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José MarÃa Callava
José MarÃa Callava was the final governor of Spanish West Florida, serving from February 1819 to the time of Spain's transfer of the territory to the United States on 17 July 1821. Callava was an officer in the Spanish military who had been rapidly promoted due to his service in the Peninsular War — the Battle of Almonacid in particular, for which he was knighted into the Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild in 1811. He became a colonel and governor in February 1819, before he reached the age of 40. James Parton's ''Life of Andrew Jackson'' describes Callava thus: ''He was a Castilian, of a race akin to the Saxon, of light complexion, a handsome, well-grown man, of dignified presence and refined manners.'' After the transfer of Florida to the United States as part of the Adams–OnÃs Treaty, Callava remained for a time in Pensacola, Florida, Pensacola acting as a representative of Spain and overseeing the embarkation of artillery and other unfinished business. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Colonial Governors Of Florida
The colonial governors of Florida governed Florida during its colonial period (before 1821). The first European known to arrive there was Juan Ponce de León in 1513, but the governorship did not begin until 1565, when Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded St. Augustine and was declared Governor and ''Adelantado'' of Florida.Cahoon, BenU.S. States F-K/ref> This district was subordinated to the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1763, following the transfer of Florida to Britain, the territory was divided into West Florida and East Florida, with separate governors. This division was maintained when Spain resumed control of Florida in 1783, and continued as provincial divisions with the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The Spanish transferred control of Florida to the United States in 1821, and the organized, incorporated Florida Territory was established on March 30, 1822. This became the modern State of Florida on March 3, 1845. First Spanish period, 1565–1763 British period, 1763†... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adams–OnÃs Treaty
The Adams–OnÃs Treaty () of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Spanish Cession, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p. 168. was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and Mexico (New Spain). It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. It came during the successful Spanish American wars of independence against Spain. Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or staff garrisons, so Madrid decided to cede the territory to the United States in exchange for settling the boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Spanish Texas. The treaty established the boundary of U.S. territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean, in exchange for Washington paying residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonial United States (Spanish)
The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of North America from the late 15th century until the unifying of the Thirteen British Colonies and creation of the United States in 1776, during the Revolutionary War. In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic launched major colonization expeditions in North America. The death rate was very high among early immigrants, and some early attempts disappeared altogether, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke. Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades. European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, farmers, indentured servants, tradesmen, and a very few from the aristocracy. Settlers included the Dutch of New Netherland, the Swedes and Finns of New Sweden, the English Quakers of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English Puritans of New England, the Virginian Cavaliers, the Engl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis L
Francis may refer to: People and characters *Pope Francis, head of the Catholic Church (2013–2025) *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Francis (surname) * Francis, a character played by YouTuber Boogie2988 Places * Rural Municipality of Francis No. 127, Saskatchewan, Canada * Francis, Saskatchewan, Canada ** Francis (electoral district) * Francis, Nebraska, USA * Francis Township, Holt County, Nebraska, USA * Francis, Oklahoma, USA * Francis, Utah, USA Arts, entertainment, media * ''Francis'' (film), the first of a series of comedies featuring Francis the Talking Mule, voiced by Chill Wills *''Francis'', a 1983 play by Julian Mitchell * Francis (band), a Sweden-based folk band *Francis (TV series), a Indian Bengali-language animated television series Other uses *FRANCIS, a bibliographic database * ''Francis'' (1793), a colonial schooner in Australia *Francis turbine, a type of water turbine See also * Saint Francis (other) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eufrosina Hinard
Eufrosina Hinard (also spelled Hisnard; 1777 ''after'' 1819), was a businesswoman who lived in New Orleans and Pensacola, Spanish West Florida. Hinard, a free mixed-race woman, owned and bought slaves and allowed them to purchase their own freedom. Biography Hinard was born in 1777 in New Orleans to a freed black slave. Her father was a free white man, and as Hinard's mother had been freed, Hinard was also born free. In 1791, she was placéed to Nicolás MarÃa Vidal, a legal counselor to the governor of Spanish Louisiana. She had two daughters with Vidal: Carolina Maria Salome and Maria Josefa de las Mercedes. Although Vidal was not listed on the children's baptism records, Hisnard and Vidal's daughters were accepted as part of Vidal's social circle without scandal. Hinard and her daughters lived in New Orleans until 1803, when it was ceded to the French at which time they moved with Vidal to Pensacola, Spanish West Florida. When Vidal died in 1806, he left his estat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolás MarÃa Vidal
Don Nicolás MarÃa Vidal y Madrigal (10 December 1739 – 25 May 1806) was a colonial official in Spanish Louisiana and Spanish Florida from 1799–1801. Biography Vidal was born in Cartagena de Indias in 1739 to Pedro Luis Vidal and Josefina Marcelina Madrigal y Valdés. He was educated at the Colegio de San Bartolomé, Santa Fé in Bogotá, Colombia and earned degrees in civil and canon law in 1763. He worked for 20 years as an attorney in Colombia for both the Spanish government and private clients, including serving as an interim governor in Popayán and Quito. He also worked as a law professor at the Colegio Seminario de San Bartolomé. In 1790, he was posted to Louisiana as a governmental legal adviser (''auditor de guerra''), arriving in New Orleans on March 17, 1791. Vidal's relationship with The Cabildo was contentious with disputes over larger issues like smallpox vaccination, fire hazards, and slavery, as well as minutia around protocol. In particular, Vidal wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida Territory
