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Juhan Kukk
Juhan (Johann) Kukk ( – 4 December 1942) was an Estonian politician. Early years Kukk was born in Käru, Salla Parish (now in Väike-Maarja Parish), Wierland County. He graduated from Tartu High School of Sciences, then studied in the Commerce Department of the Riga Polytechnical School in 1904–1910 and eventually graduated with a first-degree diploma in Germany. Political career Kukk headed the financial department of the Estonian Provincial Assembly in 1917–1918, served as Financial and State Property Minister of the Estonian Provisional Government in 1918–1919, was Minister of Finance of the Republic of Estonia in 1919–1920, and then Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1920–1921. He was a member of the I and II Riigikogu from 1920 to 1926. From 18 November 1921 to 20 November 1922, he was also Speaker of the Riigikogu. He resigned as Speaker upon being appointed State Elder, an office he held until 2 August 1923. After Kukk left the Riigikogu, he was succeed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Elder Of Estonia
The State Elder (), sometimes also translated as Head of State, was the official title of the Estonian head of state from 1920 to 1937. He combined some of the functions held by a president and prime minister in most other democracies. According to the 1920 Estonian Constitution, which was enforced by the “Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, the Referendum Act and the Citizens’s Initiative Act Implementation Act“ on July 2, 1920, after being approved by the Constituent Assembly on June 16, 1920 (''Riigi Teataja'' August 9, 1920 No. 113/114), the Government of the Republic consisted of the ''riigivanem'' (State Elder) and Ministers (Section 58). The responsibilities of the State Elder were representing the Republic of Estonia, administration and co-ordination of the activities of the Government of the Republic, chairing the Government meetings; the State Elder had the right to make inquiries about the activities of the Ministers (Section 62). The Government of the Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tartu
Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 97,759 (as of 2024). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Latvia. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes in Estonia, Lake Võrtsjärv and Lake Peipus. From the 13th century until the end of the 19th century, Tartu was known in most of the world by variants of its historical name Dorpat. Tartu, the largest urban centre of southern Estonia, is often considered the "intellectual capital city" of the country, especially as it is home to the nation's oldest and most renowned university, the University of Tartu (founded in 1632). Tartu also houses the Supreme Court of Estonia, the Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), Ministry of Education and Research, the Estonian National Museum, and the oldest Estonian-language theatre, Vanemuine. It is also the birthplace of the Estonian Song Festivals. Tartu was designated as the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by the Soviet Union from 1940 until its Dissolution of the Soviet Union, dissolution in 1991. For a period of several years during World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. The initial Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic states began in June 1940 under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, made between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in August 1939 before the outbreak of World War II. The three independent Baltic states, Baltic countries were annexed as constituent Republics of the Soviet Union in August 1940. Most Western countries did not recognise this annexation, and considered it illegal. In July 1941, the German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II, occupation of the Baltic states by Nazi Germany took place, just weeks after its Operation Barbarossa, invasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Estonia
The Bank of Estonia () is the national central bank for Estonia within the Eurosystem. It was the Estonian central bank from 1919 to 2010 (albeit with a long suspension between 1940 and 1989), issuing the kroon. Name Like other central banks, the Bank of Estonia refers to itself in its native language even in English-speaking contexts. History Interwar period The bank was established on 24 February 1919 by the provisional government of Estonia following the independence of Estonia. In 1921, Eesti Pank was made the national bank and given the duty of printing the Estonian mark. The Bank of Estonia was restructured under the conditions of the stabilization loan coordinated by the Economic and Financial Organization of the League of Nations. A new version of the Statutes was approved in 1927, according to which Eesti Pank became an independent note-issuing central bank with limited functions. The main tasks of the bank remained to guarantee the value of the money throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperative Movement
