through the grape s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Wine
Natural wine refers to a generalized movement among winemakers for production of wine using simple or traditional methods. Although there is no uniform definition of natural wine, it is usually produced without the use of pesticides or herbicides and with few or no additives. Typically, natural wine is produced on a small scale using traditional rather than industrial techniques and fermented with native yeast. In its purest form, natural wine is simply unadulterated fermented grape juice with no additives in the winemaking process. Other terms for the product include low-intervention wine, raw wine, and naked wine. History Some sources claim that the movement started with winemakers in the Beaujolais region of France in the 1960s. Several winemakers, namely Marcel Lapierre, Jean Foillard, Charly Thevenet, and Guy Breton, sought a return to the way their grandparents made wine, before the incursion of pesticides and synthetic chemicals that had become so prevalent in agricult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mâcon
Mâcon (), historically anglicised as Mascon, is a city in east-central France. It is the prefecture of the department of Saône-et-Loire in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Mâcon is home to near 34,000 residents, who are referred to in French as Mâconnais. The city gave its name to the nearby vineyards and wine 'appellation'. Geography The city lies on the western bank of the river Saône, between Bresse in the east and the Beaujolais hills in the south. Mâcon is the southernmost city in the department of Saône-et-Loire and the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It is north of Lyon and from Paris. The climate is temperate with a slight continental tendency. Climate Mâcon features an oceanic climate ( Köppen: ''Cfb''), with warm summers, slightly too cool to be called humid subtropical (''Cfa''). Winters are relatively cold to French standards, but milder and more rainy than north of Mâcon. Most precipitation is in spring and autumn. History Ancient and Medieval er ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sébastien Lapaque
Sébastien Lapaque (born 2 February 1971) is a French writer. Awards *2000 : Prix François Mauriac de l'Académie française *2002 : Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle The Prix Goncourt (french: Le prix Goncourt, , ''The Goncourt Prize'') is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". The prize carries a symbolic reward o ..., ''Mythologie Française'' *2004 : Prix James-Hennessy Works Novels *''Les Barricades mystérieuses'' (with a préface de Frédéric H. Fajardie), co-édition : éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Babel noir » no 319, Arles, 1998, et éditions Leméac, Montréal, 1998, 268 p., () (Actes Sud) ou () (Leméac), (Notice BNF no FRBNF36703273w) *''Les Idées heureuses'', éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Domaine français », Arles, 1999, 163 p., (), (Notice BNF no FRBNF37053414w) *''Les Identités remarquables'', éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Domaine français », Arles, 2009, 174 p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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