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the state of Florida. Originally the major portion of the Spanish territory of , and later the provinces of East Florida and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams–OnÃs Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council. Background The first European known to have encountered Florida was Juan Ponce de León, who claimed the land as a possession of Spain in 1513. St. Augustine, the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the continental U.S., was founded on the northeast coast of Florida in 1565. Florida continued to remain a Spanish possession until the end of the Seven Years' War, when Spain ceded it to the Kingdom of Great Britain in exchange for the release of Havana. In 1783, after the American Revolution, Great Britain ceded Florida ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pensacola, Florida
Pensacola ( ) is a city in the Florida panhandle in the United States. It is the county seat and only incorporated city, city in Escambia County, Florida, Escambia County. The population was 54,312 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Pensacola metropolitan area, which had 509,905 residents in the 2020 census. Pensacola was first settled by the Spanish Empire in 1559, antedating the establishment of St. Augustine, Florida, St. Augustine by six years, but was abandoned due to a significant hurricane and not resettled until 1698. Pensacola is a Port of Pensacola, seaport on Pensacola Bay, which is protected by the barrier island of Santa Rosa Island (Florida), Santa Rosa and connects to the Gulf of Mexico. A large Naval Air Station Pensacola, United States Naval Air Station, the first in the United States, is located in Pensacola. It is the base of the Blue Angels flight-demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum. The Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal And Military Order Of Saint Hermenegild
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild () is both a general military honor and a legion created by Ferdinand VII, King Ferdinand VII of Spain on 28 November 1814. The Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild is a military award, distinction of the Spain, Spanish Cavalry created by Ferdinand VII, King Ferdinand VII of Spain at the conclusion of the Peninsular War, Spanish War of Independence in 1814. The purpose of the Order was to serve as a maximum means of reward for those soldiers who exceeded their military obligations and fought on, surpassing their suffering in battle, and who thus would serve as examples of bravery to His Spanish Majesty's armies. Given the desire of the King to create a distinction of extraordinary rank, comparable to others traditional honours, it was decided to put the Order under the Patronage of Hermenegild, Saint Hermenegild, who was the Visigoth King of Seville who was martyred in defence of the Christian faith in the sixth century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William King (Governor Of West Florida)
William King (died January 1826) was an American army officer who was military governor of West Florida from May 26, 1818 to February 4, 1819. He was appointed to the position by Andrew Jackson, who led the American occupation of Spanish West Florida during the First Seminole War. Biography William King was born in Delaware in the late 18th century. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant of the United States Army in May 1808, and served in the War of 1812. King was promoted to colonel in 1813, and led the 4th Infantry Regiment under Andrew Jackson during the First Seminole War. He was with Jackson during his controversial 1818 invasion of the Spanish colony of West Florida and the occupation of Pensacola. Following Governor José Masot's surrender on May 23, Jackson appointed King military governor of West Florida on May 26. Jackson interpreted Masot's terms of surrender as giving the United States control over the entirety of West Florida. As military governor, King was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Almonacid
The Battle of Almonacid was fought on 11 August 1809 during the Peninsular War between Sébastiani's IV Corps of the French Peninsular Army, which King Joseph of Spain had withdrawn from the Battle of Talavera to defend Madrid, and the Spanish Army of La Mancha under General Venegas. After the decisive charges of Polish uhlans, the battle resulted in a French victory. Background The Spanish campaign in late 1809 started with the Battle of Talavera. Prelude After the defeat at Talavera, King Joseph retreated with his French army to the vicinity of Toledo and ordered General Sébastiani to attack the portion of the Spanish La Mancha army threatening Madrid under the command of Venegas at Aranjuez. On 5 August, however, due in large part to the hastiness of the attack and the limited number of Tagus River crossings, Sébastiani and the French forces were defeated in a short battle at Aranjuez. Sébastiani chose next to flank Venegas by moving his army west, crossing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish West Florida
Spanish West Florida ( Spanish: ''Florida Occidental'') was a province of the Spanish Empire from 1783 until 1821, when both it and East Florida were ceded to the United States. The region of West Florida initially had the same borders as the erstwhile British colony. Much of its territory was gradually annexed by the United States in the West Florida Controversy. At its greatest extent, the colony included what are now the Florida Parishes of Louisiana, the southernmost parts of Mississippi and Alabama, as well as the Panhandle of Florida. Whereas Southeastern Louisiana and present-day coastal Mississippi and Alabama were annexed either prior to or during the War of 1812, the land which makes up present-day Florida was not acquired until several years later. It became the Florida Territory of the United States in 1822. History Spain was the first European state to colonize the Florida peninsula, expanding northward from Cuba and establishing long-lasting settlements at St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