The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of cooperatives across the world. Although cooperative arrangements, such as mutual insurance, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement began with the application of cooperative principles to business organization. Beginnings The cooperative spirit spread in Greece earlier than in other European countries. During the 18th century, a particular form of cooperative organization was developed in certain areas under Ottoman sovereignty. It was associated with specific agricultural or craft products destined to international markets. Derived from the Byzantine guilds, it was favored by the Ottoman administration because it was enabling better control of the production and tax collection. The Common Company (Syntrofia) of Ambelakia (1780 to 1812), established in Thessaly and providing Europe with high quality red cotton yarns, is typical of this system. Its development was rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Kana
Johann Kana (also Johan Kana; 22 March 1882 in Vana-Vändra Parish, Kreis Pernau – 6 January 1934 in Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I and II Riigikogu, starting on 28 October 1925 where he replaced Juhan Kukk Juhan (Johann) Kukk ( – 4 December 1942) was an Estonian politician. Early years Kukk was born in Käru, Salla Parish (now in Väike-Maarja Parish), Wierland County. He graduated from Tartu High School of Sciences, then studied in the Commer .... References 1882 births 1934 deaths People from Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish Politicians from Pärnu County People from Kreis Pernau Estonian Labour Party politicians Members of the Riigikogu, 1920–1923 Members of the Riigikogu, 1923–1926 {{Estonia-1923-Riigikogu-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
II Riigikogu
II Riigikogu was the second legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1923 elections (held on 5–7 May 1923). It sat between 31 May 1923 and 14 June 1926, before the next round of elections were held. Parties and seats Officers The following is a list of the Riigikogu's officers during the second legislative session:"II Riigikogu, 31.05.1923–14.06.1926" , '''' ]. Retrieved 24 January 2018. Chairmen * Jaan Tõniss ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I Riigikogu
I Riigikogu was the first legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1920 elections (held on 27–29 November 1920). It sat between 20 December 1920 and 30 May 1923, before the next round of elections were held. Parties and seats The 1920 general election distributed the 100 seats as follows: Officials Chairmen: * Otto Strandman (4 January 1921 to 18 November 1921)"I Riigikogu, 20.12.1920–30.05.1923" , '''' n Estonian Retrieved 24 January 2018. * [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest List of cities and towns in Estonia, urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the Estonians, majority of its population of nearly 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The Ancient Estonia#Early Middle Ages, medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Finance (Estonia)
Minister of Finance (''Estonian language, Estonian: Rahandusminister'') is the senior government minister, minister at the Ministry of Finance (Estonia), Ministry of Finance (''Rahandusministeerium'') in the Council of Ministers of Estonia, Estonian Government. The Minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for coordinating the government's policies on national finances. The position was originally established in 1918. The Minister of Finance is chosen by the Prime Minister of Estonia, Prime Minister as a part of the government. The current Finance Minister is Jürgen Ligi. List of ministers Finance and economy (1918–1940) *1918–1920 Juhan Kukk (Minister of Finance) *1920 Tõnis Vares (Minister of Finance) *1920–1921 Karl August Baars (Minister of Finance) *1921–1924 Georg Vestel (Minister of Finance) *1924 Karl August Baars (Minister of Finance) *1924 Otto Strandman (Minister of Finance) *1924–1927 Leo Sepp (Minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Provisional Government
The Estonian Provisional Government () was formed on 24 February 1918, by the Salvation Committee appointed by '' Maapäev'', the Estonian Province Assembly. History Konstantin Päts' first provisional cabinet The Provisional Government was led by Konstantin Päts. Jüri Vilms was appointed minister of justice, Jaan Poska minister of foreign affairs, Juhan Kukk minister of finance, Jaan Raamot minister of food and agriculture, Andres Larka minister of war. Villem Maasik was minister of labour and welfare, Ferdinand Peterson minister of roads and Peeter Põld minister of education. The main functions of the Provisional Government were lobbying for diplomatic recognition for Estonian independence abroad, oppose the German occupation of Estonia and organise elections to the Estonian Constituent Assembly. After the formation of the Provisional Government, the country was occupied by German troops and became administered by Ober Ost. As the result of German revolution and ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
