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João Anes
Dom João Anes (or João Eanes) (died 3 May 1402) was bishop (since 1384) and also the first archbishop of Lisbon. Biography His place and date of birth are unknown. He was nominated as bishop of Lisbon soon after the assassination of his predecessor, Bishop Dom Martinho, who was defenestrated by the citizens when Lisbon was besieged by the Castilians in 1383, under suspicion of conspiring with the enemy. In 1393, Lisbon was elevated from a simple diocese to an archdiocese, by a bull of Pope Boniface IX, with Dom João named as the first archbishop. Due to his friendship with King João, he also participated in the peace negotiations between Portugal and Castile. In 1397, he announced a new parish within the diocese of Lisbon, Santa Maria dos Olivais, created out of the parishes of Sacavém and Beato. He died in Lisbon Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarch Of Lisbon
The Patriarch of Lisbon (, ), also called the Cardinal-Patriarch of Lisbon once he has been made cardinal, is the ordinary bishop of the Archdiocese of Lisbon. He is one of the few patriarchs in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, along with the Patriarchs of Venice, the East Indies, and Jerusalem. The diocese of Lisbon was created in the 4th century, but it lay vacant after 716 when the city was captured by the Moors; the diocese was restored when the city was captured by king Afonso I of Portugal during the Second Crusade in 1147. In 1393, Lisbon was raised to the dignity of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Boniface IX with the papal bull ''In eminentissimae dignitatis''. In 1716, at the request of King John V, Pope Clement XI issued the bull ''In Supremo Apostolatus Solio'' granting the rank of Patriarch to the King's Chaplain, who had since been made Archbishop of West Lisbon. The bull '' Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii'', issued by Pope Clement XII in 1737, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination
Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives. Assassinations are ordered by both individuals and organizations, and are carried out by their accomplices. Acts of assassination have been performed since ancient times. A person who carries out an assassination is called an assassin. Etymology ''Assassin'' comes from the Italian and French Assissini, believed to derive from the word '' hashshashin'' (), and shares its etymological roots with '' hashish'' ( or ; from ').''The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam'' – Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12 It referred to a group of Nizari Ismailis known as the Order of Assassins who worked against various political targets. Founded by Hassan-i Sabbah, the Assassins were active in the Near East from the 11th to the 13th centuries. The group killed members of the Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defenestration
Defenestration (from Neo-Latin ) is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window. The term was coined around the time of an incident in Prague Castle in the year 1618 which became the spark that started the Thirty Years' War. This was done in "good Bohemian style", referring to the defenestration which had occurred in Prague's New Town Hall almost 200 years earlier (July 1419), and on that occasion led to the Hussite war. The word comes from the Neo-Latin '' de-'' (''down from'') and ''fenestra'' (window or opening). By extension, the term is also used to describe the forcible or summary removal of an adversary. Origin The term originates from two incidents in history, both occurring in Prague. In 1419, seven town officials were thrown from the New Town Hall, precipitating the Hussite War. In 1618, two Imperial governors and their secretary were tossed from the Prague Castle, sparking the Thirty Years' War. These incidents, particularly that in 1618, were ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Lisbon (1384)
The siege of Lisbon was a siege of the city of Lisbon from 29 May to 3 September 1384, between the Portuguese defenders of the city led by John I of Portugal and the Castillian army led by King John I of Castile. The siege ended in a disaster for Castile. A plague outbreak together with the constant attacks by Portuguese forces led by Nuno Álvares Pereira caused huge casualties among the Castilian ranks, who were forced to retreat four months after the start of the siege. Notes References *Miguel Duarte, Luís, Batalhas da História de Portugal – Guerra pela Independência, Academia Portuguesa de História, Lisboa, 2006, Vol. IV, pp 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 101 1384 in Europe Lisbon 1384 Conflicts in 1384 Lisbon (1384) Lisbon Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Boniface IX
Pope Boniface IX (; ; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli) was head of the Catholic Church from 2 November 1389 to his death, in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope during the Western Schism.Richard P. McBrien, ''Lives of the Popes'', (HarperCollins, 2000), 249. In this time, the Avignon claimants, Clement VII and Benedict XIII, maintained the Roman Curia in Avignon, under the protection of the French monarchy. He is the last pope to date to take on the pontifical name "Boniface". Early life Born c. 1350 in Naples, Pietro (also Piero or Perino) Cybo Tomacelli was son of Baron Giacomo Tomacelli and Verdella Caracciolo, feudataries of Casarano and nearby Casaranello, from noble neapolitan families, and a descendant of Tamaso Cybo, who belonged to an influential noble family from Genoa and settled in Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples. He was baptized in the paleochristian church of Santa Maria della Croce (the church of Casaranello). An unsympathetic Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John I Of Portugal
John I ( WP:IPA for Portuguese, [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433), also called John of Aviz, was King of Portugal from 1385 until his death in 1433. He is recognized chiefly for his role in Portugal's victory in 1383–85 crisis, a succession war with Crown of Castile, Castile, preserving his country's independence and establishing the House of Aviz, Aviz (or Joanine) dynasty on the Portuguese throne. His long reign of 48 years, the most extensive of all Portuguese monarchs, saw the beginning of Portugal's overseas expansion. John's well-remembered reign in his country earned him the epithet of Fond Memory (''de Boa Memória''); he was also referred to as "the Good" (''o Bom''), sometimes "the Great" (''o Grande''), and more rarely, especially in Spain, as "the Bastard" (''Bastardo''). Early life John was born in Lisbon as the Royal bastard, natural son of King Peter I of Portugal by a woman named Teresa, who, according to the royal chronicler Fernão Lopes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal was a Portuguese monarchy, monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves after 1415, and as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves between 1815 and 1822. The name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the realm's overseas colonies. The nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the ''Reconquista'', by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the Kingdom of Asturias, King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Portuguese House of Burgundy, Afonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the Hous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval polity in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Kingdom of Castile, Castile and Kingdom of León, León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III of Castile, Ferdinand III, to the vacant List of Leonese monarchs, Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Crown of Aragon, Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V of Spain, Philip V in 1716. In 1492, the voyage of Christopher Columbus and the discovery of the Americas were major events in the history of Castile. The West Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the Treaty of Villafá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacavém
Sacavém (; ) is a city and former civil parish in the municipality of Loures, Lisbon District, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Sacavém e Prior Velho. It is a few kilometers north-east of the Portuguese capital, Lisbon. The civil parish covers an area of , and included as of 2001 census a resident population of 17,659 inhabitants. The region is known for its famous ceramics industry. History Due to its strategic location, at the intersection of several roads from the north and east connecting to Lisbon, Sacavém was an important settlement during periods of Portuguese History, with some evidence extending back to pre-history. The Portuguese historian Pinho Leal wrote, in his chorography ''Portugal Antigo & Moderno'' (''Ancient & Modern Portugal''), that "''Sacavém is incontestably a very old settlement, and already existed in the time of the Romans''". The oldest-known references date back to the Neolithic and Chalcolithic: three polished stone axes wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beato, Lisbon
Beato () is a ''freguesia'' (civil parish) and typical Quarter (urban subdivision), quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in eastern Lisbon, Beato is south of Marvila, Lisbon, Marvila and Areeiro, Lisbon, Areeiro, and west of Penha de França. The population in 2021 was 12,183. History The parish of Beato encompasses various locales stretching from ''Alameda do Beato'' to the ''Encosta da Picheleira'' (lit. Picheleira slope), traversing ''Xabregas'' and the ''Vale de Chelas'' (Chelas valley) – areas steeped in history. Notably, Chelas and Xabregas are historically significant areas, although the available information on the ''Paróquia de S. Bartolomeu'' (Parish of St. Bartholomew - of Beato), which would later give rise to Beato, is not very abundant, at least until the 18th century. The origins of are enveloped in legends, yet the true significance of the term remains uncertain. Although some historians ascribe a Latin etymology (''planella chaela'', lit. s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisbon
Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainland Europe's westernmost capital city (second overall after Reykjavík, Reykjavik), and the only one along the Atlantic coast, the others (Reykjavik and Dublin) being on islands. The city lies in the western portion of the Iberian Peninsula, on the northern shore of the River Tagus. The western portion of its metro area, the Portuguese Riviera, hosts the westernmost point of Continental Europe, culminating at Cabo da Roca. Lisbon is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens), predating other modern European capitals by centuries. Settled by pre-Celtic tribes and later founded and civilized by the Phoenicians, Julius Caesar made it a municipium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1402 Deaths
Year 1402 (Roman numerals, MCDII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 29 – King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania Union answers the rumblings against his rule of Poland, by marrying Anna of Celje, a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland. * February 8 – The Great Comet of 1402 is first observed by people living in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth. The comet, visible for eight days even in daylight, makes its closest approach to Earth on February 20. It is last seen on March 27. * February 19 – Sigismund of Křižanov, Prokop of Luxemburg and King Wenceslas IV of Bohemia carry out an unsuccessful raid on the military garrison of Jihlava in an attack against the Kingdom of Croatia, led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund of Luxembourg. The Bohemians are routed, and Wenceslas is captured. * March 26 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Kingdom of Scotland, Scotla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
